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Potential of Pulsed Corona Discharges Generated in Water for the Degradation of Recalcitrant Pharmaceutical Residues and for Water Disinfection

  • Pharmaceutical residues are found in increasing concentrations in the environment and in potable water where they have verifiable effects on aquatic life. Conventional methods for water treatment are not able to sufficiently abate these generally stable compounds. It was found that physical plasma generated directly in water can degrade several of these recalcitrant organic pollutants. Studies on the basic plasma chemical processes for the model system of phenol showed that the degradation is primarily caused by hydroxyl radicals. This was confirmed by reaction chemistry and spin trap enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The degradation of diclofenac and its by-products were investigated in detail to perform a first risk-assessment of the new technology. Findings are not limited to the application of plasma but applicable to other advanced oxidation processes (AOP) that are based on the generation of hydroxyl radicals as well. Additionally, pulsed corona plasma and pulsed electric fields were assessed for their capacity to kill Legionella pneumophila in water. Whereas it was possible to kill L. Pneumophila with both methods, plasma treatment resulted in an enhanced bacterial killing. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and plasma treatment in particular are some of the few feasible approaches to decompose recalcitrant compounds in water.
  • Schwer abbaubare pharmazeutische Rückstände werden in zunehmenden Konzentrationen in Umwelt und Trinkwasser gefunden, wo sie einen nachweisbaren Effekt auf das aquatische System haben. Konventionelle Methoden sind derzeit nicht in der Lage die, zumeist sehr stabilen, Substanzen zufriedenstellend abzubauen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass physikalisches Plasma, welches direkt in Wasser generiert wird, eine Vielzahl dieser stabilen Substanzen abzubauen vermag. Untersuchungen zu den grundlegenden chemischen Prozessen anhand der Modellsubstanz Phenol als auch der spin trap enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance Spektroskopie (EPR) zeigen, dass der Abbau pharmazeutischer Stoffe vorrangig durch Hydroxylradikale erfolgt. Am Abbau von Diclofenac und der gefundenen Spaltprodukte erfolgte eine erste Risikobewertung dieser neuen Technologie. Die Ergebnisse dieser Bewertung sind dabei nicht nur auf physikalische Plasmen beschränkt, sondern lassen sich auch auf andere fortgeschrittenen Oxidationsprozesse (AOP) übertragen, die auf der Generierung von Hydroxylradikalen basieren. Zusätzlich wurde Plasma hinsichtlich seiner Effekte auf die Entkeimung von Legionella pneumophila in Trinkwasser untersucht; als Vergleichsmethode diente der Einsatz von gepulsten elektrischen Feldern. Beide Methoden waren in der Lage L. pneumophila abzutöten, wobei Plasma einen stärkeren antimikrobiellen Effekt auf die Bakterien zeigen konnte. Die Plasmabehandlungen im Speziellen stellt somit eine der wenigen praktischen Ansätze zum Abbau pharmazeutischer Rückstände und der Behandlung mikrobiell belasteter Abwasser dar.

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Metadaten
Author: Robert Banaschik
URN:urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-002945-2
Title Additional (English):Potential of Pulsed Corona Discharges Generated in Water for the Degradation of Recalcitrant Pharmaceutical Residues and for Water Disinfection
Title Additional (German):Einsatzmöglichkeiten gepulster Koronaentladungen in Wasser zum Abbau pharmazeutischer Rückstände und zur Wasserentkeimung
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Juergen F. Kolb, Prof. Dr. Patrick J. Bednarski
Document Type:Doctoral Thesis
Language:English
Date of Publication (online):2017/12/06
Granting Institution:Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (bis 31.05.2018)
Date of final exam:2017/11/21
Release Date:2017/12/06
Tag:Diclofenac; Hydroxylradikale; Legionellen; advanced oxidation processes
Legionella; advanced oxidation processes; diclofenac; hydroxyl radicals
GND Keyword:Hydroxyl, Atmosphärendruckplasma, Arzneimittelrückstand, Wasseraufbereitung, Plasmachemie
Faculties:Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Pharmazie
DDC class:500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 540 Chemie
PACS-Classification:50.00.00 PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES / 52.00.00 Physics of plasmas and electric discharges (for space plasma physics, see 94.05.-a; for astrophysical plasmas, see 95.30.Qd; for physics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, see 94.20.-y and 94.30.-d respectively) / 52.80.-s Electric discharges (see also 51.50.+v Electrical properties of gases; for plasma reactions including flowing afterglow and electric discharges, see 82.33.Xj in physical chemistry and chemical physics) / 52.80.Wq Discharge in liquids and solids (for electric breakdown in liquids, see 77.22.Jp)
80.00.00 INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / 82.00.00 Physical chemistry and chemical physics; Electronic structure theory of atoms and molecules, see 31.15.-p; Electronic structure theory of condensed matter, see section 71; Electronic structure theory for biomolecules, see 87.10.-e; Electronic structure of / 82.30.-b Specific chemical reactions; reaction mechanisms / 82.30.Cf Atom and radical reactions; chain reactions; molecule-molecule reactions
80.00.00 INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / 82.00.00 Physical chemistry and chemical physics; Electronic structure theory of atoms and molecules, see 31.15.-p; Electronic structure theory of condensed matter, see section 71; Electronic structure theory for biomolecules, see 87.10.-e; Electronic structure of / 82.33.-z Reactions in various media / 82.33.Xj Plasma reactions (including flowing afterglow and electric discharges)
80.00.00 INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / 89.00.00 Other areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics / 89.20.-a Interdisciplinary applications of physics / 89.20.Bb Industrial and technological research and development
80.00.00 INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / 89.00.00 Other areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics / 89.60.-k Environmental studies (for ecology, see 87.23.-n); Air quality and air pollution, see 92.60.Sz; Erosion sedimentation; sediment transport, see 92.40.Gc; Water quality, see 92.40.kc, and in Geophysics Appendix see 92.40.qc / 89.60.Ec Environmental safety