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Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, mit Hilfe der Stufenzuordnung des Trantheoretischen Modells (TTM) die geringe Anforderungsrate des Kriseninterventionsteams (KIT) in Greifswald zu erklären und Ansätze zum gesteigerten Inanspruchnahmeverhalten der Rettungskräfte herauszufinden. Es stellte sich heraus, dass sich 59,8 % der 105 potentiellen Anforderer in der Stufe der Absichtslosigkeit befinden und nur 20,7% in der aktiven Stufe des Handelns. In der Stufe des Handelns befinden sich 61,5% der Notärzte, aber keiner der Feuerwehr während umgekehrt in der Stufe der Absichtslosigkeit 85,7% der Feuerwehrleute anzutreffen sind. Damit die potentiellen Anforderer mehr in die erwünschte Stufe der Handlung übergehen, ist es notwendig, dass sie die Veränderungsstrategien des TTM (z.B. Steigern des Problembewusstseins) anwenden. Dadurch können sie ihr Anforderungsverhalten ändern, das Zielverhalten erreichen und in die Stufe von Action & Maintenance gelangen.
Abstract
Objective
This study was undertaken to calculate epilepsy‐related direct, indirect, and total costs in adult patients with active epilepsy (ongoing unprovoked seizures) in Germany and to analyze cost components and dynamics compared to previous studies from 2003, 2008, and 2013. This analysis was part of the Epi2020 study.
Methods
Direct and indirect costs related to epilepsy were calculated with a multicenter survey using an established and validated questionnaire with a bottom‐up design and human capital approach over a 3‐month period in late 2020. Epilepsy‐specific costs in the German health care sector from 2003, 2008, and 2013 were corrected for inflation to allow for a valid comparison.
Results
Data on the disease‐specific costs for 253 patients in 2020 were analyzed. The mean total costs were calculated at €5551 (±€5805, median = €2611, range = €274–€21 667) per 3 months, comprising mean direct costs of €1861 (±€1905, median = €1276, range = €327–€13 158) and mean indirect costs of €3690 (±€5298, median = €0, range = €0–€11 925). The main direct cost components were hospitalization (42.4%), antiseizure medication (42.2%), and outpatient care (6.2%). Productivity losses due to early retirement (53.6%), part‐time work or unemployment (30.8%), and seizure‐related off‐days (15.6%) were the main reasons for indirect costs. However, compared to 2013, there was no significant increase of direct costs (−10.0%), and indirect costs significantly increased (p < .028, +35.1%), resulting in a significant increase in total epilepsy‐related costs (p < .047, +20.2%). Compared to the 2013 study population, a significant increase of cost of illness could be observed (p = .047).
Significance
The present study shows that disease‐related costs in adult patients with active epilepsy increased from 2013 to 2020. As direct costs have remained constant, this increase is attributable to an increase in indirect costs. These findings highlight the impact of productivity loss caused by early retirement, unemployment, working time reduction, and seizure‐related days off.