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Background: Depression and obesity are widespread and closely linked. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vitamin D are both assumed to be associated with depression and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between vitamin D and BDNF. We explored the putative associations and interactions between serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend (n = 3,926). The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire) were assessed with binary and multinomial logistic regression models. The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with obesity (measured by the waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were assessed with binary logistic and linear regression models with restricted cubic splines. Results: Logistic regression models revealed inverse associations of vitamin D with depression (OR = 0.966; 95% CI 0.951–0.981) and obesity (OR = 0.976; 95% CI 0.967–0.985). No linear association of serum BDNF with depression or obesity was found. However, linear regression models revealed a U-shaped association of BDNF with WHR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D was inversely associated with depression and obesity. BDNF was associated with abdominal obesity, but not with depression. At the population level, our results support the relevant roles of vitamin D and BDNF in mental and physical health-related outcomes.
Adipositas stellt weltweit ein zunehmendes Problem dar. Es besteht kein Zweifel an
den systemischen schädlichen Auswirkungen des übermäßigen Körperfetts. Auch
das Nervensystem ist von den pathologischen Prozessen betroffen, die durch
Adipositas angestoßen werden. Die genauen Mechanismen, die diesen Prozessen
zugrunde liegen, sind noch unklar. Auch gibt es bislang keine klinisch etablierten
Biomarker, die eine gezielte Diagnostik und ein Therapiemonitoring der neuronalen
Schäden ermöglichen. NSE ist ein Marker für Neurodestruktion. Bei Adipositas und
Demenz weisen Studien auf das Potenzial von NSE als Marker für die zerebralen
Auswirkungen dieser Erkrankungen hin. Daher behandelt diese Dissertation die
Zusammenhänge zwischen NSE, BMI, GMV und Alter. Darüber hinaus wurde die
Assoziation zwischen dem weiteren Biomarker BDNF sowie Vitamin D und
Adipositas untersucht. Die Daten wurden im Rahmen der SHIP-Studie in einer
Teilstichprobe (SHIP-TREND) erhoben.
Es zeigten sich altersabhängig geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der NSE-
Spiegel. Während bei Frauen die NSE-Werte im Alter anstiegen, sanken sie bei
Männern. Zwischen NSE-Werten und BMI fand sich eine parabolische Assoziation
mit fallenden NSE-Werten ab einem BMI ≥25 kg/m². Kein Zusammenhang fand sich
zwischen NSE und GMV, Alter und magnetresonanz-tomographischen Mustern der
Gehirnalterung. Zwischen Vitamin D und Adipositas fand sich eine inverse
Assoziation, zwischen BDNF und der WHR ein U-förmiger Zusammenhang. Als
zugrunde liegende Pathomechanismen werden geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede
der Hirnalterung, neuronale Degeneration, Veränderungen des neuronalen
Glukosemetabolismus und der neuronalen Differenzierung sowie Neuroinflammation
diskutiert.
Im Einklang mit der aktuellen Studienlage kann im Frühstadium von Adipositas eine
akute neuronale Schädigung angenommen werden. Jedoch scheint das
Fortschreiten und Andauern von Adipositas tiefgreifende Veränderungen durch das
überschüssige Körperfett anzustoßen, die sich auf neuronaler Ebene manifestieren.
Weitere Studien zur Evaluierung von Biomarkern bei Adipositas sind nötig, um
klinisch wirksame Handlungsstrategien entwickeln zu können.
Die zukünftige Erfassung von Biomarkern bei Adipositas im klinischen Alltag könnte
so die Therapieadhärenz von Patienten verbessern und durch gezielte Interventionen
bei Risikopatienten ein Fortschreiten neuronaler Schäden verhindern.
Background: Depression and obesity are widespread and closely linked. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vitamin D are both assumed to be associated with depression and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between vitamin D and BDNF. We explored the putative associations and interactions between serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend (n = 3,926). The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire) were assessed with binary and multinomial logistic regression models. The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with obesity (measured by the waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were assessed with binary logistic and linear regression models with restricted cubic splines. Results: Logistic regression models revealed inverse associations of vitamin D with depression (OR = 0.966; 95% CI 0.951–0.981) and obesity (OR = 0.976; 95% CI 0.967–0.985). No linear association of serum BDNF with depression or obesity was found. However, linear regression models revealed a U-shaped association of BDNF with WHR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D was inversely associated with depression and obesity. BDNF was associated with abdominal obesity, but not with depression. At the population level, our results support the relevant roles of vitamin D and BDNF in mental and physical health-related outcomes.
(1) Background: COVID-19 is often associated with significant long-term symptoms and disability, i.e., the long/post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Even after presumably mild COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of patients seek medical help for these long-term sequelae, which can affect various organ systems. The pathogenesis of PCS is not yet understood. Therapy has so far been limited to symptomatic treatment. The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study (PoCoRe) aims to follow and deeply phenotype outpatients with PCS in the long term, taking a holistic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of their symptoms, signs and biomarkers. (2) Methods: Post-COVID outpatients are screened for symptoms in different organ systems with a standardized medical history, clinical examination, various questionnaires as well as physical and cardiopulmonary function tests. In addition, biomaterials are collected for the analysis of immunomodulators, cytokines, chemokines, proteome patterns as well as specific (auto)antibodies. Patients are treated according to their individual needs, adhering to the current standard of care. PoCoRe’s overall aim is to optimize diagnostics and therapy in PCS patients.