@phdthesis{Buczkowska2011,
  author    = {Magdalena Karolina Buczkowska},
  title     = {Synthesis, characterization, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of heterocyclic transition metal complexes},
  journal    = {Syntese, Characterisierung, zytotoxische und antimikrobielle Aktivit{\"a}ten von heterozyklischen Metallkomplexen},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-001090-7},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Transition metal complexes play a crucial role in antitumor therapy. Complexes of platinum, ruthenium as well as lanthanum and gallium have been investigated in preclinical as well as in clinical studies. The best known platinum(II) agents approved worldwide, cisplatin or carboplatin, are used in nearly 50\% of all cancer therapies. This work focused on the development of new metal-based drugs that could act against human cancer cells. It was motivated in part by previous work with Cu(II) complexes, reporting new coordination compounds of SOD mimicking and cytotoxic activities. On the basis of this work we chose several commercially available heterocyclic ligands to synthesize new metal ion complexes in search of their interesting biological activity. New as well as previously reported Cu(II), Co(II), Pt(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized using various ligands (1-6). Almost all chelating 2:1 ligand-metal complexes were obtained generally in water at room temperature in the reaction of metal(II) chloride with corresponding aromatic nitrogen ligands bearing an O-carboxylate group ligand. The synthesized chelating complexes were characterized by the use of spectroscopic methods, elemental analyses and HPLC chromatography and some by X-ray crystallography. Such coordination compounds are easily formed by transition metals with free orbitals d that can accept the donor electron pairs. The coordination is through the heterocyclic nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen donor atoms, which was shown by analysis of the characteristic functional groups in the IR spectra. The d-d transitions and absorption of visible light in Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes make them highly colored, blue, green or green-blue, respectively. The configuration of the coordination center was established in some cases by X-ray crystallography. Most of the already published structures possess the trans configuration. This led to the assumption that other uncrystallized complexes were also trans configured. However, X-ray data of the Cu(II) complex of 5 showed quite unexpectedly the cis configuration. On the other hand, the LC/MS experiments with the Pt(II) complex of 5 indicated that this complex exists in two isomeric forms, i.e., cis and trans at the Pt(II) center. Through the use of density functional calculations we optimized the structures and calculated the energies and dipole moments. The differences in energy for all complexes were about 6 to 15-fold lower when compared to cis and transplatin. The DFT calculations confirmed that the trans-isomers are more stable than their cis-isomers. UV-Vis stability studies with most of the synthesized complexes as well as some other Cu(II) complexes were performed to study the spectral changes over 24 h in addition of glutathione, a tripeptide present in the cancer cells and ascorbate that were added to the incubations. The results indicated time-dependent changes and instability of the complexes in the cells and their possible decomposition to lose the ligand and release the metal ion. In the case of Cu(II) complexes, reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) may take place. New species such as GSSG could arise and the complexes may decarboxylate, but these structures were not elucidated. The synthesized coordination metal(II) complexes were tested for their potential antiproliferative activities by using the crystal violet staining method in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Out of all complexes, three Pt(II) complexes of 2, 5 and 6 showed satisfactory activity and for these complexes the IC50 values were additionally determined in new RT-4, DAN-G and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the active complexes were the chelating trans complexes which is quite unexpected, based on the difference in activities between cis and transplatin. All of the complexes were tested for their potential antimicrobial activities in comparison to the standard antibiotics on such bacterial strains as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yeast Candida maltosa. Co(II) complexes have been especially known to act against bacterial strains. The activity of the Co(II) complexes was indeed the highest of all metal(II) complexes. The ligand 2 (a nicotinic acid isomer) was also found active. This fact could explain why some antibacterial activity was found in the MIC assay. In addition to the complexes synthesized in this work, several novel heterocyclic metal(II) complexes of copper, ruthenium, platinum, gallium, osmium and lanthanum from other research groups were screened for their antiproliferative activity, some of which exhibited very potent activity in the cancer cell lines. In conclusion, Pt(II) complexes with bis-chelating heterocyclic carboxylate ligands represent a particularly interesting new class of compounds from the view point of their structural and biological properties.},
  language  = {en}
}