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Das Pankreaskarzinom ist die zehnthäufigste (Männer) bzw. neunthäufigste (Frauen) Tumorerkrankung in Deutschland. Aufgrund der häufig fatalen Prognose ist es gleichzeitig die vierthäufigste Krebstodesursache in Deutschland. 5 Jahre nach Diagnosestellung sind im Mittel nur noch weniger als 8 % der Betroffenen am Leben. Bei regelhaft fehlenden Frühsymptomen erfolgt die Diagnosestellung häufig in bereits fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadien mit stark begrenzten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten. Da vielfältige Wechselwirkungen von chronischem Stress und beschleunigter Tumorprogression bekannt sind, könnte Stress die äußerst limitierte Prognose des Pankreaskarzinoms noch zusätzlich verschlechtern. Hierzu untersuchte die vorliegende Arbeit den Einfluss von Katecholaminen auf progressionsfördernde Veränderungen der Tumorzellbiologie von Pankreaskarzinomzelllinien in vitro. Untersucht wurden die Expression von MMP-2/-9, das Migrations- und Invasionsverhalten der Tumorzellen sowie die Auswirkungen von Katecholaminen auf das Proliferationsverhalten. Um eine mögliche Relevanz dieser Befunde in vivo zu überprüfen wurde die Tumorprogression unter chronischer Stressexposition in einem syngenen, orthotopen und immunkompetenten Tumormodell an C57BL/6N Mäusen mittels Überlebensanalysen und magnetresonanztomografischer Bildgebung untersucht. Schließlich wurde mit Propranolol in vitro und in vivo eine mögliche therapeutische Option evaluiert. Es ergaben sich vielfältige Hinweise für eine durch Stress erleichterte Tumorprogression des Pankreaskarzinoms in vivo und in vitro. Katecholamine stimulieren die Gelatinase-Aktivität, Migration, Invasion und Proliferation humaner Pankreaskarzinomzellen. Chronischer Stress führt in einem immunkompetenten Mausmodell zu erhöhter Tumorlast und verschlechterter Überlebensprognose. Diese Effekte sind zumindest partiell durch eine β-Rezeptorblockade mit Propranolol reversibel. Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschreibt fatale Auswirkungen von chronischem Stress auf die Tumorprogression. Auf Hinweise zu primär- und tertiärpräventiven Effekten von Betablockern bei malignen Grunderkrankungen des Menschen könnten bald adjuvante perioperative Studien mit einer Propranololgabe nach Tumorresektion folgen.
Purpose
A setting-sensitive instrument for assessing Quality of Life (QoL) in Telemedicine (TM) was unavailable. To close this gap, a content-valid “add-on” measure was developed. In parallel, a brief index was derived featuring six items that summarise the main content of the multidimensional assessment. After pre- and pilot-testing, the psychometric performance of the final measures was investigated in an independent validation study.
Methods
The questionnaires were applied along with other standardised instruments of similar concepts as well as associated, yet disparate concepts for validation purposes. The sample consisted of patients with depression or heart failure, with or without TM (n = 200). Data analyses were aimed at calculating descriptive statistics and testing the psychometric performance on item, scale, and instrument level, including different types of validity and reliability.
Results
The proposed factor structure of the multidimensional Tele-QoL measure has been confirmed. Reliability coefficients for internal consistency, split-half, and test-retest reliability of the subscales and index reached sufficient values. The Tele-QoL subscales and the index demonstrated Rasch scalability. Validity of both instruments can be assumed. Evidence for discriminant construct validity was provided. Known-groups validity was indicated by respective score differences for various classes of disease severity.
Conclusion
Both measures show convincing psychometric properties. The final multidimensional Tele-QoL assessment consists of six outcome scales and two impact scales assessing (un-)intended effects of TM on QoL. In addition, the Tele-QoL index provides a short alternative for outcome assessment. The Tele-QoL measures can be used as complementary modules to existing QoL instruments capturing healthcare-related aspects of QoL from the patients’ perspective.
To a large extent health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a product of life-course experiences. Therefore, we examined employment, marital, and reproductive life-course typologies as predictors of HRQoL in women and men. To determine life course clusters, sequence and cluster analysis were performed on the annual (waves 1990–2019) employment, marital, and children in household states of the German Socio-Economic Panel data (N = 8,998; age = 53.57, 52.52% female); separately for men and women. Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, associations between clusters and change in life satisfaction, subjective mental, and physical health were examined. Five life-course clusters were identified in the female and six in the male sample. Life courses differed greatly across gender regarding employment aspects (e.g., men generally work full-time vs. women underwent frequent transitions). The family aspects appeared similar – e.g., ‘starting a family’ or ‘marital separation’ clusters – but still differed in the particulars. Life course typologies were related to distinct patterns of HRQoL. For instance, both for men and women the ‘separated’ clusters, as well as the male ‘entering non-employment’ cluster were associated with a steeper decline in HRQoL. However, change in subjective mental health showed few associations. Distinct types of life courses and differential associations with sociodemographic background and HRQoL emerged for women and men. The analyses reveal a burden on individuals who experienced marital separation, and non-employment and thus present important target groups for health prevention, e.g., for physical health problems.