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Background: Depression and obesity are widespread and closely linked. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vitamin D are both assumed to be associated with depression and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between vitamin D and BDNF. We explored the putative associations and interactions between serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend (n = 3,926). The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire) were assessed with binary and multinomial logistic regression models. The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with obesity (measured by the waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were assessed with binary logistic and linear regression models with restricted cubic splines. Results: Logistic regression models revealed inverse associations of vitamin D with depression (OR = 0.966; 95% CI 0.951–0.981) and obesity (OR = 0.976; 95% CI 0.967–0.985). No linear association of serum BDNF with depression or obesity was found. However, linear regression models revealed a U-shaped association of BDNF with WHR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D was inversely associated with depression and obesity. BDNF was associated with abdominal obesity, but not with depression. At the population level, our results support the relevant roles of vitamin D and BDNF in mental and physical health-related outcomes.
Background: Depression and obesity are widespread and closely linked. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vitamin D are both assumed to be associated with depression and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between vitamin D and BDNF. We explored the putative associations and interactions between serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend (n = 3,926). The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire) were assessed with binary and multinomial logistic regression models. The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with obesity (measured by the waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were assessed with binary logistic and linear regression models with restricted cubic splines. Results: Logistic regression models revealed inverse associations of vitamin D with depression (OR = 0.966; 95% CI 0.951–0.981) and obesity (OR = 0.976; 95% CI 0.967–0.985). No linear association of serum BDNF with depression or obesity was found. However, linear regression models revealed a U-shaped association of BDNF with WHR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D was inversely associated with depression and obesity. BDNF was associated with abdominal obesity, but not with depression. At the population level, our results support the relevant roles of vitamin D and BDNF in mental and physical health-related outcomes.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Assoziationen von Sexualhormonen und anthropometrischen Parametern bei Frauen und Männern aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung zu untersuchen.
Studiendesign und Methodik
Es wurden Querschnittsdaten von 957 Frauen und Männern aus der bevölkerungsbasierten Gesundheitsstudie in Pommern „Study of Health in Pomerania“ (SHIP) verwendet. Assoziationen von Sexualhormonen mit physischen, laborchemischen und bildgebenden Parametern der Anthropometrie wurden in multivariablen Regressionsmodellen für die gesamte Stichprobe analysiert und nach Geschlecht stratifiziert. Sexualhormonmessungen umfassten Gesamttestosteron (TT), freies Testosteron (fT), Estron und Estradiol, Androstendion (ASD), Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat (DHEAS) und Sexualhormon-bindendes Globulin (SHBG). Zu den anthropometrischen Parametern zählten Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Taillenumfang, Hüftumfang, Taille-zu-Höhe-Verhältnis und Taillen-Hüft-Verhältnis (WHR). Zu den Magnetresonanztomographie basierten Messgrößen zählten viszerales Fettgewebe und subkutanes Fettgewebe. Zu den laborchemisch bestimmten Fettgewebshormonen zählten Leptin und Vaspin.
Ergebnisse
Bei Männern wurden inverse Assoziationen zwischen allen berücksichtigten anthropometrischen Parametern mit TT gefunden: BMI (β-Koeffizient, Standardfehler (SE): -0,159, 0,037), Taillenumfang (β-Koeffizient, SE: -0,892, 0,292), subkutan Fettgewebe (β-Koeffizient, SE: -0,156, 0,023) und Leptin (β-Koeffizient, SE: -0,046, 0,009). Bei Frauen waren TT (β-Koeffizient, SE: 1,356, 0,615) und Estron (β-Koeffizient, SE: 0,014, 0,005) positiv mit dem BMI assoziiert. In Varianzanalysen waren BMI und Leptin bei Männern invers mit TT, ASD und DHEAS assoziiert, jedoch positiv mit Estron. Bei Frauen waren BMI und Leptin mit allen Sexualhormonen positiv assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung
Zusammenfassend bestätigte und erweiterte die vorliegende Arbeit die zuvor beschriebenen geschlechtsspezifischen Assoziationen zwischen Sexualhormonen und verschiedenen anthropometrischen Parametern für Übergewicht und Adipositas.