Refine
Document Type
- Article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (4)
Keywords
Publisher
- MDPI (1)
- Springer Nature (1)
- Xia & He Publishing (1)
Bei der Entstehung des hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) nimmt das metabolische Syndrom zunehmend einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor ein. In diesem Zusammenhang konnte ein von F. Dombrowski et al. entwickeltes Tiermodell darstellen, dass nach intraportaler Pankreasinseltransplantation durch erhöhte Insulin- und Glukosekonzentrationen sehr frühe präneoplastische Läsionen in der Leber entstehen, die sich zu hepatozellulären Karzinomen weiterentwickelt haben. Dieses hormonelle Karzinogenesemodell konnte von S. Ribback et al. bereits erfolgreich auf die Maus übertragen und mit einem ChREBP-Knockoutmodell erweitert werden.
In meiner Arbeit sollte die Häufigkeit dieser Leberherde im Mausmodell erhöht werden, um deren Signifikanz in der experimentellen Hepatokarzinogenese ermitteln zu können.
Es konnte in dieser Arbeit eine präoperative subkutane Insulinbehandlung etabliert werden, um den Blutzucker innerhalb von fünf Tagen bei diabetischen WT- (C57BL/6J) und ChREBP-KO-Mäusen auf normoglykäme Werte zu halten. Das Ziel, die Häufigkeit präneoplastischer CCF in der Leber bei den WT-Mäusen zu erhöhen, konnte jedoch mit der subkutanen Insulintherapie nicht erreicht werden. Des Weiteren stellte sich die subkutane Insulintherapie aufgrund starker Blutzuckerschwankungen als eine ungeeignete Behandlungsmethode dar.
Durch die Behandlung mit Insulinsticks konnte jedoch der Blutzuckerspiegel auf konstante Werte eingestellt werden. Damit konnte eine geeignete Methode gefunden werden, um die diabetischen Komplikationen für spätere Langzeitversuche zu minimieren und ein langes Überleben der Versuchstiere zu gewährleisten.
In der Leber diabetischer ChREBP-KO-Mäuse entstanden spontane glykogenotische Veränderungen, die zuvor in dieser Form noch nicht beschrieben wurden, von kleinen herdförmigen Glykogenspeicherherden bis hin zu einer diffusen Glykogenose der Leber. Innerhalb dieser diffusen Glykogenose bestand eine leichte steatohepatitis-ähnliche Entzündung und es konnte eine gesteigerte Proliferationsaktivität nachgewiesen werden, was eine Tumorentstehung begünstigen könnte. ChREBP könnte daher, neben seinen bislang nachgewiesenen protoonkogenen Eigenschaften, auch tumorsuppressive Funktionen in der Leber haben.
The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) is one of the German Centres for Health Research and aims to conduct early and guideline-relevant studies to develop new therapies and diagnostics that impact the lives of people with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, DZHK members designed a collaboratively organised and integrated research platform connecting all sites and partners. The overarching objectives of the research platform are the standardisation of prospective data and biological sample collections among all studies and the development of a sustainable centrally standardised storage in compliance with general legal regulations and the FAIR principles. The main elements of the DZHK infrastructure are web-based and central units for data management, LIMS, IDMS, and transfer office, embedded in a framework consisting of the DZHK Use and Access Policy, and the Ethics and Data Protection Concept. This framework is characterised by a modular design allowing a high standardisation across all studies. For studies that require even tighter criteria additional quality levels are defined. In addition, the Public Open Data strategy is an important focus of DZHK. The DZHK operates as one legal entity holding all rights of data and biological sample usage, according to the DZHK Use and Access Policy. All DZHK studies collect a basic set of data and biosamples, accompanied by specific clinical and imaging data and biobanking. The DZHK infrastructure was constructed by scientists with the focus on the needs of scientists conducting clinical studies. Through this, the DZHK enables the interdisciplinary and multiple use of data and biological samples by scientists inside and outside the DZHK. So far, 27 DZHK studies recruited well over 11,200 participants suffering from major cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction or heart failure. Currently, data and samples of five DZHK studies of the DZHK Heart Bank can be applied for.
Background and Aims
Hepatocellular ballooning is a common finding in chronic liver disease, mainly characterized by rarefied cytoplasm that often contains Mallory-Denk bodies (MDB). Ballooning has mostly been attributed to degeneration but its striking resemblance to glycogenotic/steatotic changes characterizing preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions in animal models and chronic human liver diseases prompts the question whether ballooned hepatocytes (BH) are damaged cells on the path to death or rather viable cells, possibly involved in neoplastic development.
Methods
Using specimens from 96 cirrhotic human livers, BH characteristics were assessed for their glycogen/lipid stores, enzyme activities, and proto-oncogenic signaling cascades by enzyme- and immunohistochemical approaches with serial paraffin and cryostat sections.
Results
BH were present in 43.8% of cirrhotic livers. Particularly pronounced excess glycogen storage of (glycogenosis) and/or lipids (steatosis) were characteristic, ground glass features and MDB were often observed. Decreased glucose-6-phosphatase, increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and altered immunoreactivity of enzymes involved in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and cholesterol biosynthesis were discovered. Furthermore, components of the insulin signaling cascade were upregulated along with insulin dependent glucose transporter glucose transporter 4 and the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway associated with de novo lipogenesis.
Conclusions
BH are hallmarked by particularly pronounced glycogenosis with facultative steatosis, many of their features being reminiscent of metabolic aberrations documented in preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions in experimental animals and chronic human liver diseases. Hence, BH are not damaged entities facing death but rather viable cells featuring metabolic reprogramming, indicative of a preneoplastic nature.