@phdthesis{Petrou2013,
  author    = {Marina Agathi Petrou},
  title     = {Prevalence of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) among German school children at four cities in Germany: an epidemiological study},
  journal    = {Pr{\"a}valenz von Molar-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) bei deutschen Schulkindern in vier deutschen St{\"a}dten: eine epidemiologische Studie},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-001500-0},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Due to the wide range of reported prevalence of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) found in regional studies, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MIH in school children at different areas in Germany and to compare the findings to other studies. In the compulsory dental school examination, the first permanent molars, permanent incisors and second primary molars were examined for the presence of MIH according to EAPD criteria (Lygidakis et al., 2010; Weerheijm et al., 2003) in 2395 children attending 2nd to 4th grade (mean age 8.1 ±0.8 years, range 7- 10 years) in four regions in Germany. Examinations were performed by five calibrated examiners (Kappa> 0.9) on clean teeth after brushing. The MIH prevalence at the four regions differed considerably (D{\"u}sseldorf 14.6 \%, Hamburg 14.0 \%, Heidelberg 6.0 \%, Greifswald 4.3\%) with a mean prevalence of 10.1 \% (10.7 \% boys, 9.5 \% girls, χ2-test: p= 0.57). The caries prevalence was low in general, but children with MIH exhibited statistically significantly higher caries experience in the primary and permanent dentition (MIH group: dmft 2.0 ±2.5; DMFT 0.2 ±0.6; other children: dmft 1.5 ±2.2; DMFT 0.1 ±0.5; t-test: p= 0.001 and p< 0.001, respectively). The mean number of permanent teeth affected by MIH was 2.8 (±1.7). 12.0 \% of the children with MIH also had at least one affected primary molar which resulted in a statistically significant correlation for MIH in primary and permanent teeth (p< 0.01, Spearmans correlation). Most of the affected teeth had demarcated opacities (81.2 \%), but more than half of the affected children showed at least one tooth with a severe form of MIH characterized by breakdown of the tooth, atypical restorations or pain during brushing or eating. In conclusion, MIH is a clinically and epidemiologically relevant problem in German school children. The prevalence which is highly varying in different regions requires more research on the aetiology of MIH. The high rate of severe forms is of clinical concern. The findings of the present study stress the need for educating present and future dentists and pediatric specialists in MIH, as well as for developing public health policies for the prevention and adequate treatment of MIH.},
  language  = {en}
}