Open Access

Jana Fischer, Mark S. Gresnigt, Oliver Werz, Bernhard Hube, Ulrike Garscha

• Abstract Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation playing a key role in acute inflammation during microbial infections. Phagocytosis, one of the crucial defence mechanisms of neutrophils against pathogens, is amplified by chemotactic leukotriene (LT)B4, which is biosynthesized via 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX). However, extensive liberation of LTB4 can be destructive by over‐intensifying the inflammatory process. While enzymatic biosynthesis of LTB4 is well characterized, less is known about molecular mechanisms that activate 5‐LOX and lead to LTB4 formation during host–pathogen interactions. Here, we investigated the ability of the common opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to induce LTB4 formation in neutrophils, and elucidated pathogen‐mediated drivers and cellular processes that activate this pathway. We revealed that C. albicans‐induced LTB4 biosynthesis requires both the morphological transition from yeast cells to hyphae and the expression of hyphae‐associated genes, as exclusively viable hyphae or yeast‐locked mutant cells expressing hyphae‐associated genes stimulated 5‐LOX by [Ca2+]i mobilization and p38 MAPK activation. LTB4 biosynthesis was orchestrated by synergistic activation of dectin‐1 and Toll‐like receptor 2, and corresponding signaling via SYK and MYD88, respectively. Conclusively, we report hyphae‐specific induction of LTB4 biosynthesis in human neutrophils. This highlights an expanding role of neutrophils during inflammatory processes in the response to C. albicans infections.