TY  - JOUR
U1  - Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
A1  - Nitsche, Claudia
A1  - Simon, Peter
A1  - Weiss, F. Ulrich
A1  - Fluhr, Gabriele
A1  - Weber, Eckhard
A1  - Gärtner, Simone
A1  - Behn, Claas O.
A1  - Kraft, Matthias
A1  - Ringel, Jörg
A1  - Aghdassi, Ali A.
A1  - Mayerle, Julia
A1  - Lerch, Markus M.
T1  - Environmental Risk Factors for Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer
JF  - Digestive Diseases
N2  - Chronic pancreatitis has long been thought to be mainly associated with immoderate alcohol consumption. The observation that only ∼10% of heavy drinkers develop chronic pancreatitis not only suggests that other environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, are potent additional risk factors, but also that the genetic component of pancreatitis is more common than previously presumed. Either disease-causing or protective traits have been indentified for mutations in different trypsinogen genes, the gene for the trypsin inhibitor SPINK1, chymotrypsinogen C, and the cystic fibrosis transmembane conductance regulator (CFTR). Other factors that have been proposed to contribute to pancreatitis are obesity, diets high in animal protein and fat, as well as antioxidant deficiencies. For the development of pancreatic cancer, preexisting chronic pancreatitis, more prominently hereditary pancreatitis, is a risk factor. The data on environmental risk factors for pancreatic cancer are, with the notable exception of tobacco smoke, either sparse, unconfirmed or controversial. Obesity appears to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in the West but not in Japan. Diets high in processed or red meat, diets low in fruits and vegetables, phytochemicals such as lycopene and flavonols, have been proposed and refuted as risk or protective factors in different trials. The best established and single most important risk factor for cancer as well as pancreatitis and the one to clearly avoid is tobacco smoke.
KW  - -
KW  - Chronic pancreatitis
KW  - Citrus fruits
KW  - Environmental risk factors
KW  - Environmental toxins
KW  - Flavonols
KW  - Nutritional risk factors
KW  - Pancreatic cancer
KW  - Phytochemicals
Y1  - 2011
UN  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-31427
SN  - 0257-2753
SS  - 0257-2753
SN  - 1421-9875
SS  - 1421-9875
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000323933
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000323933
PM  - 21734390
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 235
EP  - 242
PB  - S. Karger AG
CY  - Basel, Switzerland
ER  -