Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie
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- periacetabular osteotomy (3)
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Introduction
Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a common procedure used to treat patients with patellofemoral instability (PFI) and osteoarthritis (PFOA). Medial patellar maltracking due to previous excessive medialization of the tibial tubercle has rarely been reported. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after revision osteotomy with lateralization of the tibial tubercle (RL-TTO) to correct medial patellofemoral maltracking.
Materials and methods
Between 2017 and 2021, a series of 11 patients (male/female 1/10; age 35.8 ± 10.5 years) were treated by RL-TTO, of whom 8 patients could be retrospectively evaluated after a mean of 32.4 ± 15.1 months (range 18–61 months) postoperatively. The Kujala anterior knee pain scale, the patellofemoral subscale of the Knee Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score (KOOS-PF), and a numeric analog scale (NAS; 0–10) regarding anterior knee pain (AKP) at rest and during activity were assessed from pre- to postoperatively.
Results
The preoperative mean tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) and tibial tubercle-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distances were − 6.5 ± 6.5 mm and 0.7 ± 4.6 mm, respectively. The intraoperatively determined amount of tibial tubercle lateralization averaged 10.7 ± 3.6 mm. The Kujala score and KOOS-PF improved significantly from 33.6 ± 10.1 (23–51) points to 94.4 ± 6.2 points (82–100) (p < 0.001) and from 20.6 ± 13.2 points (0–43.3) to 87.3 ± 9.9 points (72.8–100) (p < 0.001) from pre- to postoperatively, respectively. Pain at rest decreased from 5.8 ± 1.9 to 0.8 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001), and pain during activity decreased from 8.6 ± 1.3 to 1.6 ± 1.5 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
RL-TTO significantly improved subjective knee function and AKP in patients suffering from medial patellar maltracking due to previous excessive tibial tubercle medialization osteotomy at short-term follow-up.
Operationsziel
Durchführung einer periazetabulären Osteotomie (PAO) über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang zur dreidimensionalen Korrektur der Orientierung der Hüftgelenkpfanne.
Indikationen
Symptomatische Hüftdysplasie in der Adoleszenz nach dem Schluss der Y‑Wachstumsfuge und beim Erwachsenen.
Kontraindikationen
Fortgeschrittene Arthrose (Arthrosegrad ≥ 2 nach Tönnis), präformierte Sekundärpfanne, offene Y‑Wachstumsfuge.
Operationstechnik
Über einen minimal-invasiven Zugang wird eine periazetabuläre Osteotomie durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 39 Patienten über 3,5 (3 bis 4,5) Jahre nachbeobachtet. Der laterale Centrum-Erker-Winkel nach Wiberg konnte signifikant von 16,1° (7–24°) auf 30,5° (25–37°) (p < 0,0001), der Tragflächenwinkel von 13,2° (2–25,3°) auf 2,8° (−3–13°) (p < 0,0001) korrigiert werden. Die mittlere Operationszeit betrug 88 (57 bis 142) Minuten. Es traten keine schweren Komplikationen auf.
Particles released from cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are considered common elicitors of chronic inflammatory adverse effects. There is a lack of data demonstrating particle numbers, size distribution and elemental composition of bone marrow resident particles which would allow for implementation of clinically relevant test strategies in bone marrow models at different degrees of exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate metal particle exposure in human periprosthetic bone marrow of three types of arthroplasty implants. Periprosthetic bone marrow sections from eight patients exposed to CoCrMo particles were analyzed via spatially resolved and synchrotron-based nanoscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging. These analyses revealed lognormal particle size distribution patterns predominantly towards the nanoscale. Analyses of particle numbers and normalization to bone marrow volume and bone marrow cell number indicated particle concentrations of up to 1 × 1011 particles/ml bone marrow or 2 × 104 particles/bone marrow cell, respectively. Analyses of elemental ratios of CoCrMo particles showed that particularly the particles’ Co content depends on particle size. The obtained data point towards Co release from arthroprosthetic particles in the course of dealloying and degradation processes of larger particles within periprosthetic bone marrow. This is the first study providing data based on metal particle analyses to be used for future in vitro and in vivo studies of possible toxic effects in human bone marrow following exposure to arthroprosthetic CoCrMo particles of different concentration, size, and elemental composition.
Background
The outcomes of hematogenous periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and reasons for failure are largely unknown.
Methods
The outcomes of consecutive patients with hematogenous PJI treated at our institution between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. Failure was classified as persistence or relapse of infection or new infection. Failure-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Proportions between groups were compared with the Fisher exact test.
Results
One hundred thirty-two hematogenous PJI episodes involving knee (n = 76), hip (n = 54), shoulder (n = 1), or elbow (n = 1) prostheses experienced by 110 patients were included. The median follow-up (range) was 20.7 (0.2–89.9) months. Hematogenous PJIs were caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 49), Streptococcus spp. (n = 36), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 17), Enterobacterales (n = 16), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 9), and other (n = 6). Debridement and implant retention were performed in 50 (38%), prosthesis exchange or removal in 79 (60%), and no surgery in 3 episodes (2%). Treatment failed in 42 episodes (32%), including 6 infection-related deaths. Among 36 nonfatal failures, 21 were caused by a new pathogen and 8 by the same pathogen, in 7 episodes no pathogen was isolated. Of all nonfatal failures, 19 (53%) PJIs were of hematogenous origin. Identification of the primary focus, causative pathogen, and CRIME80 Score did not influence treatment outcome, but the failure rate was higher following prosthesis retention compared with multistage exchange.
Conclusions
Persistence-/relapse-free survival after treatment of hematogenous PJI was high (84%). New hematogenous PJI due to the same or a new pathogen occurred frequently, reducing treatment success to 62% after 4 years of follow-up, suggesting an individual predisposition to hematogenous PJI. The outcome was similar for different pathogens but worse in episodes treated with prosthesis retention compared with multistage exchange.
Recently, there was a debate about whether borderline dysplastic hips should be treated surgically with hip arthroscopy or periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Current studies recommend a classification into stable and unstable hips. Therefore, radiological scores have been described in recent years. Likewise, a new clinical stability test with the Prone Apprehension Relocation Test (PART) has been described. However, there has been no correlation between the modern radiological scores and the PART. We prospectively studied a consecutive group of patients who presented to our clinic. The PART and radiological scores were assessed in these patients. We divided the patients into a PART-positive and a PART-negative group and analyzed the associated clinical and radiological findings. Out of 126 patients (126 hips) included, 36 hips (29%) were evaluated as PART positive. There were significantly more females in the PART positive group (P = 0.005). Comparing the PART groups, significant differences (P < 0.0001) were found for the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index, Gothic arch angle (GAA), anterior wall index (AWI), the occurrence of the upsloping lateral sourcil (ULS) and signs of acetabular retroversion. The correlation analysis showed an association between LCEA, FEAR index, GAA, AWI, ULS and the PART. A chi-square automatic interaction detection algorithm revealed that the strongest predictor of positive PART was the GAA. In conclusion, a high correlation between the PART and known radiological instability parameters was found. Consequently, a combination of clinical instability testing and radiological instability parameters should be applied to detect unstable hips.
Hintergrund: Chronischer Rückenschmerz ist weiterhin eine sozioökonomische Herausforderung. Die Rentenversicherung hat zur
Behandlung dieser Erkrankung Rehabilitationsstandards erstellt. Die Ergebnisse einer orthopädischen Rehabilitation objektiv darzustellen ist bisher kaum gelungen, daher wird in dieser Studie mit Hilfe des Messinstrumentes Spineliner der Versuch unternommen, dies umzusetzen.
Material und Methoden: Der Spineliner ist ein Instrument zur Erfassung von u.a. des Gewebewiderstandes. Dieser Parameter wurde in dieser Studie als objektivierbarer Messparameter zur Erfassung
von Therapieeffekten bei der Behandlung chronischer
Rückenschmerzpatient*innen untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Intra - und Interraterreabilität wurden Messungen zu (zwei
unterschiedlichen) Zeitpunkten bei zwei Gruppen gesunder Personen (n=15 und n=16) von zwei unterschiedlichen Untersuchern durchgeführt. Die Erhebung der Messwerte des Gewebewiderstandes erfolgte an 24 Punkten entlang der Wirbelsäule (7 HWS, 12 BWS und
5 LWS) und die Erfassung der klinischen Daten der Studie (bspw. BMI, FBA) erfolgte prospektiv bei Aufnahme und nach drei Wochen bei Entlassung. Im Verlauf erhielten die Probanden (n = 80) Therapien gemäß den RehabilitationsTherapieStandards der Deutschen Rentenversicherung. Neben der ärztlichen Untersuchung wurden die Funktionsverbesserung, die Symptomlinderung i.S. der
Schmerzreduktion, sowie die Minderung der psychosozialen
Problemlage anhand standardisierter Fragebögen (bspw. UKS, FFbH,
ODI, NAS) zu Beginn und bei Abschluss der therapeutischen
Intervention erhoben. Die rückengesunden Kontrollen erhielten keine Therapie. Aufgrund des messtechnischen Verfahrens kam es innerhalb der beiden Gruppen zu Dropouts in den Messreihen, so dass sich die Zahlen von n = 80 in der Probandengruppe und n = 64 in der Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden. Als statistische Verfahren kamen der T-Test und die ANOVA zum Einsatz.
Ergebnis: Durch den Spineliner wurde eine signifikante Zunahme der Geweberesistenz (gemessen in Durometer) bei der Probandengruppe
nach Rehabilitation (t2) erfasst (p(HWS) = 1.594E-05, p(BWS)= 0.045
und p(LWS)= 0.005). Die klinischen Parameter zeigten sich ebenfalls
verbessert. Die Schmerzen zeigten sich nach erfolgter Therapie
signifikant reduziert. Dies zeigte sich u.a. anhand des NAS in Ruhe
mit einem p = 1.48E-09. Zusätzlich zeigten sich Probanden nach
erfolgter Rehabilitation deutlich beweglicher, welches sich bspw. bei
dem Finger-Boden-Abstand gemessen in cm mit einem p = 0.003
erfassen ließ. Die Minderung der psychosozialen Problemlage
evaluiert mittels UKS zeigt sich statistisch signifikant in der
Untersuchungsgruppe mit einem p = 1.596E-13. Die Verbesserung der
Funktionskapazität bei Alltagstätigkeiten zeigt sich mittels des FFbHs
mit einem p = 7.628E-0.5 und mittels des ODIs mit einem p =
2.556E-07.
Schlussfolgerung: In diesem Zusammenhang konnten wir zeigen, dass die RTS zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung hinsichtlich des körperlichen und psychischen Befindens der Patienten beitragen. Es konnte in der Studie gezeigt werden, dass der Parameter
Gewebewiderstand als objektivierbarer Messparameter geeignet ist, die o. g. Fragestellung zu beantworten. Der Spineliner scheint ein geeignetes Instrument zur Erfassung von objektiver
Rehabilitationsergebnissen zu sein.
Background: Administering intraoperative analgesia in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is challenging due to both the relevant surgical approach and osteotomies, which are associated with pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the transversus abdominis plane block (TAPb) on intraoperative opioid consumption and circulation parameters in PAO patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a two-group randomized-controlled trial involving 42 consecutive patients undergoing PAO for symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in our department. Patients assigned to the study group received an ultrasound-guided TAPb with 0.75% ropivacaine before the beginning of the surgery and after general anesthesia induction. Patients assigned to the control group did not receive a TAPb. General anesthesia was conducted according to a defined study protocol. The primary endpoint of the study was the intraoperative opioid consumption, measured in morphine equivalent dose (MED). Secondary endpoints were the assessment of intraoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), need for hypotension treatment, and length of hospital stay (LOHS). A total of 41 patients (n = 21 TAPb group, n = 20 control group) completed the study; of these, 33 were women (88.5%) and 8 were men (19.5%). The mean age at the time of surgery was 28 years (18–43, SD ± 7.4). All operations were performed by a single high-volume surgeon and all TAPb procedures were performed by a single experienced senior anesthesiologist. Results: We observed a significantly lower intraoperative opioid consumption in the TAPb group compared to the control group (930 vs. 1186 MED per kg bodyweight; p = 0.016). No significant differences were observed in the secondary outcome parameters. We observed no perioperative complications. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided TAPb significantly reduces intraoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing PAO.
We aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measures characterizing anterior, lateral, and posterior acetabular coverage on intraoperative fluoroscopic images compared to postoperative radiographs when performing periacetabular osteotomies (PAOs). A study involving 100 PAOs was initiated applying a standardized intraoperative imaging protocol. Coverage was determined by the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), the Tönnis angle (TA), and the anterior and posterior wall index (AWI, PWI). An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model was used to assess interrater (ICC (3,2)) and intrarater (ICC (2,1)) reliability. The ICC (2,2) between analyses obtained from intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiographs and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined and complemented by Bland–Altman analysis, the mean difference, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA). The ICCs were 0.849 for the LCEA (95% CI 0.783–0.896), 0.897 for the TA (95% CI 0.851–0.930), 0.864 for the AWI (95% CI 0.804–0.907), and 0.804 for the PWI (0.722–0.864). The assessed interrater reliability was excellent except for the AWI, which was graded good (ICC = 0.857, 95% CI 0.794–0.902). Interrater agreement was generally good and fair for the AWI (ICC = 0.715, 95% CI 0.603–0.780). For each postoperative radiograph, interrater reliability was good with ICCs ranging from 0.813 (TA) to 0.881 (PWI). Intrarater reliability was good for all measurements and excellent for the preoperative TA (ICC = 0.993, 95% CI 0.984–0.997) and PWI (ICC = 0.954, 95% CI 0.919–0.97). In summary, we confirm the validity and reliability of intraoperative fluoroscopy as an alternative imaging modality to radiography to evaluate acetabular fragment orientation during PAO. We affirm the LCEA and TA as precise measures for lateral head coverage, and show the suitability of the AWI and PWI to steadily assess acetabular version.
Cold physical plasma (CPP), a partially ionized gas that simultaneously generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is suggested to provide advantages in regenerative medicine. Intraoperative CPP therapy targeting pathologies related to diminished bone quality could be promising in orthopedic surgery. Assessment of a clinically approved plasma jet regarding cellular effects on primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) from relevant arthroplasty patient cohorts is needed to establish CPP-based therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration. Thus, the aim of this study was to derive biocompatible doses of CPP and subsequent evaluation of human primary hBM-MSCs’ osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential. Metabolic activity and cell proliferation were affected in a treatment-time-dependent manner. Morphometric high content imaging analyses revealed a decline in mitochondria and nuclei content and increased cytoskeletal compactness following CPP exposure. Employing a nontoxic exposure regime, investigation on osteogenic differentiation did not enhance osteogenic capacity of hBM-MSCs. Multiplex analysis of major hBM-MSC cytokines, chemokines and growth factors revealed an anti-inflammatory, promatrix-assembling and osteoclast-regulating secretion profile following CPP treatment and osteogenic stimulus. This study can be noted as the first in vitro study addressing the influence of CPP on hBM-MSCs from individual donors of an arthroplasty clientele.