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Institute
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (29)
- Institut für Biochemie (28)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (25)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (23)
- Institut für Pharmazie (19)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (19)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (18)
- Institut für Community Medicine (17)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (17)
- Institut für Immunologie u. Transfusionsmedizin - Abteilung Immunologie (16)
- Institut für Physik (15)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie/Plastische Operationen (14)
- Institut für Med. Biochemie u. Molekularbiologie (12)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (11)
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie (10)
- Institut für Psychologie (10)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie Abt. für Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie (10)
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin (9)
- Institut für Mathematik und Informatik (9)
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie (9)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie Abt. für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (9)
- Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie (7)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde u. Geburtshilfe (7)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten (7)
- Universitätsmedizin (7)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (6)
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin (6)
- Institut für Mikrobiologie - Abteilung für Genetik & Biochemie (6)
- Institut für Pharmakologie (6)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie (6)
- Institut für Epidemiologie u. Sozialmedizin (5)
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie (5)
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde (5)
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, Parodontologie und Endodontologie (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenkrankheiten, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (4)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (4)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (4)
- Institut für Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik (3)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin Abt. Gastroenterologie, Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin (3)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (3)
- Philosophische Fakultät (3)
- Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät (3)
- Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin (2)
- Institut für Fennistik und Skandinavistik (2)
- Institut für Immunologie u. Transfusionsmedizin - Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin (2)
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie (2)
- Institut für Pathologie (2)
- Institut für Pathophysiologie (2)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie (2)
- Historisches Institut (1)
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- Institut für Baltistik (1)
- Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Humangenetik (1)
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin (1)
- Poliklinik für zahnärztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde (1)
- Rechtswissenschaften (1)
Publisher
- MDPI (92)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (68)
- Wiley (58)
- SAGE Publications (10)
- S. Karger AG (8)
- Public Library of Science (PLoS) (4)
- Springer Nature (4)
- BioMed Central (BMC) (3)
- De Gruyter (3)
- IOP Publishing (3)
The thesis investigates the occurrence of the Early Modern European witch-hunt within the distinctively diverse society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Positioned at the intersection of Latin and post-Byzantine cultures, along with Western and Eastern Christianity, this region lay on the frontlines of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. The research aims to analyze the specific characteristics of the witch-hunt in this area, considering it a case study of social and cultural interaction within a borderland. It focuses particularly on identifying the distinctive aspects of the Lithuanian witch-hunt, examining the social and cultural roots of the witch trials, and exploring their relationship to the broader social and cultural developments of the period.
Central to this study is a detailed examination of the witch trials and an analysis of court materials. The thesis posits a socio-cultural interpretation of witch persecutions, arguing that they were culturally influenced manifestations of social tensions, enacted through legal mechanisms. The emergence of new Early Modern challenges, such as the social consequences of agrarian reform, the expansion of manorialism, and serfdom, led to novel tensions, conflicts, and responses, including accusations of witchcraft. The importation of authoritative foreign ideas about witchcraft reinvigorated, facilitated, and shaped pre-existing moderate indigenous beliefs, a process facilitated by religious struggles and Catholic post-Tridentine confessionalization. The Lithuanian legal system provided an environment conducive to an intensive witch-hunt, with witchcraft being a secular grave felony tried in highly decentralized and poorly supervised courts. However, this potential was largely unrealized. The study argues that the cultural diversity of the society played a major role in inhibiting the spread of Western witchcraft discourse, thereby limiting the extent of the witch-hunt in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war zum einen die retrospektive Abbildung der qPCR-Werte von BCR-ABL und der Medikamentenadhärenz und zum anderen die Identifikation von Einflussfaktoren und Prädiktoren für die Medikamentenadhärenz von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Chronischer Myeloischer Leukämie. Als Parameter des molekularen Therapieansprechens wurden Ergebnisse der routinemäßig durchgeführten Bestimmungen der BCR-ABL-Werte erfasst. Zur Bestimmung der Adhärenz dienten standardisierte psychometrische Instrumente, welche zu einer Fragebogenbatterie zusammengefasst wurden.
Von 13 onkologischen Praxen und Kliniken in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, welche sich initial bereit erklärt hatten, nahmen sieben Einrichtungen an der Studie teil. Aus diesen sieben onkologischen Behandlungseinrichtungen konnten die Fragebögen von 44 Patienten in die Untersuchung mit einbezogen werden. Insgesamt wurden drei Befragungen durchgeführt in einem Abstand von jeweils einem Jahr. Der Großteil der Patientinnen und Patienten befand sich im Untersuchungszeitraum in First-line TKI-Therapie. Als biologische Validation für die Medikamentenadhärenz wurde das molekulare Ansprechen auf den TKI benutzt. Gemäß der ELN-Leitlinien zur Behandlung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit CML stellt das Erreichen einer „Major Molecular Response“ (MMR=BCR-ABL / ABL-Ratio ≤ 0,1 %) ein optimales Therapieansprechen dar. Bei 34 Patientinnen und Patienten (77,3 %) konnte ein optimales Therapieansprechen in den 12 Monaten vor der Datenerhebung nachgewiesen werden. Das molekulare Ansprechen von 6 Patientinnen und Patienten (13,6 %) schwankte ohne Verlust der MMR. Bei 4 Patientinnen und Patienten (9,1 %) wurde ein Therapieversagen (nach ELN-Empfehlungen) deutlich. Das molekulare Ansprechen in den vergangenen 12 Monaten vor Beginn der Untersuchung korrelierte signifikant mit dem initialen molekularen Ansprechen. Die Auswertung ergab laut Patienten-Selbsteinschätzung eine fast durchgängig gute Medikamentenadhärenz. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Adhärenz-Selbst-einschätzung und dem molekularen Ansprechen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Untersucht wurde auch das Patientenwissen über die CML. Insgesamt zeigte ein Viertel der Patientinnen und Patienten gute bis befriedigende Kenntnisse. Das vorhandene Wissen geht zumeist auf die Informationen der behandelnden Onkologen zurück. Mehr als 50 % der Patientinnen und Patienten wünscht sich mehr Informationen zur CML und deren Behandlung. Entgegen der aktuellen Studienlage scheint das individuelle Wissen die Medikamentenadhärenz in unserer Studie kaum zu beeinflussen. In unserer Studie konnten wir allerdings feststellen, dass höheres Wissen über die CML signifikant mit geringerer wahrgenommener Bedrohlichkeit durch die CML korrelierte. Hinsichtlich des Geschlechts und des Patientenalters konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit dem Wissen über die CML detektiert werden. Patientinnen und Patienten mit geringerer Erkrankungsdauer zeigten ein höheres Wissen über das Krankheitsbild der CML. Wichtig ist es, Komorbiditäten wie depressive Symptome durch enge Anbindung an psychologische Zentren mit zu betreuen. Ein stabiles soziales Umfeld, ein gutes Arzt-Patienten- Verhältnis sowie eine starke subjektive Motivation einer jeden Patientin bzw. eines jeden Patienten sind sicherlich zentrale Säulen einer guten Adhärenz. Diese Faktoren bieten gleichzeitig Ansatzpunkte für Interventionen zur Steigerung der Therapietreue.
Neben Hygge, Krimis, Sauna und Lakritz gehört wohl nichts so eindeutig zum deutschen Stereotyp von den nordischen Gesellschaften wie der Wohlfahrtsstaat. Dabei wird er im Norden seit seiner Einführung zwiespältig diskutiert: Entmündigt er seine Bürger und Bürgerinnen? Und wie geht es dem Sozialstaat nach über 20 Jahren Neoliberalismus? Auch die Belletristik verhandelt den Wohlfahrtsstaat seit seinen Anfängen, und die Wissenschaft hat sich dem Thema in den letzten Jahren intensiv angenommen. Wie ubiquitär der Wohlfahrtsstaat als Vorstellungsrahmen für die Imagination eines gelungenen Lebens tatsächlich ist, möchte ich einleitend zu dieser Rubrik an einem eher untypischen literarischen Beispiel belegen:
Variability of Thyroid Measurements from Ultrasound and Laboratory in a Repeated Measurements Study
(2020)
Background: Variability of measurements in medical research can be due to different sources. Quantification of measurement errors facilitates probabilistic sensitivity analyses in future research to minimize potential bias in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate the variation of thyroid-related outcomes derived from ultrasound (US) and laboratory analyses in a repeated measurements study. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-five volunteers (13 females, 12 males) aged 22–70 years were examined once a month over 1 year. US measurements included thyroid volume, goiter, and thyroid nodules. Laboratory measurements included urinary iodine concentrations and serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroglobulin. Variations in continuous thyroid markers were assessed as coefficient of variation (CV) defined as mean of the individual CVs with bootstrapped confidence intervals and as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Variations in dichotomous thyroid markers were assessed by Cohen’s kappa. Results: CV was highest for urinary iodine concentrations (56.9%), followed by TSH (27.2%), thyroglobulin (18.2%), thyroid volume (10.5%), fT3 (8.1%), and fT4 (6.3%). The ICC was lowest for urinary iodine concentrations (0.42), followed by fT3 (0.55), TSH (0.64), fT4 (0.72), thyroid volume (0.87), and thyroglobulin (0.90). Cohen’s kappa values for the presence of goiter or thyroid nodules were 0.64 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion: Our study provides measures of variation for thyroid outcomes, which can be used for probabilistic sensitivity analyses of epidemiological data. The low intraindividual variation of serum thyroglobulin in comparison to urinary iodine concentrations emphasizes the potential of thyroglobulin as marker for the iodine status of populations.
TOPORAZ
(2020)
ZusammenfassungTOPORAZ ist eine virtuelle Forschungsumgebung, die ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes 3D-Modell des Hauptmarktes der Stadt Nürnberg in vier Zeitstufen mit einer Datenbank verknüpft. Diese Plattform für die objekt- und raumbezogene geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung verbindet vielfältige Quellen und Literatur mit den Gebäuden des 3D-Modells über Verknüpfungspunkte (Hotspots). TOPORAZ unterstützt übergreifende Forschungsansätze und vernetztes, transdisziplinäres Arbeiten.
Coastal sand dunes near the Baltic Sea are a dynamic environment marking the boundary between land and sea and oftentimes covered by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests. Complex climate-environmental interactions characterize these ecosystems and largely determine the productivity and state of these coastal forests. In the face of future climate change, understanding interactions between coastal tree growth and climate variability is important to promote sustainable coastal forests. In this study, we assessed the effect of microsite conditions on tree growth and the temporal and spatial variability of the relationship between climate and Scots pine growth at nine coastal sand dune sites located around the south Baltic Sea. At each site, we studied the growth of Scots pine growing at microsites located at the ridge and bottom of a dune and built a network of 18 ring-width and 18 latewood blue intensity chronologies. Across this network, we found that microsite has a minor influence on ring-width variability, basal area increment, latewood blue intensity, and climate sensitivity. However, at the local scale, microsite effects turned out to be important for growth and climate sensitivity at some sites. Correlation analysis indicated that the strength and direction of climate-growth responses for the ring-width and blue intensity chronologies were similar for climate variables over the 1903–2016 period. A strong and positive relationship between ring-width and latewood blue intensity chronologies with winter-spring temperature was detected at local and regional scales. We identified a relatively strong, positive influence of winter-spring/summer moisture availability on both tree-ring proxies. When climate-growth responses between two intervals (1903–1959, 1960–2016) were compared, the strength of growth responses to temperature and moisture availability for both proxies varied. More specifically, for the ring-width network, we identified decreasing temperature-growth responses, which is in contrast to the latewood blue intensity network, where we documented decreasing and increasing temperature-growth relationships in the north and south respectively. We conclude that coastal Scots pine forests are primarily limited by winter-spring temperature and winter-spring/summer drought despite differing microsite conditions. We detected some spatial and temporal variability in climate-growth relationships that warrant further investigation.
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common malign bone tumor in adults. Surgical
resection of the tumor is recommended because of its resistance to clinical treatment such as
chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, the prognosis for patients mainly depends on sufficient
surgical resection. Due to this, research on alternative therapies is needed. Cold atmospheric plasma
(CAP) is an ionized gas that contains various reactive species. Previous studies have shown an
anti-oncogenic potential of CAP on different cancer cell types. The current study examined the effects
of treatment with CAP on two chondrosarcoma cell lines (CAL-78, SW1353). Through proliferation
assay, the cell growth after CAP-treatment was determined. A strong antiproliferative effect for
both cell lines was detected. By fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay and ATP release assay, alterations
in the cell membrane and associated translocation of low molecular weight particles through the
cytoplasmic membrane were observed. In supernatant, the non-membrane-permeable FDA and
endogenously synthesized ATP detected suggest an increased membrane permeability after CAP
treatment. Similar results were shown by the dextran-uptake assay. Furthermore, fluorescence
microscopic G-/F-actin assay was performed. G- and F-actin were selectively dyed, and the ratio
was measured. The presented results indicate CAP-induced changes in cell membrane function and
possible alterations in actin-cytoskeleton, which may contribute to the antiproliferative effects of CAP.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gaining in importance and is linked to obesity.
Especially, the development of fibrosis and portal hypertension in NAFLD patients requires treatment.
Transgenic TGR(mREN2)27 rats overexpressing mouse renin spontaneously develop NAFLD with
portal hypertension but without obesity. This study investigated the additional role of obesity in this
model on the development of portal hypertension and fibrosis. Obesity was induced in twelve-week
old TGR(mREN2)27 rats after receiving Western diet (WD) for two or four weeks. Liver fibrosis
was assessed using standard techniques. Hepatic expression of transforming growth factor-β1
(TGF-β1), collagen type Iα1, α-smooth muscle actin, and the macrophage markers Emr1, as well as
the chemoattractant Ccl2, interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were analyzed.
Assessment of portal and systemic hemodynamics was performed using the colored microsphere
technique. As expected, WD induced obesity and liver fibrosis as confirmed by Sirius Red and Oil Red
O staining. The expression of the monocyte-macrophage markers, Emr1, Ccl2, IL1β and TNFα were
increased during feeding of WD, indicating infiltration of macrophages into the liver, even though this
increase was statistically not significant for the EGF module-containing mucin-like receptor (Emr1)
mRNA expression levels. Of note, portal pressure increased with the duration of WD compared
to animals that received a normal chow. Besides obesity, WD feeding increased systemic vascular
resistance reflecting systemic endothelial and splanchnic vascular dysfunction. We conclude that
transgenic TGR(mREN2)27 rats are a suitable model to investigate NAFLD development with liver
fibrosis and portal hypertension. Tendency towards elevated expression of Emr1 is associated with
macrophage activity point to a significant role of macrophages in NAFLD pathogenesis, probably
due to a shift of the renin–angiotensin system towards a higher activation of the classical pathway.The hepatic injury induced by WD in TGR(mREN2)27 rats is suitable to evaluate different stages of
fibrosis and portal hypertension in NAFLD with obesity
Previous studies have reported the fundamental role of immunoregulatory
proteins in the clinical phenotype and outcome of sepsis. This study investigated two functional single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3
(TIM-3), which has a negative stimulatory function in the T cell immune response. Methods: Patients
with sepsis (n = 712) were prospectively enrolled from three intensive care units (ICUs) at the University
Medical Center Goettingen since 2012. All patients were genotyped for the TIM-3 SNPs rs1036199 and
rs10515746. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Disease severity and microbiological findings
were secondary endpoints. Results: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly
lower 28-day mortality for TIM-3 rs1036199 AA homozygous patients compared to C-allele carriers
(18% vs. 27%, p = 0.0099) and TIM-3 rs10515746 CC homozygous patients compared to A-allele
carriers (18% vs. 26%, p = 0.0202). The TIM-3 rs1036199 AA genotype and rs10515746 CC genotype
remained significant predictors for 28-day mortality in the multivariate Cox regression analysis after
adjustment for relevant confounders (adjusted hazard ratios: 0.67 and 0.70). Additionally, patients
carrying the rs1036199 AA genotype presented more Gram-positive and Staphylococcus epidermidis
infections, and rs10515746 CC homozygotes presented more Staphylococcus epidermidis infections.
Conclusion: The studied TIM-3 genetic variants are associated with altered 28-day mortality and
susceptibility to Gram-positive infections in sepsis.