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- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde (108) (remove)
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Abstract
Background: Behavior management techniques (BMT) are essential in order to
achieve a successful dental treatment with a minimum amount of stress in paediatric
dentistry, but parents are not equally accepting different advanced BMT.
Purpose: To investigate the differences in parental acceptance of advanced
behavior management techniques between University of Greifswald/Germany and
Jordan University/Jordan.
Methods: Parents of the children treated in the pedodontic departments at the
University of Greifswald/Germany and Jordan University/Jordan rated their
acceptance level of four advanced behavior management techniques (passive
restraint, active restraint, nitrous oxide sedation and general anesthesia) for normal
treatment, and for urgent treatment using a five points Likert scale. 200 parents (100
in each university) completed the questionnaire forms for analysis.
Results: Nitrous oxide sedation was rated the most accepted technique in
Greifswald and Jordan (mean 3.78±1.34; 3.22±1.50, respectively). The least
acceptable technique in Greifswald was passive restraint (2.05±1.18) and in Jordan
general anesthesia (2.11±1.30). The parents in Greifswald are significantly more
accepting nitrous oxide sedation than parents in Jordan (p=0.010), while parents in
Jordan are significantly more willing to accept passive restraint (p=0.001). The
acceptance of all advanced behavior management techniques increased significantly
in both groups when the treatment is urgent (p≤0.05),
Conclusions: Parental culture and the urgency of the treatment affect the
acceptance to different behavior management techniques. Moreover, the parental
attitude to the pharmacological technique has changed, as nitrous oxide sedation
generally appears to be the most preferred advanced technique in both groups.
National oral health survey on refugees in Germany 2016/2017: caries and subsequent complications
(2020)
Objectives To assess oral health, caries prevalence, and subsequent complications among recently arrived refugees in Germany and to ompare these findings with the German resident population. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 544 refugees aged 3–75+ years; they were examined at ten registration institutions in four federal states in Germany by two calibrated dentists. The refugees were screened for caries (dmft/DMFT) and its complications pufa/PUFA); this data was compared to the resident population via the presentative national oral health surveys). Results The deciduous dentition of the 3-year-old refugees had a mean dmft value of 2.62 ± 3.6 compared with 0.48 dmft in the German resident population, and caries increased to 5.22 ± 3.4 for 6–7-year-olds (Germany: 1.73 dmft). Few refugee children had naturally healthy teeth (7% in 6–7-year-olds, Germany: 56%). In the permanent dentition, the gap in caries prevalence between refugees and the German population decreased with age (35–44-year-olds: 10.55 ± 7.1 DMFT; Germany: 11.2), but refugees exhibited more caries defects (35–44-year-olds DT = 3.13 ± 3.0; Germany: 0.5). German residents had more restorations (35–44-year-olds FT = 4.21 ± 4.6). Regarding complications, the 6–7-year-olds exhibited the highest pufa index (0.86 ± 1.4) which decreased in adolescence (13–17-year-olds, 0.18 ± 0.6) and increased in adults (45–64-year-olds, 0.45 ± 0.8). Conclusion The refugees had high caries experience, often untreated caries teeth and more complications compared with the German resident population, especially in children. Closing this gap by extending preventive systems to the refugees would decrease future treatment needs. Clinical relevance European countries should be prepared for the higher dental treatment needs in recent refugees, especially in
children.
Ziel: Klinische Erfolgsrate von Pulpektomie-Behandlungen bei Milchmolaren unter Verwendung von Calciumhydroxid/Iodoform-Paste über 4 Jahre in einer spezialisierten Kinderzahnarztpraxis und Betrachtung möglicher Einflussfaktoren wie der Einfluss der Behandlungsart (Vollnarkose, Lachgassedierung oder nur Lokalanästhesie) auf den Behandlungserfolg.
Material und Methoden: Die Behandlungsakten der Patienten, die eine Pulpektomie am Milchmolaren in der spezialisierten Abteilung für Kinderzahnheilkunde der Universitätszahnklinik Greifswald im Zeitraum xx -xx erhielten, wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Der Einfluss verschiedener patientenbezogener, zahnbezogenen und behandlungsbezogenen Faktoren wurde zu den verschiedenen Follow-Up-Zeitpunkten ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurden bivariate und multivariate Analysen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Pulpektomien, die unter Vollnarkose durchgeführt wurden, hatten nach vier Jahren deutlich die höchste Erfolgsrate (78,6 %), gefolgt von Lachgassedierung (57,1 %) und Lokalanästhesie (43,8 %). Die Misserfolgsrate der pulpektomierten Milchmolaren im Oberkiefer war vier Jahre nach der Behandlung klinisch relevant und statistisch signifikant höher als im Unterkiefer (61,5 % vs. 29,2 %).
Schlussfolgerung: Der Zahnerhalt von Milchmolaren mittels Pulpektomie sollte bei den zahnärztlichen Behandlungsplänen von kleinen Kindern als Alternative zur frühzeitigen Zahnextraktion berücksichtigt werden. Die klinischen Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeiten sind auch viele Jahre nach der Pulpektomie insbesondere bei unteren Milchmolaren und Narkosesanierungen hoch.
Therapeutic Sealing of Proximal Tooth Surfaces: Two-Year Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation
(2009)
The diagnosis, prevention and treatment of proximal carious lesions comprise a constant problem in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this investigation was to test the safety and clinical effect of a new treatment for proximal caries. In 50 patients with two proximal initial lesions (D1-3 without cavitation, bitewing X-ray), orthodontic rubber rings were applied to gain access to the interproximal space. One of the lesions was sealed with a thin polyurethane-dimethacrylate foil using a bonding agent (Heliobond®, Vivadent, Schaan/Liechtenstein); the other lesion received oral home-care with dental floss and fluoridated toothpaste and was left as control. In clinical follow-ups after 6 and 12 months and X-ray evaluation after two years, clinical retention of proximal tape and the underlying sealant, marginal adaptation, discoloration, tooth vitality, proximal plaque and gingivitis were checked. In addition, caries was assessed clinically and radiographically. The sealants showed good retention, marginal adaptation and colour. After two years, vitality of all teeth was still positive and no relevant differences in plaque accumulation or gingival status were found between sealed and control teeth. Two sealed surface had to be filled due to caries progression (D3 with cavitation). 9 sealed lesions showed caries regression. In contrast, only 4 control lesions regressed and also two showed progression. The loss of tape had no significant influence on the lesion progression indicating the effect of the underlying bond. All other sealants and control lesions were stable indicating an arrest of the lesion. In conclusion, sealing initial proximal lesions showed no clinical problems and mostly arrest of initial carious lesions on bitewing X-rays.
In fixed orthodontic treatments debonding of brackets during treatment is an unpleasant occurrence for the clinician and the patients and resultes in an increase in treatment costs and duration. For Damon Q brackets recycling would considered as an economic saving option which could be done with using of in office methods such as the sandblasting.
A sample of sixty sound bovine first upper central incisers, were collected, cleaned, and mounted in acrylic blocks for shear bond strength testing.
The total sample was equally divided into two main groups. Each group had 30 teeth and 30 brackets.
The first group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Damon Q brackets, the second group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Mini-Mono® brackets.The study included bonding and rebonding experiments. Therefore the same brackets with their same teeth were used in bonding and in the rebonding experiments. The bonding and the rebonding procedures were done with using 3M Unitek etching, Grengloo adhasive, and Ortho solo bonding. In addition the rebonding procedure was done after cleaning the teeth and recycling their brackets with sandblasting. All specimens were recycled 5000 times for the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The first and second debonding forces were done in Newton using a Zwick Roell machine.
After that SBS and SRS were computed in MPa. Furthermore all the teeth, after each debonding, were examined under a digital scanning microscope VHX-5000, 50X magnifying, to performe the ARA and ARI.
The collected data was statistically analyzed for descriptive statistics as well as significance of differences among the different bracket types, and their ARI scores, in the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The results showed that SRS was significantly higher than SBS of both types of the brackets, and Damon Q brackets had higher SBS, and SRS than Mini-Mono® brackets, and there was no correlation between SBS, SRS and their ARI, ARA.
Eight hundred and fifty two students with an age range 9-13 years (mean 10.34, SD±0.56, 48% females) were recruited from the fifth grade students of different 19 primary schools in Greifswald and East Pomerania. In conjunction with the compulsory dental community examination, additional data were collected with two questionnaires for the children and their parents. Newly generated items were taken from the children’s questionnaire to form short scales for oral health-related knowledge, behaviour, attitudes. Parents’ questionnaire contains questions on socio-economic status (SES) and child’s health. The response rate was 93.2%; 78.8% for children; parents, respectively. Results: The distribution of DMFT values was highly polarized with most of the children (71%) exhibiting no carious defects, fillings or missing teeth in the permanent dentition with a mean of 0.6 ±1.2. There was a significant correlation between DMFT and social class levels (rs=-0.19, p=0.001) with mean DMFT values of 0.9 ± 1.3, 0.6 ±1.1 and 0.4 ± 0.9 for the low, medium and higher social strata, respectively. There was a clear correlation between the dental attitude and dental behaviour (rs=0.32, p=0.003). However, correlations between knowledge vs. attitude and knowledge vs. behaviour were loose. A statistically significant correlation between DMFT and dental behaviour was found (rs=-0.15, p=0.003). It should be noted that children with higher self-esteem were found to have significantly higher dental awareness scores (rs=0.19, p=0.001). General health was a significant predictor for caries incidence (rs=0.08, p=0.01). The frequency of drinking lemonade or ice tea and eating salty snacks (chips, nuts) showed clear correlations with the DMFT (rs=0.17 and 0.13, p<0.01). Prolonged daily TV watching was associated directly with DMFT values (rs=0.13, p=0.001). A significant correlation was found between caries and smoking, even after adjusting for age (rs=0.1, p=0.002). Smoking children had a significantly higher DMFT rate than children who were not smokers with a mean DMFT of 0.9 ±1.5 vs 0.6 ±1.2 (p=0.004). Interestingly, each of prolonged TV watching, more lemonade drinking and smoking were correlated directly with the low socioeconomic status (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.13, 0.2 and 0.17, respectively, p<0.05). Regarding malocclusion, 64% the subjects had at least one type of anomaly. Crowding and maxillary overjet represented the major proportion 28% and 23%, respectively. Males exhibited significantly higher increased overbite scores than females p=0.04. Whereas the prevalence of crowding was more common in females than males (p=0.05). Amazingly, more malocclusion was registered in children with caries-free primary teeth when compared to children with carious primary teeth (p=0.05). No significant differences in the mean of dmft or DMFT value were found between normal and non normal occlusion (p>0.05). Undergoing to orthodontic treatment was associated with significantly higher dental awareness scores (p=0.003). No correlation between socio-economic status and malocclusion was registered. Conclusion: This thesis confirms the decline and polarisation of dental caries. Dental behaviour was mostly independent of dental knowledge, but depended on dental attitude. Higher scores in dental behaviour resulted in lower DMFT scores; possibly, oral health promotion should strengthen attitude and actual behaviour instead of knowledge. Higher scores in self-esteem and general health connected with lower caries incidence and higher score in dental awareness. Social inequalities was strongly linked with health inequalities with more prevalence of caries, smoking, prolonged TV watching, wrong diet habits and less sealants application among children of low SES. Hence, oral health-related interventions in children sample should be directed at the social structures with more incorporating of oral health promotion programs into other general health promotion programs. This thesis suggests that; the establishment of healthy behaviours such as a regular teeth brushing at school could be one of the most successful ways to involve all children especially children of low SES in dental care. Malocclusion traits were very common in this sample. This underlines the need for more orthodontic preventive programs among children, in order to reducing the risk factors of malocclusion. The association between prevalence of malocclusion and socio economic status could not be established. No generalised conclusion could be drawn about the relationship between caries and malocclusion.
Until now proximal caries is still a significant problem in the clinical dentistry in spite of the caries decline recently. As resin infiltration offers a new micro-invasive treatment to arrest the progression of proximal initial carious lesions, this study aimed to evaluate its clinical applicability, safety and effect. In the study population of 50 children, adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.9 years ± 6.8), ten dentists at University of Greifswald applied the infiltration material ICON® (DMG, Germany) on non-cavitated proximal lesions in permanent and primary teeth as described in the manual instructions from the producer. The results showed good patient satisfaction with the procedure. The time for the infiltration (24.3 min ± 7.4), which included rubber dam application (7.7 min ± 4), and the effort were perceived as comparable to a composite filling by the dentist or as even easier. In three patients (6%), it was not possible to gain sufficient proximal space for the application of an infiltration. The location of the infiltrated tooth, separation problems as well as the routine of the dentists with the infiltration technique had an effect on the duration of the infiltration. A clear learning curve with a reduction of treatment time for subsequent treatments was observed (P < 0.001). Within the follow-up interval of 12 months, vitality of all infiltrated teeth was still positive and no relevant differences in plaque accumulation or gingival status were recorded. In addition, the infiltrated surfaces showed smooth margins and considerable decrease in the discoloration. In the radiographic evaluation after one year, only two lesions (4.7%) have progressed. Thus, caries infiltration is an applicable method for the treatment of initial non-cavitated proximal lesions without prior temporary tooth separation. Even without special training it can be applied easily by dentist and they experience a clear learning curve within the first 5-10 applications. In addition, the infiltration technique shows a high acceptance by the patients. Furthermore, caries infiltration lead to very good results regarding safety and preventing the lesion progression of non-cavitated proximal caries lesions located in the enamel or in the outer third of dentin.
Objectives:
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Cold AP on the alteration of the enamel surface
without using acid etchant by using Conventional photo-activated resin bond to bond the
orthodontic brackets.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty-five Enamel specimens are prepared from disinfected bovine
mandibular incisors are divided into five groups. Group I: brackets are attached on the enamel
surface with the standard adhesive technique (etch + primer +bond). Group II: the brackets are
attached with the Standard Orthodontic adhesive technique without etching. Group III: the
enamel surface is conditioned with pure Argon Cold atmospheric plasma before the application
of the primer without using an acid etchant. Group IV: the enamel surface is conditioned with
the admixture of Argon Cold atmospheric plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen before the application of
the primer without using acid etchant Group V: after the application of Argon Cold atmospheric
plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen the surface is rewetted by deionized water before the application
of the primer and adhesive. After that, the samples are exposed to thermal cycling. The shear
bond strength of the samples is tested by the universal testing machine which measured the
maximum force at which the brackets are deboned from the tooth surface at a speed of
1mm/minute is measured.
Results:
Significant intergroup differences were found. Group V showed the highest shear bond
strength followed by Group I, VI, III, II respectively. There isn’t a statistical difference in the
values of The Shear bond strength values between Group III and IV.
Conclusions:
this study implies that Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a safe method to change the chemical
surface characteristics of the enamel surface.in addition to the significant importance of plasma
treatment followed by water rewetting, which could enhance adhesion between the orthodontic
attachments and the enamel layer
Das Ziel der Studie war es, die Auswirkungen kaufunktioneller Reize in Form von Dysgnathien auf die Morphologie der Kieferhöhle zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurden die Fernröntgenseitenaufnahmen von 96 Patienten beiderlei Geschlechts im Alter zwischen neun und 19 Jahren, die entweder eine Angle-Klasse-I- oder Angle-Klasse-II- Okklusion aufwiesen, mit anatomischen und kieferorthopädischen Methoden retrospektiv untersucht. Das Material wurde dabei eingeteilt nach (1) der Angle-Klasse, (2) der basal sagittalen Kieferrelation (skelettale Klassen), sowie (3) dem Prognathiegrad des Mittelgesichtes. Es wurden weiterhin Korrelationsanalysen sowie Clusteranalysen mit der Ward-Methode durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten (1) keine Unterschiede der Kieferhöhlenfläche zwischen Patienten mit Angle-Klasse I und Angle-Klasse II. Das Verhältnis von Kieferhöhlen- und der von uns definierten Gesichtsschädelfläche (= Sinus Ratio) war jedoch bei den Angle-Klasse-II-Fällen kleiner. Es zeigte sich kein Geschlechtsdimorphismus der Kieferhöhlenfläche abgesehen von einer größeren Sinus Ratio bei den weiblichen Patienten innerhalb der Angle-Klasse-II-Gruppe. (2) Bei den Patienten mit basal sagittal distaler Relation (skelettale Klasse II) fanden wir eine größere Kieferhöhlenfläche als bei denen mit neutraler Lage (skelettale Klasse I). Das Verhältnis zur Gesichtsschädelgröße (Sinus Ratio) war hier jedoch unverändert. (3) Ein prognatheres Mittelgesicht ist verbunden mit einer größeren Kieferhöhlenfläche in der Sagittalebene. Korrelationen der Kieferhöhlenmaße mit verschiedenen Dysgnathieparametern sind nachweisbar. Diese stehen jedoch meist im Zusammenhang mit einer Veränderung von Größe und Position der Maxilla und des Gesichtsschädels in toto. Von daher deuten unsere Untersuchungsergebnisse nicht auf eine funktionelle Größenanpassung des Sinus maxillaris - unabhängig vom Mittelgesicht - hin.
Durch den wachsenden Einsatz von nickelhaltigen Behandlungselementen in der kieferorthopädischen Praxis und die steigende Verbreitung von Nickelallergie in der Bevölkerung werden Studien zur Biokompatibilität solcher Elementen im- mer interessanter. Der entscheidende Faktor, der die Biokompatibilität von kiefer- orthopädischen Drähten bestimmt, ist das Korrosionsverhalten. Deshalb wurden Nickel-Titan-Nivellierungsbögen, sowie Titan-Molybdän-, Kobalt-Chrom- und E- delstahldrähte auf ihr Korrosionsverhalten unter realistischen Bedingungen un- tersucht. Hierfür wurde eine spezielle Apparatur konstruiert, um die Proben im statischen Immersionstest in Kunstspeichel und Milchsäurelösung bei mechani- scher, thermischer und kombiniert mechanischer und thermischer Belastung kon- trollierter Korrosion unterziehen zu können. Danach wurden die Oberflächen der Drähte durch Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) in Verbindung mit energiedi- spersiver Röntgenanalyse (EDX) untersucht. Die Nickelabgabe wurde mit einem induktiv gekoppelten Plasma-Massenspektrometer (ICP-MS) gemessen. Außer- dem wurden elektrochemische Tests durchgeführt, um das Ruhe- und das Durch- bruchspotential der Proben zu ermitteln. Alle Daten wurden mittels statistischer Tests verglichen (F-Test). Die Ergebnisse liefern nicht nur Informationen über das relative Korrosions- verhalten der Drähte untereinander, sondern erlauben auch eine quantitative Abschätzung über die Nickelionenabgabe während einer kieferorthopädischen Be- handlung. Allgemein lag die maximale Abgabe von Nickelionen zwei Größenord- nungen unterhalb der Menge, die täglich mit der Nahrung aufgenommen wird. Zwei Drähte, der Dentaurum Tensic und der Forestadent Titanol Low Force, zeigten aufgrund ihrer Oberflächenzusammensetzung eine höhere Tendenz zur Korrosion als die anderen Drähte. Mittels EDX-Analyse konnte der Grund dafür ermittelt werden. Auf der Oberfläche des Drahtes Tensic ist die Nickelkonzen- tration mit 59 at.-% verglichen mit 51,7 at.-% im Inneren wesentlich höher. Die Oberfläche des Drahtes Titanol Low Force enthält etwa 5 at.-% Aluminium. Beide Effekte haben einen negativen Einfluss auf das Korrosionsverhalten. Weiterhin wurden Dauerlasttests und Korrosionsexperimente an dünnen ge- sputterten Nickel-Titan-Filmen und an Nickel-Titan-Hohldrähten durchgeführt. Dabei handelt es sich um Prototypen für die Entwicklung von neuartigem Nickel- Titan/Polymer-Verbundmaterial für den Einsatz in der Kieferorthopädie. Diese Untersuchung war Teil eines BMBF-Projektes in Zusammenarbeit mit dem For- schungszentrum caesar in Bonn, der Poliklinik fÄur Kieferorthopädie in Düsseldorf und der Firma Dentaurum. Ziel dieses Projektes war, die Kosten einer kiefer- orthopädischen Behandlung dadurch zu senken, dass die Anzahl der notwen- digen Wechsel der Drahtbögen minimiert wird. Nachdem Dauerlastexperimen- te (Wöhlertests) an Tensic-Referenzdrähten durchgeführt wurden, konnten drei verschiedene Materialstrukturen mittels Röntgenbeugung (XRD) beobachtet wer- den. Diese Strukturen wurden der Austenit- und der Martensitstruktur von Nickel- Titan zugeordnet. Bei einer Spannungsamplitude des Materials unterhalb des martensitischen Plateaus konnte kein dauerhafter Martensit beobachtet werden. Wenn jedoch die Spannungsamplitude bis in das martensitische Plateau hinein reichte, aber immer noch klein genug war, dass keine plastische Deformation auf- trat, bildete sich eine typische Martensitstruktur und alle zu erwartenden Reflexi- onspeaks konnten identifiziert werden. Wenn die Spannungsamplitude groß genug war, um plastische Deformation zu erzeugen, wurde eine Umorientierung und eine Strukturänderung des Martensits gefunden. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Finite- Elemente-Modellen (FEM) des Biegeexperimentes verglichen, um die Messun- gen der Plateauspannung zu verifizieren. Es wurden außerdem Dauerlasttests der NiTi-Prototypen-Hohldrähte durchgeführt, um deren Haltbarkeit im Vergleich zum Referenzmaterial zu bestimmen. Zudem wurde das Korrosionsverhalten des gesputterten Nickel-Titan-Materials im Vergleich zu den kommerziellen Drähten untersucht. Die NiTi-Hohldrähte zeigten in diesen Tests ein sehr schlechtes Dau- erlastverhalten. Das Korrosionsverhalten aller gesputterten NiTi-Proben war da- gegen in Ordnung. Schließlich wurde noch eine einfache Methode entwickelt, um die Biegekräfte von dünnen gesputterten Nickel-Titan-Folien zu ermitteln. Bis dahin waren die einzigen Möglichkeiten, die mechanischen Eigenschaften von dünnen Filmen zu bestimmen, Zugversuche und Nanoindentertests. Die Anwendung dieses Tests in der Kieferorthopädie ist, die aktive Kraft nach der Biegung zu ermitteln. Mit der neuen Methode konnte das gute mechanische Verhalten der gesputterten Filme, welches im Zugversuch bestimmt wurde, im Biegetest bestätigt werden.