@article{NeudertAllahverdiyevaMammadovetal.2020,
  author    = {Neudert, Regina and Allahverdiyeva, Naiba and Mammadov, Niyaz and Didebulidze, Alexandre and Beckmann, Volker},
  title     = {Diversification of Livestock-Keeping Smallholders in Mountainous Rural Regions of Azerbaijan and Georgia},
  journal   = {Land},
  volume    = {9},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.3390/land9080267},
  institution = {Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche Fakult{\"a}t},
  pages     = {267},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Diversified livelihoods combining farming, livestock keeping and non-farm income arecharacteristic of many rural households worldwide. For the Central Asian and Caucasian region,livestock keeping is especially important in terms of land use and socio-cultural heritage. We contributeto the literature with data from the under-researched Caucasus region and investigate: (i) the extent ofdiversification in smallholder households; (ii) the role of livestock keeping in diversification; (iii) theinfluence of household-specific and location-specific variables and diversification on householdincome. Based on a dataset of 303 households, we calculate contribution margins for the mainagricultural activities, household income, and diversification indices and analyze the influence ofdiversification, asset and location variables on household income with a regression model. Householdincome is generally diversified and a combination of four income sources (crops, livestock, poultry/beesand social benefits) was the most frequent. The econometric analysis shows that higher householdincomes are positively correlated with higher household land and livestock assets, the presence ofnon-farm work and social benefit income sources and with an increasing specialization as measuredby the diversification index. For enhancing rural household incomes and slowing down rural-urbanmigration, the development of non-farm job opportunities is recommended.},
  subject      = {-},
  language  = {en}
}