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Unter Verwendung der Basiserhebung der Daten der Study of Health in Pomerania wurden mit dem Alter, dem Geschlecht, der lebenslangen Rauchexposition und der Exposition gegenüber endogenen und exogenen weiblichen Sexualhormonen wichtige Risikofaktoren der Non Hodgkin Lymphome mittels multivariabler Verfahren in Bezug auf die t(14;18) Translokation quantitativ untersucht. Wir fanden einen kurvilinearen Trend der t(14;18) Prävalenz mit steigendem Alter mit einem Maximum in der Altersgruppe 50-59 Jahre sowohl bei Männern als auch bei Frauen. Männer zeigten in allen Altersgruppen eine höhere t(14;18) Prävalenz. Für Rauchen konnte in alters- und geschlechtsadjustierten Modellen keine Risikoerhöhung ermittelt werden. Die Analysen beschränkt auf Frauen zeigten ebenso keinen Zusammenhang für die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften oder Menopausentyp mit der Prävalenz der t(14;18) Translokation. Bei der t(14;18) Frequenz hingegen konnten in den altersadjustierten Modellen signifikante Assoziationen mit lebenslanger Exposition von oralen Kontrazeptiva beobachtet werden. Im multivariablen Model waren die Risikoschätzer für induzierte Menopause und jemals Einnahme von oralen Kontrazeptiva und Menopausaler Hormontherapie signifikant erhöht. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass die exogene Hormoneinnahme ein Risikofaktor für die t(14;18) Frequenz ist, nicht jedoch für die t(14;18) Prävalenz. Roulland et al. (J Clin Oncol 2014) publizierten, dass der Nachweis von t(14;18)-positiven Zellen in gesunden Individuen einen repräsentativen Biomarker für ein Follikuläres Lymphom darstellen. Zukünftige Forschung sollte darauf abzielen, die besonders gefährdeten Personen und die zusätzlich notwendigen molekularen oder immunologischen Ereignisse zu identifizieren, die letztlich zur Transformation von t(14;18)-positiven Zellen in eine maligne Lymphom-Zelle führen. Ein vielversprechender Ausgangspunkt könnte eine systematische prospektive Follow-up Untersuchung von gesunden t(14;18)-positiven Individuen sein. Weitere molekulare oder Umweltereignisse sollten verfolgt und ihr jeweiliger Einfluss hinsichtlich der Entwicklung eines klinischen Follikulären Lymphoms oder Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoms quantifiziert werden. Daraus könnten sich mögliche klinische Anwendungen wie z. B. eine Risikostratifikation, ein erweitertes Monitoring und die Entwicklung einer frühzeitigen Intervention ableiten lassen.
Background: Securing future blood supply is a major issue of transfusion safety. In this prospective 10-year longitudinal study we enrolled all blood donation services and hospitals of the federal state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Methods and Results: From 2005 to 2015 (time period with major demographic effects), whole blood donation numbers declined by 18%. In male donors this paralleled the demographic change, while donation rates of females declined 12.4% more than expected from demography. In parallel, red cell transfusion rates/1,000 population decreased from 2005 to 2015 from 56 to 51 (-8.4%), primarily due to less transfusions in patients >60 years. However, the transfusion demand declined much less than blood donation numbers: -13.5% versus -18%, and the population >65 years (highest transfusion demand) will further increase. The key question is whether the decline in transfusion demand observed over the previous years will further continue, hereby compensating for reduced blood donation numbers due to the demographic change. The population structure of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania reflects all Eastern German federal states, while the Western German federal states will reach similar ratios of age groups 18-64 years / ≥65 years about 10 years later. Conclusions: Regular monitoring of age- and sex-specific donation and transfusion data is urgently required to allow transfusion services strategic planning for securing future blood supply.
Background: Annual transfusion rates in many European countries range between 25 and 35 red blood cell concentrates (RBCs)/1,000 population.It is unclear why transfusion rates in Germany are considerably higher (approx. 50–55 RBCs/1,000 population). Methods: We assessed the characteristics of transfusion recipients at all hospitals of the German federal state Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania during a 10-year longitudinal study. Results: Although 75% of patients received ≤4 RBCs/patient in 2015 (1 RBC: 11.3%; 2 RBCs: 42.6%; 3 RBCs: 6.3%; 4 RBCs: 15.0%), the mean transfusion index was 4.6 RBCs due to a minority of patients with a high transfusion demand. Two thirds of all RBCs were transfused to only 25% of RBC recipients. Consistently, male patients received a higher number of RBCs (2005: 54.2%; 2015: 56.8%) and had a higher mean transfusion index than female patients (mean 5.1 ± 7.2; median 2; inter-quartile range [IQR] 2–4 vs. mean 4.0 ± 5.8; median 2; IQR 2–4). The absolute transfusion demand decreased between 2005 and 2015 by 13.5% due to a composite of active reduction (clinical practice change) and population decline in the 65- to 75-year age group (lower birth rate cohort 1940–1950); however, with major differences between hospitals (range from –61.0 to +41.4%). Conclusion: Transfusion demand in a population could largely be driven by patients with high transfusion demand. Different treatment practices in this group of patients probably add to the major differences in transfusion demand per 1,000 individuals between countries. The available data cannot prove this hypothesis. Implementation of a diagnosis-related group-based monitoring system is urgently needed to allow informative monitoring on the population level and meaningful comparisons between transfusion practices.
The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) is one of the German Centres for Health Research and aims to conduct early and guideline-relevant studies to develop new therapies and diagnostics that impact the lives of people with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, DZHK members designed a collaboratively organised and integrated research platform connecting all sites and partners. The overarching objectives of the research platform are the standardisation of prospective data and biological sample collections among all studies and the development of a sustainable centrally standardised storage in compliance with general legal regulations and the FAIR principles. The main elements of the DZHK infrastructure are web-based and central units for data management, LIMS, IDMS, and transfer office, embedded in a framework consisting of the DZHK Use and Access Policy, and the Ethics and Data Protection Concept. This framework is characterised by a modular design allowing a high standardisation across all studies. For studies that require even tighter criteria additional quality levels are defined. In addition, the Public Open Data strategy is an important focus of DZHK. The DZHK operates as one legal entity holding all rights of data and biological sample usage, according to the DZHK Use and Access Policy. All DZHK studies collect a basic set of data and biosamples, accompanied by specific clinical and imaging data and biobanking. The DZHK infrastructure was constructed by scientists with the focus on the needs of scientists conducting clinical studies. Through this, the DZHK enables the interdisciplinary and multiple use of data and biological samples by scientists inside and outside the DZHK. So far, 27 DZHK studies recruited well over 11,200 participants suffering from major cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction or heart failure. Currently, data and samples of five DZHK studies of the DZHK Heart Bank can be applied for.
Introduction: Germany has established a national mammography screening program (MSP). Despite extensive awareness campaigns, the participation rate is only 54%, which is considerably below the European guidelines’ recommendation of at least 70%. Several reasons why women do not participate are already known. Telephone consultations along with invitation letters have improved the participation rate. Here, we analyzed the reasons for non-participation and offered barrier-specific counseling to examine which impediments can be overcome to improve participation. Study Design: In a randomized controlled trial, women who had not attended their proposed screening appointment in the MSP after a written invitation were contacted by telephone and asked why they did not attend. Barrier-specific counseling via telephone was then offered. Participation in the MSP was rechecked 3 months after counseling. Setting: 1772 women, aged 50–69 years, who had not scheduled a mammography screening after a written invitation were contacted by telephone and asked for their reasons for non-participation. Intervention: The reasons were recorded by the calling consultant and categorized either during the call or later based on their recorded statements. Afterward, the women received counseling specific to their statements and were given general information about the MSP. Main outcome measures: We categorized the reasons given, calculated their frequency, and analyzed the probabilities to which they could be successfully addressed in individual counseling. Participation rates were determined post-consultation according to the reason(s) indicated. Results: The data were analyzed in 2022. After exclusions, 1494 records were analyzed. Allowing for multiple reasons to be stated by every individual 3280 reasons for not attending were abstracted. The most frequent reason was participation in “gray screening” (51.5%), which included various breast cancer prevention measures outside the national MSP. Time problems (26.6%) and health reasons (17.3%) were also important. Counseling was most effective when women had not participated for scheduling reasons. Conclusion: Several reasons prevented women from participating in the MSP. Some reasons, such as time-related issues, could be overcome by telephone counseling, but others, like barriers resulting from fear of the examination procedure or its result, could not.