@phdthesis{Nemschokmichal2013, author = {Sebastian Nemschokmichal}, title = {Temporal and spatial characterisation of nitrogen metastables in atmospheric pressure barrier discharges}, journal = {Zeitliche und r{\"a}umliche Charakterisierung von Stickstoffmetastabilen in Atmosph{\"a}rendruckbarrierenentladungen}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-001661-4}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The absolute density of the metastable N2(A,v=0) molecule was extensively studied in nitrogen barrier discharges at 500 mbar. For the detection of the metastables laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) was used, at which for the calibration of the absoute metastables density a comparison with Rayleigh scattering was performed. To get the ratio of the LIF signal to the Rayleigh signal it is shown that the LIF signal is the convolution of the Rayleigh signal with an exponential decay. Besides, the different cross sections are calculated and the ratio of the detection sensitivities at the laser and fluorescence wavelength is determined. As a first step on the way to atmospheric pressure barrier discharges, the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was implemented in low pressure capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges. The determined metastables density in the capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge is somewhat below 10^12 cm^(-3) at 40 Pa and somewhat below 10^13 cm^(-3) at 1000 Pa. The axial density profiles show a nearly symmetric shape due to the long lifetime of the metastable state. At a pressure of 500 mbar the two discharge modes of the barrier discharge, the filamentary and the diffuse mode, were analysed. The filamentary mode was mainly investigated in an asymmetric discharge configuration. Typical densities in the detection volume are in the range of 10^13 cm^(-3), resulting in maximal densities of up to 10^15 cm^(-3) in the microdischarge channel. Such large densities are in agreement with the fast decay by the pooling reaction after the maximum of the metastables density in the afterglow of the discharge pulse. The time dependent measurements in the afterglow of single microdischarges offer a delay of the metastables production with respect to the discharge current. This delay indicates that the metastables production takes place mostly by cascades from higher triplet states, which are in turn excited by electron impact. The axial density profiles show a maximum in metastables density in front of the anode in agreement with optical emission spectroscopy, but which cannot be clearly identified because of the asymmetric discharge configuration. The measurements for the diffuse discharge mode were performed in a symmetric discharge configuration. The metastables density is in the range of 10^13 cm^(-3). It increases during the current pulse of the discharge and decays afterwards. The maximum of the metastables density is delayed with respect to the maximum of the discharge current. The depletion of metastables in the early discharge afterglow is dominated by the pooling reaction, afterwards quenching by nitrogen atoms becomes important assuming a nitrogen atom density in the order of 10^14 cm^(-3). As for the filamentary mode, the losses by diffusion are negligible for the measurement positions. The measured axial density profiles show an accumulation of metastables in front of the anode, whereas the density in front of the cathode is below the detection limit. To calculate the metastables current density to the dielectrics after the discharge pulse a simulation is developed including the dominant volume processes for the depletion of metastables and the axial diffusion. Starting point for the simulation is the axial metastables density distribution at the end of the discharge pulse. The calculated metastables current density at the dielectrics is in the range of 10^14 cm^(-2)s^(-1). With the use of recently calculated secondary electron emission coefficients a comparison of the secondary electron emission by metastables with the discharge current is done. It is figured out that the secondary electron emission current is large enough to be important during the discharge ignition. To expand the simulation to the whole voltage cycle, the excitation of metastables is assumed to be proportional to the discharge current and electron density. Using this model, the measured time dependences of the metastables density are well reproduced for the investigated parameter variations. This is not the case for the axial profiles, where a metastables loss process is missed to explain the formation of a density plateau in front of the anode during the discharge pulse. The intended calculation of the metastables current density shows that the delay of the metastables production with respect to the discharge current might be responsible for the ignition of microdischarges at the beginning of the discharge pulse.}, language = {en} }