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The aim of this study has twofold. First, to investigate characteristics of paediatric patients seeking emergency dental care and the according treatment in a specialised dental service. The second aim, to propose a data-based guidance for management of dental emergency in children including pain management without traumatizing the child and with a clear differentiation of dental emergency patients. Records of the demographic and clinical characteristics of 332 children (mean age 8.2 ±4.2 years) who attended the Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry at the University of Greifswald in 2018 without an appointment seeking emergency dental care were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Based on the data a proposal for management of emergency/pain patients was performed. Pain patients were high caries risk children (mean: 4.59 ±3.65 dmft, 1.65 ±2.73 DMFT). The main clinical diagnoses of pain patients in all different age groups were dental caries and caries-related complications such as reversible and irreversible pulpitis or periapical periodontitis (63.6%), while dental trauma contributed (8.4%). In general, the most frequent treatment was extraction (41.0%), most of these extractions needed to be rendered under either nitrous oxide sedation or general anaesthesia (57.3%). This study has shown a clear association between the dental emergency management plan (delay of the dental treatment) and other factors such as, the required treatment (invasive or not invasive) P < 0.05, the need of sedation P < 0.05 and child’s previous dental experience (first visit to the dental clinic) P < 0.001. Most of the extraction procedures were not rendered immediately in the emergency/pain visit, rather they were delayed to be performed in the next treatment session (70%), with the majority of these procedures planned to be rendered under sedation. On the other hand, most of the restorations (65.5%) were performed in the emergency/pain visit, with need of sedation for only (8.3%) of these procedures. In addition, the majority of treatments of children who were visiting the dental clinic for the first time were postponed (71.6%; n=63). The correlation analysis shows a higher tendency to postpone the treatment when the required treatment is invasive, need to be rendered under sedation or when it was the child’s first visit to the dental clinic. These findings indicate the strong impact of child’s cooperation on the emergency management plan. Based on these data the guidance for management of peadiatric dental emergency patients was developed including pain management without causing negative affect of the child’s future cooperation

Abstract Background: Behavior management techniques (BMT) are essential in order to achieve a successful dental treatment with a minimum amount of stress in paediatric dentistry, but parents are not equally accepting different advanced BMT. Purpose: To investigate the differences in parental acceptance of advanced behavior management techniques between University of Greifswald/Germany and Jordan University/Jordan. Methods: Parents of the children treated in the pedodontic departments at the University of Greifswald/Germany and Jordan University/Jordan rated their acceptance level of four advanced behavior management techniques (passive restraint, active restraint, nitrous oxide sedation and general anesthesia) for normal treatment, and for urgent treatment using a five points Likert scale. 200 parents (100 in each university) completed the questionnaire forms for analysis. Results: Nitrous oxide sedation was rated the most accepted technique in Greifswald and Jordan (mean 3.78±1.34; 3.22±1.50, respectively). The least acceptable technique in Greifswald was passive restraint (2.05±1.18) and in Jordan general anesthesia (2.11±1.30). The parents in Greifswald are significantly more accepting nitrous oxide sedation than parents in Jordan (p=0.010), while parents in Jordan are significantly more willing to accept passive restraint (p=0.001). The acceptance of all advanced behavior management techniques increased significantly in both groups when the treatment is urgent (p≤0.05), Conclusions: Parental culture and the urgency of the treatment affect the acceptance to different behavior management techniques. Moreover, the parental attitude to the pharmacological technique has changed, as nitrous oxide sedation generally appears to be the most preferred advanced technique in both groups.

Hintergrund Die stetig steigende Anzahl von akademischen Veröffentlichungen macht es zunehmend schwierig, Publikationen zu identifizieren, welche die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse repräsentieren und es ermöglichen, auf dem neuesten Stand der Forschung und evidenzbasierter Behandlungsempfehlungen zu bleiben. Ziel Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Suchstrategien und Auswahlpräferenzen zu untersuchen, die verschiedene akademisch tätigen Zahnärzte bei der Auswahl der fünf bedeutendsten Publikationen aus dem Jahres 2016 im Fachgebiet der Kinderzahnheilkunde verwendeten. Design Die fünf an der Studie teilnehmenden Zahnärzte wurden gebeten, ohne untereinander darüber zu kommunizieren, die Datenbanken PubMed, Google Scholar und Livivo zu durchsuchen. Zudem sollten sie dabei ihre individuelle Suchstrategie dokumentieren. Die Aus-wahlkriterien wurden anschließend gemäß einer 10-Punkte-Checkliste evaluiert. Der Evidenzlevel der identifizierten Publikationen wurde anschließend gemäß ihrer Publikationsart bewertet. Ergebnisse Alle Studienteilnehmer wählten unterschiedliche Publikationen ohne Überschneidungen aus. Alle von ihnen ausgewählten Publikationen waren Zeitschriftenartikel. Neunzehn Artikel wurden in der Datenbank PubMed identifiziert, jeweils drei Artikel wurden in Google Scholar und Livivo gefunden. Die Relevanz des Artikels für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung war das wichtigste Kriterium bei der Auswahl durch die Teilnehmer. Fazit Die persönlichen Interessen und Fachgebiete der Kliniker beeinflussten die Auswahl der Zeitschriftenartikel in erheblichem Maße. Dies könnte die interindividuelle Variabilität der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Ansätze erklären, die bei Zahnärzten beobachtet wer-den kann, und trägt wahrscheinlich zu einer Verbreiterung des Wissenspools bei. Dies wird jedoch richtigerweise durch evidenzbasierte Behandlungsempfehlungen komplementiert, was die Qualität der Behandlung überregional sicherstellt.

Primary tooth trauma occurs commonly during the development of motor coordination. Its consequences do not only affect the traumatized primary tooth but may affect the underlying permanent successor as well. Its management may involve very high costs on patients and insurance companies and complicated injuries can have negative effects on the quality of life of preschool children. Investigating the causes and patterns of trauma in primary teeth are highly needed to aim for preventive measures. This retrospective study compared the patterns of dental trauma injuries at the trauma center at Greifswald University/Germany for a recent pediatric cohort (2014-16, 103 children) with a historic one before the German unification and the health care system reformation (1974-1989, n=120). The data contained details on etiology, injury types and treatment delivered for 450 injured teeth (247 historic, 203 recent). In both cohorts, the occurrence was more common in males than females (63%/55%, resp.) with an age peak from 2 to 6 years. Maxillary incisors were most affected (89.6%/88.6%, resp.) and periodontal ligament injuries dominated (77.8%/90.3%, resp.). Almost half of the injuries occurred at home (46.6%), mostly due to falling (48.5%) or during playing (37.8%) in the recent pediatric cohort which provided better forensic data due to insurance issues and potential concern about child abuse. Advice and follow up was the most common approach in the recent pediatric cohort (76%). Trauma patterns in the primary dentition seem to be rather universal due to the activities of small children and their anatomic conditions. Trauma to primary dentition occurred mostly at home or in the nurseries and possibly is hard to avoid due to falls or accidents during normal playing. Even after 30 years and a change in the health care system due to German unification, the patterns remain similar. 2