Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (21)
- Doctoral Thesis (21)
Language
- English (42) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (42)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (42)
Keywords
- - (19)
- Caries (5)
- Karies (5)
- periodontitis (4)
- Caries epidemiology (3)
- Caries experience (3)
- Children (3)
- Germany (3)
- Caries index (2)
- Consensus (2)
Institute
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde (42)
- Institut für Community Medicine (1)
- Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie (1)
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (1)
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (1)
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie/Plastische Operationen (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (1)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (1)
Publisher
- S. Karger AG (12)
- SAGE Publications (3)
- MDPI (2)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (1)
- Hindawi (1)
- Wiley (1)
Abstract
Background: Behavior management techniques (BMT) are essential in order to
achieve a successful dental treatment with a minimum amount of stress in paediatric
dentistry, but parents are not equally accepting different advanced BMT.
Purpose: To investigate the differences in parental acceptance of advanced
behavior management techniques between University of Greifswald/Germany and
Jordan University/Jordan.
Methods: Parents of the children treated in the pedodontic departments at the
University of Greifswald/Germany and Jordan University/Jordan rated their
acceptance level of four advanced behavior management techniques (passive
restraint, active restraint, nitrous oxide sedation and general anesthesia) for normal
treatment, and for urgent treatment using a five points Likert scale. 200 parents (100
in each university) completed the questionnaire forms for analysis.
Results: Nitrous oxide sedation was rated the most accepted technique in
Greifswald and Jordan (mean 3.78±1.34; 3.22±1.50, respectively). The least
acceptable technique in Greifswald was passive restraint (2.05±1.18) and in Jordan
general anesthesia (2.11±1.30). The parents in Greifswald are significantly more
accepting nitrous oxide sedation than parents in Jordan (p=0.010), while parents in
Jordan are significantly more willing to accept passive restraint (p=0.001). The
acceptance of all advanced behavior management techniques increased significantly
in both groups when the treatment is urgent (p≤0.05),
Conclusions: Parental culture and the urgency of the treatment affect the
acceptance to different behavior management techniques. Moreover, the parental
attitude to the pharmacological technique has changed, as nitrous oxide sedation
generally appears to be the most preferred advanced technique in both groups.
National oral health survey on refugees in Germany 2016/2017: caries and subsequent complications
(2020)
Objectives To assess oral health, caries prevalence, and subsequent complications among recently arrived refugees in Germany and to ompare these findings with the German resident population. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 544 refugees aged 3–75+ years; they were examined at ten registration institutions in four federal states in Germany by two calibrated dentists. The refugees were screened for caries (dmft/DMFT) and its complications pufa/PUFA); this data was compared to the resident population via the presentative national oral health surveys). Results The deciduous dentition of the 3-year-old refugees had a mean dmft value of 2.62 ± 3.6 compared with 0.48 dmft in the German resident population, and caries increased to 5.22 ± 3.4 for 6–7-year-olds (Germany: 1.73 dmft). Few refugee children had naturally healthy teeth (7% in 6–7-year-olds, Germany: 56%). In the permanent dentition, the gap in caries prevalence between refugees and the German population decreased with age (35–44-year-olds: 10.55 ± 7.1 DMFT; Germany: 11.2), but refugees exhibited more caries defects (35–44-year-olds DT = 3.13 ± 3.0; Germany: 0.5). German residents had more restorations (35–44-year-olds FT = 4.21 ± 4.6). Regarding complications, the 6–7-year-olds exhibited the highest pufa index (0.86 ± 1.4) which decreased in adolescence (13–17-year-olds, 0.18 ± 0.6) and increased in adults (45–64-year-olds, 0.45 ± 0.8). Conclusion The refugees had high caries experience, often untreated caries teeth and more complications compared with the German resident population, especially in children. Closing this gap by extending preventive systems to the refugees would decrease future treatment needs. Clinical relevance European countries should be prepared for the higher dental treatment needs in recent refugees, especially in
children.
Therapeutic Sealing of Proximal Tooth Surfaces: Two-Year Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation
(2009)
The diagnosis, prevention and treatment of proximal carious lesions comprise a constant problem in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this investigation was to test the safety and clinical effect of a new treatment for proximal caries. In 50 patients with two proximal initial lesions (D1-3 without cavitation, bitewing X-ray), orthodontic rubber rings were applied to gain access to the interproximal space. One of the lesions was sealed with a thin polyurethane-dimethacrylate foil using a bonding agent (Heliobond®, Vivadent, Schaan/Liechtenstein); the other lesion received oral home-care with dental floss and fluoridated toothpaste and was left as control. In clinical follow-ups after 6 and 12 months and X-ray evaluation after two years, clinical retention of proximal tape and the underlying sealant, marginal adaptation, discoloration, tooth vitality, proximal plaque and gingivitis were checked. In addition, caries was assessed clinically and radiographically. The sealants showed good retention, marginal adaptation and colour. After two years, vitality of all teeth was still positive and no relevant differences in plaque accumulation or gingival status were found between sealed and control teeth. Two sealed surface had to be filled due to caries progression (D3 with cavitation). 9 sealed lesions showed caries regression. In contrast, only 4 control lesions regressed and also two showed progression. The loss of tape had no significant influence on the lesion progression indicating the effect of the underlying bond. All other sealants and control lesions were stable indicating an arrest of the lesion. In conclusion, sealing initial proximal lesions showed no clinical problems and mostly arrest of initial carious lesions on bitewing X-rays.
In fixed orthodontic treatments debonding of brackets during treatment is an unpleasant occurrence for the clinician and the patients and resultes in an increase in treatment costs and duration. For Damon Q brackets recycling would considered as an economic saving option which could be done with using of in office methods such as the sandblasting.
A sample of sixty sound bovine first upper central incisers, were collected, cleaned, and mounted in acrylic blocks for shear bond strength testing.
The total sample was equally divided into two main groups. Each group had 30 teeth and 30 brackets.
The first group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Damon Q brackets, the second group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Mini-Mono® brackets.The study included bonding and rebonding experiments. Therefore the same brackets with their same teeth were used in bonding and in the rebonding experiments. The bonding and the rebonding procedures were done with using 3M Unitek etching, Grengloo adhasive, and Ortho solo bonding. In addition the rebonding procedure was done after cleaning the teeth and recycling their brackets with sandblasting. All specimens were recycled 5000 times for the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The first and second debonding forces were done in Newton using a Zwick Roell machine.
After that SBS and SRS were computed in MPa. Furthermore all the teeth, after each debonding, were examined under a digital scanning microscope VHX-5000, 50X magnifying, to performe the ARA and ARI.
The collected data was statistically analyzed for descriptive statistics as well as significance of differences among the different bracket types, and their ARI scores, in the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The results showed that SRS was significantly higher than SBS of both types of the brackets, and Damon Q brackets had higher SBS, and SRS than Mini-Mono® brackets, and there was no correlation between SBS, SRS and their ARI, ARA.
Eight hundred and fifty two students with an age range 9-13 years (mean 10.34, SD±0.56, 48% females) were recruited from the fifth grade students of different 19 primary schools in Greifswald and East Pomerania. In conjunction with the compulsory dental community examination, additional data were collected with two questionnaires for the children and their parents. Newly generated items were taken from the children’s questionnaire to form short scales for oral health-related knowledge, behaviour, attitudes. Parents’ questionnaire contains questions on socio-economic status (SES) and child’s health. The response rate was 93.2%; 78.8% for children; parents, respectively. Results: The distribution of DMFT values was highly polarized with most of the children (71%) exhibiting no carious defects, fillings or missing teeth in the permanent dentition with a mean of 0.6 ±1.2. There was a significant correlation between DMFT and social class levels (rs=-0.19, p=0.001) with mean DMFT values of 0.9 ± 1.3, 0.6 ±1.1 and 0.4 ± 0.9 for the low, medium and higher social strata, respectively. There was a clear correlation between the dental attitude and dental behaviour (rs=0.32, p=0.003). However, correlations between knowledge vs. attitude and knowledge vs. behaviour were loose. A statistically significant correlation between DMFT and dental behaviour was found (rs=-0.15, p=0.003). It should be noted that children with higher self-esteem were found to have significantly higher dental awareness scores (rs=0.19, p=0.001). General health was a significant predictor for caries incidence (rs=0.08, p=0.01). The frequency of drinking lemonade or ice tea and eating salty snacks (chips, nuts) showed clear correlations with the DMFT (rs=0.17 and 0.13, p<0.01). Prolonged daily TV watching was associated directly with DMFT values (rs=0.13, p=0.001). A significant correlation was found between caries and smoking, even after adjusting for age (rs=0.1, p=0.002). Smoking children had a significantly higher DMFT rate than children who were not smokers with a mean DMFT of 0.9 ±1.5 vs 0.6 ±1.2 (p=0.004). Interestingly, each of prolonged TV watching, more lemonade drinking and smoking were correlated directly with the low socioeconomic status (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.13, 0.2 and 0.17, respectively, p<0.05). Regarding malocclusion, 64% the subjects had at least one type of anomaly. Crowding and maxillary overjet represented the major proportion 28% and 23%, respectively. Males exhibited significantly higher increased overbite scores than females p=0.04. Whereas the prevalence of crowding was more common in females than males (p=0.05). Amazingly, more malocclusion was registered in children with caries-free primary teeth when compared to children with carious primary teeth (p=0.05). No significant differences in the mean of dmft or DMFT value were found between normal and non normal occlusion (p>0.05). Undergoing to orthodontic treatment was associated with significantly higher dental awareness scores (p=0.003). No correlation between socio-economic status and malocclusion was registered. Conclusion: This thesis confirms the decline and polarisation of dental caries. Dental behaviour was mostly independent of dental knowledge, but depended on dental attitude. Higher scores in dental behaviour resulted in lower DMFT scores; possibly, oral health promotion should strengthen attitude and actual behaviour instead of knowledge. Higher scores in self-esteem and general health connected with lower caries incidence and higher score in dental awareness. Social inequalities was strongly linked with health inequalities with more prevalence of caries, smoking, prolonged TV watching, wrong diet habits and less sealants application among children of low SES. Hence, oral health-related interventions in children sample should be directed at the social structures with more incorporating of oral health promotion programs into other general health promotion programs. This thesis suggests that; the establishment of healthy behaviours such as a regular teeth brushing at school could be one of the most successful ways to involve all children especially children of low SES in dental care. Malocclusion traits were very common in this sample. This underlines the need for more orthodontic preventive programs among children, in order to reducing the risk factors of malocclusion. The association between prevalence of malocclusion and socio economic status could not be established. No generalised conclusion could be drawn about the relationship between caries and malocclusion.
Until now proximal caries is still a significant problem in the clinical dentistry in spite of the caries decline recently. As resin infiltration offers a new micro-invasive treatment to arrest the progression of proximal initial carious lesions, this study aimed to evaluate its clinical applicability, safety and effect. In the study population of 50 children, adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.9 years ± 6.8), ten dentists at University of Greifswald applied the infiltration material ICON® (DMG, Germany) on non-cavitated proximal lesions in permanent and primary teeth as described in the manual instructions from the producer. The results showed good patient satisfaction with the procedure. The time for the infiltration (24.3 min ± 7.4), which included rubber dam application (7.7 min ± 4), and the effort were perceived as comparable to a composite filling by the dentist or as even easier. In three patients (6%), it was not possible to gain sufficient proximal space for the application of an infiltration. The location of the infiltrated tooth, separation problems as well as the routine of the dentists with the infiltration technique had an effect on the duration of the infiltration. A clear learning curve with a reduction of treatment time for subsequent treatments was observed (P < 0.001). Within the follow-up interval of 12 months, vitality of all infiltrated teeth was still positive and no relevant differences in plaque accumulation or gingival status were recorded. In addition, the infiltrated surfaces showed smooth margins and considerable decrease in the discoloration. In the radiographic evaluation after one year, only two lesions (4.7%) have progressed. Thus, caries infiltration is an applicable method for the treatment of initial non-cavitated proximal lesions without prior temporary tooth separation. Even without special training it can be applied easily by dentist and they experience a clear learning curve within the first 5-10 applications. In addition, the infiltration technique shows a high acceptance by the patients. Furthermore, caries infiltration lead to very good results regarding safety and preventing the lesion progression of non-cavitated proximal caries lesions located in the enamel or in the outer third of dentin.
Objectives:
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Cold AP on the alteration of the enamel surface
without using acid etchant by using Conventional photo-activated resin bond to bond the
orthodontic brackets.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty-five Enamel specimens are prepared from disinfected bovine
mandibular incisors are divided into five groups. Group I: brackets are attached on the enamel
surface with the standard adhesive technique (etch + primer +bond). Group II: the brackets are
attached with the Standard Orthodontic adhesive technique without etching. Group III: the
enamel surface is conditioned with pure Argon Cold atmospheric plasma before the application
of the primer without using an acid etchant. Group IV: the enamel surface is conditioned with
the admixture of Argon Cold atmospheric plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen before the application of
the primer without using acid etchant Group V: after the application of Argon Cold atmospheric
plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen the surface is rewetted by deionized water before the application
of the primer and adhesive. After that, the samples are exposed to thermal cycling. The shear
bond strength of the samples is tested by the universal testing machine which measured the
maximum force at which the brackets are deboned from the tooth surface at a speed of
1mm/minute is measured.
Results:
Significant intergroup differences were found. Group V showed the highest shear bond
strength followed by Group I, VI, III, II respectively. There isn’t a statistical difference in the
values of The Shear bond strength values between Group III and IV.
Conclusions:
this study implies that Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a safe method to change the chemical
surface characteristics of the enamel surface.in addition to the significant importance of plasma
treatment followed by water rewetting, which could enhance adhesion between the orthodontic
attachments and the enamel layer
Abstract
Aim
Observational research suggests that periodontitis affects psoriasis. However, observational studies are prone to reverse causation and confounding, which hampers drawing causal conclusions and the effect direction. We applied the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to comprehensively assess the potential bi‐directional association between periodontitis and psoriasis.
Materials and Methods
We used genetic instruments from the largest available genome‐wide association study of European descent for periodontitis (17,353 cases, 28,210 controls) to investigate the relationship with psoriasis (13,229 cases, 21,543 controls), and vice versa. Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect (CAUSE) estimates and inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) MR analyses were used for the primary analysis. Robust MR approaches were used for sensitivity analyses.
Results
Both univariable methods, CAUSE and IVW MR analyses, did not reveal any impact of periodontitis on psoriasis (CAUSE odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, p = 1.00; IVW OR = 1.02, p = .6247), or vice versa (CAUSE OR = 1.01, p = .5135; IVW OR = 1.00, p = .7070). The null association was corroborated by pleiotropy‐robust methods with ORs close to 1 and p‐values >.59. Overall, MR analyses did not suggest any effect of periodontitis on psoriasis. Similarly, there was no evidence to support an effect of psoriasis on periodontitis.
Conclusions
Within the limitations of this MR study, the outcomes supported neither periodontitis affecting psoriasis nor psoriasis affecting periodontitis.
Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and “precision,” data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface–level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
Abstract
Background
Knowledge of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has relevance for paediatric dentists.
Aim
To assess final‐year German dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding MIH.
Materials and methods
A previously validated questionnaire was posted to the 31 German dental schools. Demographic covariates as well as knowledge regarding
diagnosis and prevalence, and attitudes and beliefs around aetiology and management were collected.
Results
Twenty‐two (71%) dental schools responded and a total of 877 students participated. Most (97%) were familiar with MIH and 88% were aware of the diagnostic criteria for MIH; however, only 42% knew how to implement them. One‐third were able to identify MIH and 16% reported diagnostic confidence when doing so; 90% assumed the MIH prevalence to be <10%. Two‐thirds of the respondents implicated genetic components as the main aetiological factor of MIH. Resin composite (60%) and preformed metal crowns (46%) were the dental materials most often suggested for restorative management. Almost all (98%) respondents were interested in receiving more clinical training.
Conclusion
German students were familiar with MIH; however, they reported low levels of knowledge and confidence regarding its prevalence and diagnosis. Standardized nationwide, up‐to‐date curricula should be implemented to educate future dentists in Germany.
(1) Background: In Germany, new recommendations for dental examinations of children and the use of fluorides have been introduced. The pediatrician (PA) should refer the patient to the dentist for dental examinations and check-ups (DEs) from the sixth month of age. Therefore, our aim was to determine with a questionnaire the extent to which PAs find DE useful, make referrals for DE and recommend fluoride. (2) Methods: The nationwide empirical survey was conducted with a self-developed and validated standardized online questionnaire. In addition to personal information, 16 items were collected. Agreement with the items was recorded using Likert scales. The data were primarily analysed descriptively. (3) Results: 696 PAs participated in the survey (age: 51.7 (8.4) years, women/men: 428/286 (61.5/38.5%). A total of 11% of PAs found referral by eruption of first tooth very important (important/neutral/unimportant: 13.8/32/43.2%), compared to 70% for complete deciduous teeth (21.3/7.3/1.4%). A total of 48.8% of PAs always recommended fluoridated toothpaste from the first tooth (often/occasionally/rarely/never: 18.3/7.8/8/17.1%) and 50.6% completely refused to recommend fluoride-free toothpaste (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 9.8/9/14.7/15.9%). A total of 44.8% never recommended the use of fluoridated toothpaste if the child cannot yet spit (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 19.2/13.9/7.8/14.3%). (4) Conclusions: Among PAs, referral to DEs was increasingly implemented as children grew older. Specific fluoride recommendations were accepted.
We presented the prevalence of MIH in Dubai/UAE for the first time, which represents a developed Middle Eastern city and compared it to results obtained from Greifswald/Germany, which represents a developed European city. The results have shown that the prevalence of MIH in Dubai/UAE is higher than Greifswald/Germany. However, in comparison to the literature, the prevalence of MIH in Dubai is lower than other Middle Eastern cities. Furthermore, we have shown that there is a higher caries level associated with MIH in Dubai. This is also true in Greifswald, Germany and other international studies. In addition, we have reported the prevalence of caries and fluorosis in Dubai and compared them to Greifswald and the previous studies in Dubai. Nevertheless, caries values presented in this study and previous studies indicate that strong attention is required from health authority to this topic. This research provides a strong and comparable source of information on the prevalence of MIH in Dubai for other studies, since it followed strictly all methodological and clinical standards suggested for the assessment and diagnosis of MIH, which are the EAPD criteria. The findings presented in this study require particular attention from the local health authorities and general practitioners for such developmental defect to facilitate early and adequate diagnosis and treatment. This could be achieved by implementing continuing education courses on MIH detection, diagnosis, and treatment for general practitioners. Furthermore, this study has the potential to trigger new studies that would help in understanding the MIH etiology.
The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), a population-based study from a rural state in northeastern Germany with a relatively poor life expectancy, supplemented its comprehensive examination program in 2008 with whole-body MR imaging at 1.5 T (SHIP-MR). We reviewed more than 100 publications that used the SHIP-MR data and analyzed which sequences already produced fruitful scientific outputs and which manuscripts have been referenced frequently. Upon reviewing the publications about imaging sequences, those that used T1-weighted structured imaging of the brain and a gradient-echo sequence for R2* mapping obtained the highest scientific output; regarding specific body parts examined, most scientific publications focused on MR sequences involving the brain and the (upper) abdomen. We conclude that population-based MR imaging in cohort studies should define more precise goals when allocating imaging time. In addition, quality control measures might include recording the number and impact of published work, preferably on a bi-annual basis and starting 2 years after initiation of the study. Structured teaching courses may enhance the desired output in areas that appear underrepresented.
Prediction models learn patterns from available data (training) and are then validated on new data (testing). Prediction modeling is increasingly common in dental research. We aimed to evaluate how different model development and validation steps affect the predictive performance of tooth loss prediction models of patients with periodontitis. Two independent cohorts (627 patients, 11,651 teeth) were followed over a mean ± SD 18.2 ± 5.6 y (Kiel cohort) and 6.6 ± 2.9 y (Greifswald cohort). Tooth loss and 10 patient- and tooth-level predictors were recorded. The impact of different model development and validation steps was evaluated: 1) model complexity (logistic regression, recursive partitioning, random forest, extreme gradient boosting), 2) sample size (full data set or 10%, 25%, or 75% of cases dropped at random), 3) prediction periods (maximum 10, 15, or 20 y or uncensored), and 4) validation schemes (internal or external by centers/time). Tooth loss was generally a rare event (880 teeth were lost). All models showed limited sensitivity but high specificity. Patients’ age and tooth loss at baseline as well as probing pocket depths showed high variable importance. More complex models (random forest, extreme gradient boosting) had no consistent advantages over simpler ones (logistic regression, recursive partitioning). Internal validation (in sample) overestimated the predictive power (area under the curve up to 0.90), while external validation (out of sample) found lower areas under the curve (range 0.62 to 0.82). Reducing the sample size decreased the predictive power, particularly for more complex models. Censoring the prediction period had only limited impact. When the model was trained in one period and tested in another, model outcomes were similar to the base case, indicating temporal validation as a valid option. No model showed higher accuracy than the no-information rate. In conclusion, none of the developed models would be useful in a clinical setting, despite high accuracy. During modeling, rigorous development and external validation should be applied and reported accordingly.
1. The study confirms an association between transverse arch dimensions and severity of ankyloglossia, which reflects relationship between molar difference and free tongue. 2. Molar difference in group A (complete and severe ankyloglossia cases) has high negative values (average -4.38) which was much smaller than the data from the literature concerning many different types of occlusion. 99 3. The exact relation between transverse arch dimension and severity of ankyloglossia needs further research.
A 2-day workshop of ORCA and the IADR Cariology Research Group was organized to discuss and reach consensus on definitions of the most commonly used terms in cariology. The aims were to identify and to select the most commonly used terms of dental caries and dental caries management and to define them based on current concepts. Terms related to definition, diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of dental caries were included. The Delphi process was used to establish terms to be considered using the nominal group method favored by consensus. Of 222 terms originally suggested by six cariologists from different countries, a total of 59 terms were reviewed after removing duplicates and unnecessary words. Sixteen experts in cariology took part in the process of reaching consensus about the definitions of the selected caries terms. Decisions were made following thorough “round table” discussions of each term and confirmed by secret electronic voting. Full agreement (100%) was reached on 17 terms, while the definitions of 6 terms were below the agreed 80% threshold of consensus. The suggested terminology is recommended for use in research, in public health, as well as in clinical practice.
A 2-day workshop of ORCA and the IADR Cariology Research Group was organized to discuss and reach consensus on definitions of the most commonly used terms in cariology. The aims were to identify and to select the most commonly used terms of dental caries and dental caries management and to define them based on current concepts. Terms related to definition, diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of dental caries were included. The Delphi process was used to establish terms to be considered using the nominal group method favored by consensus. Of 222 terms originally suggested by six cariologists from different countries, a total of 59 terms were reviewed after removing duplicates and unnecessary words. Sixteen experts in cariology took part in the process of reaching consensus about the definitions of the selected caries terms. Decisions were made following thorough “round table” discussions of each term and confirmed by secret electronic voting. Full agreement (100%) was reached on 17 terms, while the definitions of 6 terms were below the agreed 80% threshold of consensus. The suggested terminology is recommended for use in research, in public health, as well as in clinical practice.
Non-carious dental lesions such as developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and erosive tooth wear (ETW) are the subject of intensive research. This paper aims to give perspectives on both DDE, including dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and ETW, presenting epidemiological data from the Americas and associated diagnostic aspects. Besides, it is important to present evidence to guide the clinical assessment process, supporting the clinicians’ management decisions towards better oral health of their patients. The overall increase in the worldwide prevalence of non-carious lesions discussed in this this paper may reflect the need of perceptual changes. Although the number of publications related to these conditions has been increasing in the last years, there is still a need for clinical diagnostic and management awareness to include these conditions in routine dental practice. Besides, it is important to provide recommendations for standardized clinical assessment criteria, improving the process and helping clinicians’ adherence. In this sense, this paper discusses the most commonly implemented indices for each condition. Thus, despite the wide range of diagnostic indices, BEWE is proposed to be the index recommended for ETW assessment, Dean or Thylstrup & Fejerskov indices for fluorosis and preferably the EAPD criteria (or modified DDE index) for MIH. Overall, non-carious lesions are a growing concern, and it is important to implement preventive measures that control their severity and progression, and accurate diagnosis by the dental clinician.
The aim of this study was to analyse the predictive power of several clinical baseline parameters and the de-/remineralisation properties of in vivo etched sites measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) for subsequent 2-year caries increment. At baseline, in 44 children (8.23 ± 1.5 years) two areas (diameter 2 mm) of the buccal surface of a primary posterior tooth were etched with 36% phosphoric acid gel for 1 and 4 min, respectively. The etched sites were analysed immediately after etching (ΔQ1) and 24 h (ΔQ2) later by QLF. Additionally, caries status (deft/DMFT and initial caries), approximal plaque, bleeding on probing, and the patient’s current use of fluorides were recorded. In the 2-year follow-up, 29 children were re-assessed. After clinical examination, the caries increment was calculated (ΔDMFT) and correlated with the baseline clinical variables and the QLF readings. Results showed a significant positive correlation between ΔQ<sub>1 min</sub> and the ΔDMFT (r = 0.44, p = 0.02). The ΔDMFT was significantly correlated with the baseline deft (r = 0.56, p = 0.002), cavitated active caries lesions (r = 0.52, p = 0.003), and filled teeth (r = 0.53, p = 0.003). In a regression analysis the use of fluoridated salt (SC = –0.10) and fluoride gel (SC = –0.14) were negatively associated with ΔDMFT. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the demineralisation properties of the etched sites and the outcome of the 24-hour measurements with QLF are significantly associated with caries increment. Previous caries experience strongly correlated with caries increment in this group of children.