Refine
Year of publication
- 2019 (222) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (167)
- Doctoral Thesis (55)
Language
- English (222) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (222)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (222)
Keywords
- - (114)
- proteomics (7)
- metabolomics (4)
- periodontitis (4)
- <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (3)
- Caries epidemiology (3)
- Caries experience (3)
- Proteomics (3)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (3)
- <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2)
Institute
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (19)
- Institut für Biochemie (16)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (16)
- Institut für Physik (14)
- Institut für Pharmazie (13)
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (10)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (10)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (10)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (10)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (8)
Publisher
- MDPI (53)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (29)
- S. Karger AG (20)
- Copernicus (12)
- SAGE Publications (11)
- Wiley (9)
- Public Library of Science (PLoS) (7)
- BioMed Central (BMC) (4)
- De Gruyter (4)
- Nature Publishing Group (4)
Environmental activism, defined as a range of difficult pro-environmental behaviors, is analyzed within the conceptual framework of Significance Quest Theory (SQT). In Study 1, 40 interviews were carried out on two groups of people in the European Union: Committed Actors for Nature (CANs, n = 25) versus Committed Actors for Society (CASs, n = 15). Results demonstrated that Significance Quest (SQ) motivates each group to be strongly committed to their chosen action and the main difference between them being in their ideology (pro-social vs. pro-environmental). In Study 2 (N = 131), the relationship between SQ and intention to enact difficult pro-environmental behaviors was assessed. Results suggested that the higher the SQ, the higher the tendency to enact difficult pro-environmental behaviors, but not average or easy ones. Moreover, the higher the pro-environmental ideology, the stronger the indirect effect of SQ on difficult behavior through willingness to sacrifice.
In our retrospective study we researched for possible injuries to the eye and orbit in patients who suffered from polytrauma. We assessed 6,000 patients with severe trauma, who were treated at the Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (UKB) between February 2006 and August 2014. Out of them, 1,061 maxillofacial CT scans were performed additionally to a whole-body scan as further injuries to eye and/or orbit could clinically not be excluded. We used a systemic diagnostic workup to examine the frequency and severity of a trauma to osseous and soft tissue structures of the orbit. For the assessment of the bony orbital walls we included the detection of a fracture gap, a rough dislocation of bony fragments as well as the detonation of osseous sutures between facial bones. Concerning the orbital soft tissue structures we looked at injuries of the ocular globe including the lens, extraocular muscles, optic nerve and orbital vessels. Complementary, we collected clinical data of eye examinations of our patients by using the medical information system (MIS) software medico. We appraised the ophthalmic diagnostic findings based on three criteria: the intraocular pressure (IOP), the vision and eye movements and recorded whether surgery or conservative treatment was conducted.
Out of 1,061 maxillofacial CT images, 811 were excluded. 668 patients did not have a trauma to the midface and 143 patients only showed fractures of the nose and/or jaw. The remaining 250 patients revealed traumata to the orbit: 149 CT scans showed fractures of the orbital cavity without participation of soft tissue structures. Three patients presented with pure soft tissue traumata to the eye and 98 scans displayed combined injuries of bones and orbital soft tissue structures. The right orbit was concerned in 35.6%, the left orbit in 32.8% and both orbits in 31.6% of cases. The prevailing type of fracture was the single wall fracture, followed by two- and three-walled fractures. In the majority of cases the orbital roof, floor or lateral wall were concerned. Besides blow-out fractures, we detected characteristic fractures as the tripod fracture and Le Fort 2°. Regarding the soft tissue traumata of 101 CT scans, we detected an unshaped vitreous body in 23.8% and a (partially) ruptured globe in 6.9%. The ocular lens was dislocated in six cases (5.9%). A foreign body pre-orbital and within the conus was found three times. Considering the extraocular muscles, we discovered that 44.6% of muscles were dislocated. In 7.9% extraocular muscles were pierced by bone, in one case the muscle was pierced by a foreign body. Searching for structural alterations of the optic nerve, 12.9% of 101 scans presented an elongated optic nerve and 9.9% revealed an altered morphology. One nerve was transected by a metallic foreign body. Upon closer inspection of orbital vessels, we detected 9.9% prominent ophthalmic veins and 5.9% posttraumatic dCCF out of 101 CT scans. The results of the clinical eye examinations showed that 19.2% of the collective of 250 patients presented with an increased IOP. 4.8% of 250 patients had a reduced or lost vision and 10% of patients had suffered from a limited ocular movement after trauma to the midface.
In conclusion, approximately 9.5% from 1,061 polytrauma patients presented with associated orbital injuries. Ocular injuries are not often given immediate concern as patients with life-threatening conditions need to be stabilized first. Undetected serious eye injuries might lead to a reduced or lost vision, which could result in severe limitations of quality of life. The results of our study speak in favor for early ophthalmological consultations and radiological imaging. Diagnostic and treatment of possible orbital injuries should be remembered in a polytrauma patient.
For the goal of individualized medicine, it is critical to have clinical phenotypes at hand which represent the individual pathophysiology. However, for most of the utilized phenotypes, two individuals with the same phenotype assignment may differ strongly in their underlying biological traits. In this paper, we propose a definition for individualization and a corresponding statistical operationalization, delivering thereby a statistical framework in which the usefulness of a variable in the meaningful differentiation of individuals with the same phenotype can be assessed. Based on this framework, we develop a statistical workflow to derive individualized phenotypes, demonstrating that under specific statistical constraints the prediction error of prediction scores contains information about hidden biological traits not represented in the modeled phenotype of interest, allowing thereby internal differentiation of individuals with the same assigned phenotypic manifestation. We applied our procedure to data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania to construct a refined definition of obesity, demonstrating the utility of the definition in prospective survival analyses. Summarizing, we propose a framework for the individualization of phenotypes aiding personalized medicine by shifting the focus in the assessment of prediction models from the model fit to the informational content of the prediction error.
Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The striatum is one of the first brain regions that show detectable atrophy in HD. Previous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 tesla (3 T) revealed reduced functional connectivity between striatum and motor cortex in the prodromal period of HD. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have suggested segregated corticostriatal pathways with distinct loops involving different cortical regions, which may be investigated using fMRI at an ultra-high field (7 T) with enhanced sensitivity compared to lower fields. Objectives: We performed fMRI at 7 T to assess functional connectivity between the striatum and several chosen cortical areas including the motor and prefrontal cortex, in order to better understand brain changes in the striatum-cortical pathways. Method: 13 manifest subjects (age 51 ± 13 years, cytosine-adenine-guanine [CAG] repeat 45 ± 5, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale [UHDRS] motor score 32 ± 17), 8 subjects in the close-to-onset premanifest period (age 38 ± 10 years, CAG repeat 44 ± 2, UHDRS motor score 8 ± 2), 11 subjects in the far-from-onset premanifest period (age 38 ± 11 years, CAG repeat 42 ± 2, UHDRS motor score 1 ± 2), and 16 healthy controls (age 44 ± 15 years) were studied. The functional connectivity between the striatum and several cortical areas was measured by resting state fMRI at 7 T and analyzed in all participants. Results: Compared to controls, functional connectivity between striatum and premotor area, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal as well as middle frontal regions was altered in HD (all p values <0.001). Specifically, decreased striatum-motor connectivity but increased striatum-prefrontal connectivity were found in premanifest HD subjects. Altered functional connectivity correlated consistently with genetic burden, but not with clinical scores. Conclusions: Differential changes in functional connectivity of striatum-prefrontal and striatum-motor circuits can be found in early and premanifest HD. This may imply a compensatory mechanism, where additional cortical regions are recruited to subserve functions that have been impaired due to HD pathology. Our results suggest the potential value of functional connectivity as a marker for future clinical trials in HD.
Multiproxy investigations of lacustrine sediments from Laguna Azul (52 °S) document multi-millennial Holocene influences of Southern Hemispheric Westerlies (SHW) on the hydroclimatic variability of south-eastern Patagonia. During the last 4000 years, this hydroclimatic variability is overprinted by centennial warm/dry periods. A cool/wet period from 11,600 to 10,100 cal. BP is succeeded by an early Holocene dry period (10,100–8300 cal. BP) with a shallow lake, strong anoxia, methanogenesis and high salinity. Between 8300 and 4000 cal. BP the influence of SHW weakened, resulting in a freshwater lake considered to be related to less arid conditions. Since 4000 cal. BP, regional temperature decreased accompanied by re-intensification of SHW reaching full strength since 3000 cal. BP. Centred around 2200, 1000 cal. BP and in the 20th century, Laguna Azul experienced century-long warm/dry spells. Between these dry periods, two pronounced moist periods are suggested to be contemporaneous to the ‘Dark Age Cold Period’ and the ‘Little Ice Age’. Different from millennial SHW variations, centennial fluctuations appear to be synchronous for South America and the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in solar activity, large volcanic eruptions and/or modulations of ocean circulation are potential triggers for this synchronicity.
Introduction: Senior urology physicians represent a heterogeneous group covering various clinical priorities and career objectives. No reliable data on gender-specific variations among senior urology physicians are available concerning professional and personal aspects. Methods: The objective of this study was to analyze professional perspectives, professional and personal settings, and individual career goals. A Web-based survey containing 55 items was designed which was available for senior physicians at German urologic centers between February and April 2019. Gender-specific differences were evaluated using bootstrap-adjusted multivariate logistic regression models. Results: One hundred and ninety-two surveys were evaluable including 29 female senior physicians (15.1%). Ninety-five percent would choose urology again as their field of specialization – with no significant gender-specific difference. 81.2% of participants rate the position of senior physician as a desirable career goal (comparing sexes: p = 0.220). Based on multivariate models, male participants self-assessed themselves significantly more frequently autonomously safe performing laparoscopic, open, and endourologic surgery. Male senior physicians declared 7 times more often to run for the position of head of department/full professor. Conclusion: This first study on professional and personal aspects among senior urology physicians demonstrates gender-specific variations concerning self-assessment of surgical expertise and future career goals. The creation of well-orchestrated human resources development strategies especially adapted to the needs of female urologists seems advisable.
Abstract
This article compares the use of calques modelled on anglicisms in different European languages, especially Spanish and German, which do not only show structural differences (e.g. with regard to the use of noun-noun compounds, which are more common in German) but also reflect different attitudes towards English. Aspects covered range from the factors generally favouring the coinage of such replacive forms, to the reasons for the emergence of different types of calques, to variations in their use and challenges concerning their identification. To unravel the main patterns and trends in calquing, this study includes numerous examples from written and oral language, i.e. items of different register affiliation, age, length, and semantic transparency. On a theoretical level, the article incorporates findings from the fields of lexicology, contact linguistics and sociolinguistics.
A 2-day workshop of ORCA and the IADR Cariology Research Group was organized to discuss and reach consensus on definitions of the most commonly used terms in cariology. The aims were to identify and to select the most commonly used terms of dental caries and dental caries management and to define them based on current concepts. Terms related to definition, diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of dental caries were included. The Delphi process was used to establish terms to be considered using the nominal group method favored by consensus. Of 222 terms originally suggested by six cariologists from different countries, a total of 59 terms were reviewed after removing duplicates and unnecessary words. Sixteen experts in cariology took part in the process of reaching consensus about the definitions of the selected caries terms. Decisions were made following thorough “round table” discussions of each term and confirmed by secret electronic voting. Full agreement (100%) was reached on 17 terms, while the definitions of 6 terms were below the agreed 80% threshold of consensus. The suggested terminology is recommended for use in research, in public health, as well as in clinical practice.
Background: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is characterized by inadequate production, insufficient secretion, and/or inactivation of pancreatic enzymes, resulting in maldigestion. The aim of this review was to analyze the prevalence and pathophysiology of PEI resulting from gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and to examine the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) for effectively managing PEI. Summary: A targeted PubMed search was conducted for studies examining the prevalence and pathophysiology of PEI in patients following GI surgery and for studies assessing the effects of PERT in these patients. PEI is a common complication following GI surgery that can lead to nutritional deficiencies, which may contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients. Timely treatment of PEI with PERT can prevent malnutrition, increase quality of life, and possibly reduce the associated mortality. Treatment of PEI should aim not only to alleviate symptoms but also to achieve significant improvements in nutritional parameters. Dose optimization of PERT is required for effective management of PEI, in addition to regular assessment of nutritional status, appropriate patient education, and reassessment if symptoms return. Key Messages: Difficulties in detecting PEI following GI surgery can result in undiagnosed and untreated maldigestion, leading to metabolic complications and increased morbidity. Both are preventable by early administration and monitoring for optimal doses of PERT.
A 2-day workshop of ORCA and the IADR Cariology Research Group was organized to discuss and reach consensus on definitions of the most commonly used terms in cariology. The aims were to identify and to select the most commonly used terms of dental caries and dental caries management and to define them based on current concepts. Terms related to definition, diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of dental caries were included. The Delphi process was used to establish terms to be considered using the nominal group method favored by consensus. Of 222 terms originally suggested by six cariologists from different countries, a total of 59 terms were reviewed after removing duplicates and unnecessary words. Sixteen experts in cariology took part in the process of reaching consensus about the definitions of the selected caries terms. Decisions were made following thorough “round table” discussions of each term and confirmed by secret electronic voting. Full agreement (100%) was reached on 17 terms, while the definitions of 6 terms were below the agreed 80% threshold of consensus. The suggested terminology is recommended for use in research, in public health, as well as in clinical practice.