Refine
Document Type
- Article (2)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3)
Keywords
- - (1)
- Antibacterial host defense (1)
- Immunosuppression (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Interleukin-37 (1)
- Patient (1)
- Pneumococcal pneumonia (1)
- Versorgung (1)
Institute
Publisher
- AIP Publishing (1)
- S. Karger AG (1)
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe complications with excessive immune activation and tissue damage. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has gained importance as a suppressor of innate and acquired immunity, and its effects have been therapeutic as they prevent tissue damage in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. By using RAW macrophages, stably transfected with human IL-37, we showed a 70% decrease in the cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and a 2.2-fold reduction of the intracellular killing capacity of internalized pneumococci in response to pneumococcal infection. In a murine model of infection with S. pneumoniae, using mice transgenic for human IL-37b (IL-37tg), we observed an initial decrease in cytokine expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the lungs, followed by a late-phase enhancement of pneumococcal burden and subsequent increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, a marked increase in recruitment of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils was noted, while TRAIL mRNA was reduced 3-fold in lungs of IL-37tg mice, resulting in necrotizing pneumonia with augmented death of infiltrating neutrophils, enhanced bacteremic spread, and increased mortality. In conclusion, we have identified that IL-37 modulates several core components of a successful inflammatory response to pneumococcal pneumonia, which lead to increased inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality.
Durch die stetig fortschreitenden Möglichkeiten medizinischer Behandlung leben immer mehr Menschen in Deutschland nach einem Schädel-Hirn- Trauma oder einer hypoxischen Hirnschädigung im Zustand eines Wachkoma oder schwerster Beeinträchtigung der Hirnfunktion. Die Situation der z. T. am schwersten hirngeschädigten Patienten ist weitgehend ungeklärt. Bisher gibt es keine ausführliche Beschreibung der Betreuungsqualität von Wachkoma- und Langzeitpatienten in Deutschland. Der Betreuungsprozess lässt sich anhand der Qualitätskriterien Kompetenz, Gleichberechtigung, Transparenz, Kontinuität, Kooperation und Regelmäßigkeit in den Handlungsdimensionen Kultur, Struktur, Aufgabenstellung beschreiben. Es wurde untersucht, in welchem Maße sich die genannten Qualitätskriterien im 5 stationären Einrichtungen und 9 häuslichen Pflegesituationen in Nordrhein-Westfalen aus Sicht der Betreuer und der Angehörigen realisieren. Dabei kamen folgende Untersuchungsinstrumente zur Anwendung: teilstrukturierte Interviews und Dokumentationsanalysen, Koma Remissions-Skala (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurologisch-Neurochirurgische Frührehabilitation, 1993), Skala Expressive Kommunikation und Selbstaktualisierung (Zieger, 1999) Beschwerden-Liste (v. Zerssen, 1976), Häusliche Pflegeskala (Gräßel/Leutbecher, 1993). Auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Ergebnisse ist es möglich, die Betreuungsqualität von Einrichtungen differenziert zu beschreiben. Neben deskriptiven Ergebnissen werden Implementationen für weitere Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen diskutiert und ein Auditinstrument vorgestellt.
In our study, we determine the alignment of magnetic domains in a CoFeB layer using THz radiation. We generate THz pulses by fs laser pulses in magnetized CoFeB/Pt heterostructures based on spin currents. An LT-GaAs Auston switch detects the radiation phase sensitively and allows us to determine the magnetization alignment. Our scanning technique with motorized stages, with step sizes in the sub-micrometer range, allows us to image two dimensional magnetic structures. Theoretically, the resolution is restricted to half of the wavelength if focusing optics in the far-field limit are used. By applying near-field imaging, the spatial resolution is enhanced to the single digit micrometer range. For this purpose, spintronic emitters in diverse geometric shapes, e.g., circles, triangles, squares, and sizes are prepared to observe the formation of magnetization patterns. The alignment of the emitted THz radiation can be influenced by applying unidirectional external magnetic fields. We demonstrate how magnetic domains with opposite alignment and different shapes divided by domain walls are created by demagnetizing the patterns using minor loops and imaged using phase sensitive THz radiation detection. For analysis, the data are compared to Kerr microscope images. The possibility of combining this method with THz range spectroscopic information of magnetic texture or antiferromagnets in direct vicinity to the spintronic emitter makes this detection method interesting for a much wider range of applications probing THz excitation in spin systems with high resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit, limited solely by the laser excitation area.