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Chronic infections, including periodontal infections, may reduce lung function. To date, there are hardly any population-based studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and lung function. However, there are some studies that used variables associated with obstructive pulmonary diseases (FEV1, FEV1/FVC). Thus, we aimed to assess the potential association of periodontal diseases with lung volumes and airflow limitation in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Of 3300 participants aged 25-85 years of the 5-year follow-up (SHIP-1), 1809 subjects participated in lung function examinations. 1465 subjects were included in the analyses. Lung function was measured using spirometry, body plethysmography, helium dilution, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Periodontal status was assessed by clinical attachment loss, probing depth, and number of missing teeth. Linear regression models using fractional polynomials were used to assess linear and non-linear associations between periodontal disease and lung function adjusting for confounders. Adjusting for age, sex, waist circumference, physical activity, diabetes, asthma, and time between core and pulmonary examination, mean attachment loss was significantly associated with variables of dynamic and static lung volumes, airflow limitation and hyperinflation. Total lung capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were not associated with mean attachment loss. Adjustment for smoking and height considerably changed coefficients indicating profound confounding. Including fibrinogen and high sensitive CRP into fully adjusted models did not change coefficients of mean attachment loss. Restricted to never smokers, mean attachment loss was significantly associated with FEV1, FVC, and RV/TLC. Relations with lung function were confirmed for mean probing depth, extent measures of attachment loss/probing depth, and number of missing teeth. Periodontal disease was significantly associated with decreased lung function. Systemic inflammation did not provide a mechanism linking both diseases. However, cohort studies evaluating lung function in the current manner are needed to confirm results from this study and to assess a causal relationship. Furthermore, it needs to be investigated with the help of randomized clinical trials whether prevention or treatment of periodontitis might have a beneficial impact on lung function.
Bei 11 Patienten mit akutem Lungenversagen nach aorto-koronarer Bypassoperation wurde eine thorakale Computertomographie (TCT) durchgeführt und gleichzeitig ein kardiopulmonaler Status erhoben. Die Patienten waren hämodynamisch stabil, ohne klinische und radiologische Anzeichen eines kardialen Lungenödemes. Die Oxygenierung war bei allen Patienten reduziert, die alveolo-arterielle Po2-Differenz (PA-aO2) belief sich auf 37 ± 10.39 kPa (280 ± 78 mmHg), das pulmonale Shuntvolumen (QVA/QT) betrug 26.4 ± 4.4 % während mechanischer Beatmung mit einem positiv end-expiratorischem Druck (PEEP) von 5 cmH2O. Die TCT-Scan-Analyse zeigte ausgeprägte Verdichtungen in den basalen, diaphragmalen Lungenregionen. Bezüglich der Größe zeigte sich kein Unterschied zwischen der rechten und linken Lungenhälfte. Atelektatisches Lungengewebe wurde definiert als Region, die Dichteverhältnisse zwischen - 200 bis + 20 Hounsfield Einheiten zeigte. Die Größe der nicht-ventilierten Lungenregionen korrelierte mit dem QVA/QT (r = 0.875, P <= 0.01), jedoch nicht mit der Dauer der extrakorporalen Zirkulation, der Operation oder der Allgemeinanästhesie. Somit stellten die Atelektasen in den basalen, zu unterst liegenden diaphragmalen Lungenregionen den Hauptgrund für den verschlechterten Gasaustausch nach aorto-koronaren Bypassoperationen dar.