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Laminaschrauben stellen eine alternative Fixierungsmöglichkeit im Bereich der Brustwirbelsäule dar. Sie sind die einzige Fixierungsmöglichkeit, welche in der Literatur eine adäquate Stabilität wie die Pedikelschrauben aufweist und damit für eine suffiziente Stabilisierung infrage kommt.
Es konnten Laminaschrauben mit einem Durchmesser von 0,4cm bei mehr als 90% der untersuchten Wirbelkörper verwendet werden. Bei den Pedikelschrauben waren jedoch nur 80% der Wirbelkörper für den o.g. Durchmesser zugänglich. Insbesondere die Pedikel der weiblichen Probanden zeigten in 27% der Fälle eine Hypoplasie von unter 0,4cm.
Da die Laminabreite ihr Minimum in der unteren Brustwirbelsäule und die Pedikelbreite ihr Minimum im Bereich der mittleren Brustwirbelsäule hat, können durch die Kombination beider Verfahren weniger als 3% der untersuchten Wirbel nicht instrumentiert werden.
Es konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass in den dreidimensional rekonstruierten CT-Bildern eine ausreichende Messgenauigkeit vorliegt, um anhand dieser eine Entscheidung bezüglich der Verwendung der einen oder der anderen Stabilisierungstechnik zu treffen.
Laminaschrauben können jedoch nicht in allen Fällen verwendet werden, daher sollte vor der Verwendung dieser in jedem Fall eine CT-Bilddiagnostik durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund fehlender Langzeitergebnisse sollte vor dem Einsatz von Laminaschrauben die Anwendbarkeit der etablierten Methoden der Instrumentierung kritisch geprüft werden.
BACKGROUND Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, acquired demyelination syndrome that causes cognitive impairment and
focal neurological deficits and may be fatal. The potentially reversible disease mainly affects children, often after vaccination or viral infection, but may
be seen rarely in adults.
OBSERVATIONS A 50-year-old woman presented with loss of visual acuity of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intra- and
suprasellar mass, which was removed successfully. On postoperative day 1, MRI showed gross total resection of the lesion and no surgery-related
complications. On postoperative day 2, the patient presented with a progressive left-sided hemiparesis, hemineglect, and decline of cognitive
performance. MRI showed white matter edema in both hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mixed pleocytosis (355/mL) without further
evidence of infection. In synopsis of the findings, ADEM was diagnosed and treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Shortly thereafter, the patient
recovered, and no sensorimotor deficits were detected in the follow-up examination.
LESSONS Pituitary gland pathologies are commonly treated by transsphenoidal surgery, with only minor risks for complications. A case of ADEM after
craniopharyngioma resection has not been published before and should be considered in case of progressive neurological deterioration with multiple
white matter lesions.
Advances in spine surgery enable technically safe interventions in older patients with disabling spine disease, yet postoperative delirium (POD) poses a serious risk for postoperative recovery. This study investigates biomarkers of pro-neuroinflammatory states that may help objectively define the pre-operative risk for POD. This study enrolled patients aged ≥60 scheduled for elective spine surgery under general anesthesia. Biomarkers for a pro-neuroinflammatory state included S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Gasdermin D, and the soluble ectodomain of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Postoperative changes of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed as markers of systemic inflammation preoperatively, intraoperatively, and early postoperatively (up to 48 h). Patients with POD (n = 19, 75.7 ± 5.8 years) had higher pre-operative levels of sTREM2 (128.2 ± 69.4 pg/mL vs. 97.2 ± 52.0 pg/mL, p = 0.049) and Gasdermin D (2.9 ± 1.6 pg/mL vs. 2.1 ± 1.4 pg/mL, p = 0.29) than those without POD (n = 25, 75.6 ± 5.1 years). STREM2 was additionally a predictor for POD (OR = 1.01/(pg/mL) [1.00–1.03], p = 0.05), moderated by IL-6 (Wald-χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.04). Patients with POD additionally showed a significant increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and S100β levels on the first postoperative day. This study identified higher levels of sTREM2 and Gasdermin D as potential markers of a pro-neuroinflammatory state that predisposes to the development of POD. Future studies should confirm these results in a larger cohort and determine their potential as an objective biomarker to inform delirium prevention strategies.