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Detection of Low MAP Shedder Prevalence in Large Free-Stall Dairy Herds by Repeated Testing of Environmental Samples and Pooled Milk Samples

  • Simple Summary Paratuberculosis is a disease which affects ruminants worldwide. Many countries have implemented certification and monitoring systems to control the disease, particularly in dairy herds. Monitoring herds certified as paratuberculosis non-suspect is an important component of paratuberculosis herd certification programs. The challenge is to detect the introduction or reintroduction of the infectious agent as early as possible with reasonable efforts but high certainty. In our study, we evaluated different low-cost testing schemes in herds where the share of infected animals was low, resulting in a low within-herd prevalence of animals shedding the bacteria that causes paratuberculosis in their feces. The test methods used were repeated pooled milk samples and fecal samples from the barn environment. Our study showed that numerous repetitions of different samples are necessary to monitor such herds with sufficiently high certainty. In the case of herds with a very low prevalence, our study showed that a combination of different sampling approaches is required. Abstract An easy-to-use and affordable surveillance system is crucial for paratuberculosis control. The use of environmental samples and milk pools has been proven to be effective for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected herds, but not for monitoring dairy herds certified as MAP non-suspect. We aimed to evaluate methods for the repeated testing of large dairy herds with a very low prevalence of MAP shedders, using different sets of environmental samples or pooled milk samples, collected monthly over a period of one year in 36 herds with known MAP shedder prevalence. Environmental samples were analyzed by bacterial culture and fecal PCR, and pools of 25 and 50 individual milk samples were analyzed by ELISA for MAP-specific antibodies. We estimated the cumulative sensitivity and specificity for up to twelve sampling events by adapting a Bayesian latent class model and taking into account the between- and within-test correlation. Our study revealed that at least seven repeated samplings of feces from the barn environment are necessary to achieve a sensitivity of 95% in herds with a within-herd shedder prevalence of at least 2%. The detection of herds with a prevalence of less than 2% is more challenging and, in addition to numerous repetitions, requires a combination of different samples.

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Metadaten
Author: Annika Wichert, Elisa Kasbohm, Esra Einax, Axel Wehrend, Karsten Donat
URN:urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-62713
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111343
ISSN:2076-2615
Parent Title (English):Animals
Publisher:MDPI
Place of publication:Basel
Editor: Alfonso Zecconi
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Date of first Publication:2022/05/25
Release Date:2022/11/15
Tag:ELISA; environmental samples; fecal culture; latent class model; milk pools; real-time PCR; subsp.
GND Keyword:-
Volume:12
Issue:11
Article Number:1343
Page Number:21
Faculties:Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Mathematik und Informatik
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - Namensnennung