Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (82)
- Article (63)
- Final Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (146)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (146)
Keywords
- - (25)
- Biosphärenreservat (8)
- Vietnam (7)
- Ostsee (6)
- Deutschland (5)
- Geochemie (5)
- Germany (5)
- Tourismus (5)
- Fernerkundung (4)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (4)
- Nachhaltigkeit (4)
- Naturschutz (4)
- behavior change (4)
- bentonite (4)
- climate change (4)
- protected areas (4)
- Adaptation (3)
- Biosphärenreservate (3)
- Geopolymer (3)
- Großschutzgebiet (3)
- Holozän (3)
- Klimawandel (3)
- Pleistozän (3)
- Remote Sensing (3)
- Wirtschaftsgeographie (3)
- biosphere reserves (3)
- moral disengagement (3)
- smectite (3)
- Agri-food networks (2)
- Bach Ma Nationalpark (2)
- Bioökonomie (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Daseinsvorsorge (2)
- Deutschland <DDR> (2)
- Eiszeit (2)
- Empirische Sozialforschung (2)
- Forest dieback (2)
- Geografie (2)
- Geophysik (2)
- Geostatistics (2)
- Grand Societal Challenges (2)
- Habitat (2)
- Hydroakustik (2)
- Jura (2)
- Kommunalfinanzen (2)
- Landsat (2)
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (2)
- Meeresboden (2)
- Mikromorphologie (2)
- Mobilität (2)
- Monitoring (2)
- Nordostdeutschland (2)
- Nordsee (2)
- Partizipation (2)
- Perception (2)
- Peripherie (2)
- Politik (2)
- Reactive transport (2)
- Regionalentwicklung (2)
- Russland (2)
- Röntgendiffraktometrie (2)
- SEM–EDS (2)
- Südafrika (2)
- Tourism (2)
- Transformation (2)
- UNESCO (2)
- Vulnerability (2)
- case study (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- emotions (2)
- high-carbon behavior (2)
- lake sediments (2)
- lake-level changes (2)
- layer charge (2)
- metal substitution (2)
- moral motivation (2)
- organic supplements (2)
- palynology (2)
- pro-environmental behavior (2)
- soil erosion (2)
- sustainable development (2)
- tourism (2)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (2)
- (moral) emotions (1)
- ABM test (1)
- AHP (1)
- AMSWOT-Analyse (1)
- Abflussmenge (1)
- Acoustic Backscatter (1)
- Actinopterygii (1)
- Actor-based typology (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Agenda 21 (1)
- Agenda-Setting (1)
- Agri-Food Networks (1)
- Agricultural crop (1)
- Akteurzentrierter Institutionalismus (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Alkali-activated binder (1)
- Alkaliaktivierung (1)
- Alluvialebene (1)
- Altindustrieregion (1)
- Alumino-silicate glass (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Anatomie (1)
- Animal husbandry (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Anthropogene Klimaänderung (1)
- Anthropogener Einfluss (1)
- Applying GIS and Remote sensing (1)
- Aquatisches Sediment (1)
- Assemblage (1)
- Austria (1)
- Auswas (1)
- Authigenic carbonates (1)
- Bach Ma National Park (1)
- Backpacking (1)
- Balanced cross sections (1)
- Balkan (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Bayerischer Wald (1)
- Beach ridge (1)
- Benachteiligte Bevölkerungsgruppen (1)
- Benchmark material (1)
- Benthic macrofauna (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Bergmann’s rule (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Big Data (1)
- Biodiesel (1)
- Biophysical Parameters (1)
- Bioturbation (1)
- Bodenerosion (1)
- Business models (1)
- Bürgermeister (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Caledonian Deformation Front (1)
- Carbon isotopes (1)
- Carbonate microfacies (1)
- Carboniferous sequence (1)
- Caribbean region (1)
- Cayman Trog (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Changai (1)
- Change agents (1)
- China (1)
- Choice Experiment (1)
- Chondrichthyes (1)
- Clay mineral diagenesis (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Cluster Analysis (1)
- Cluster analysis (1)
- Coal mining (1)
- Cochrane–Orcutt procedure (1)
- Computational fluid dynamic simulations (1)
- Coniopterygidae (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Crete (1)
- Cuba (1)
- Cyprus (1)
- Cäsium-137 (1)
- DDT (1)
- Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP) (1)
- Darss-Zingst-Hiddensee (1)
- Deep geological repository (1)
- Dehydroxylierung (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Diagenese (1)
- Diatomeen (1)
- Dietary behavior (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dinosauria (1)
- Dinosaurier (1)
- Diskurs (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Diskursive Repräsentation (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Durchbruchstal (1)
- Durchführbarkeit (1)
- Düne (1)
- ERS (1)
- EU Water Framework Directive (1)
- Early Jurassic (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Eem-Interglazial (1)
- Eemian (1)
- Einflussgröße (1)
- Einzelhandel (1)
- Eisenmineralien (1)
- Eisflussmodellierung (1)
- Elektromobilität (1)
- Endlagerforschung (1)
- Endmoräne (1)
- Entstehung (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Erfolgsfaktor (1)
- Erholung (1)
- Ernährungsgewohnheiten (1)
- Ernährungsökologie (1)
- Eutrophication (1)
- Evaluierung (1)
- Evapotranspiration (1)
- Evolutionäre Wirtschaftsgeographie (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Fault-related folding (1)
- Fazies (1)
- Faziesanalyse (1)
- Fertilität (1)
- Finanzausgleich (1)
- Fische (1)
- Fischland-Darß-Zingst (1)
- Fiskalföderalismus (1)
- Flachmeer (1)
- Fleischkonsum (1)
- Fließgewässer (1)
- Focused ion beam polishing (1)
- Food labeling (1)
- Food policy (1)
- Food waste (1)
- Foraminiferen (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Framing (1)
- Freistaat Bayern (1)
- Friedland clay (1)
- Friedland tons (1)
- Friedlandton (1)
- Fächerecholot (1)
- Fähigkeitenansatz (1)
- Föderaler Okrug Sibirien (1)
- Förderbrunnen (1)
- GIS (1)
- Gegenwart (1)
- Gemeinde (1)
- Gemeindeentwicklung (1)
- Gemeinden (1)
- Generelle-Interessen-Skala (1)
- Genese (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geochronologie (1)
- Geodynamik (1)
- Geographies of Waste (1)
- Geographies of waste (1)
- Geoinformatik (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Geologie (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geostatistik (1)
- Germany <GDR> (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Gesellschaft für Industrieservice AG (1)
- Gesteinskunde (1)
- Gewässer (1)
- Glacial gastropod faunas of Central Europe recent in Central Asia (1)
- Glaciation (1)
- Glacitectonics (1)
- Glazitektonik (1)
- Global South regional policy (1)
- Governance (1)
- Gravettian (1)
- Great Caribbean Arc (1)
- Grimmen (1)
- Groundwater monitoring (1)
- Grubenwasser (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Grönland (1)
- HCH (1)
- HLRW (1)
- HLW- Endlager (1)
- HLW- repository (1)
- Halbinsel Kola (1)
- Hanoi (1)
- Heimat (1)
- Herkunft (1)
- Hiddensee (1)
- Highly porous structure (1)
- Hindernis (1)
- Hispaniola (1)
- Hochschulschrift (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Holocene climate change (1)
- Horizon 2020 (1)
- Hue (1)
- Hybodontiformes (1)
- Hydrochemistry (1)
- Hydrogeologie (1)
- Hydrogeology (1)
- Ibbenbüren (1)
- Ibbenbüren anthracite coal mine (1)
- Illit (1)
- Illit/Smektit (1)
- Illite morphology (1)
- In-situ Measurements (1)
- In-situ-Messungen (1)
- Indicator Kriging (1)
- Indikator-Kriging (1)
- Individualtourismus (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Indonesien (1)
- Information (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Inklusive Politik (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovationpolitik (1)
- Innovationspolitik (1)
- Institutional Analysis (1)
- Institutionalisierung (1)
- Interstadial (1)
- Isotop (1)
- Ispra / Space Applications I (1)
- Ispra / Space Applications Institute (1)
- Jakosbweg (1)
- Jamaika (1)
- Jasmund (1)
- Jurassic (1)
- Kaledoniden (1)
- Kaltzeitliche Gastropoden-Faunen Mitteleuropas rezent in Zenrtralasien (1)
- Kaolinite melting (1)
- Karbonat (1)
- Karbonatsystem (1)
- Karibik (1)
- Karibik <Nordwest> (1)
- Karibische Flutbasaltprovinz (1)
- Karte (1)
- Kartografie (1)
- Kartographiegeschichte (1)
- Kemerovo Oblast (1)
- Kemerowo (1)
- Kimmeridgian (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimaanpassung (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Kluster-Kriging (1)
- Kohle (1)
- Kohlenbergwerk (1)
- Komponentenanalyse (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriging (1)
- Krise (1)
- Kristallstruktur (1)
- Kuba (1)
- Kulturtourismus (1)
- Küstenentwicklung (1)
- Lackporlinge (1)
- Lake-level variation (1)
- Lakes (1)
- Lakustrisches Sediment (1)
- Land cover change (1)
- Land mapping unit (1)
- Land potential productivity assessment (1)
- Land suitability evaluation (1)
- Landbedeckungsänderung (1)
- Landeignungsbewertung (1)
- Lander Experiment (1)
- Landformanalyse (1)
- Landkartierungseinheit (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landpotenzialproduktivität (1)
- Landsat Time series analysis (1)
- Landscape Metrics (1)
- Landscape Monitoring (1)
- Landscape development (1)
- Landschaftsentwicklung (1)
- Landschaftsmonitoring (1)
- Landschaftsstruktur (1)
- Landschaftsstrukturanalyse (1)
- Landschaftsästhetik (1)
- Landslide hazard assessment (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laser Line Scanning (1)
- Late Jurassic (1)
- Late Pleistocene (1)
- Late-Holocene (1)
- Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Lexikometrie (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Life Cycle Assessment (1)
- Lithofazies (1)
- Lithologie (1)
- Logistische Regression (1)
- Lower Saxony (1)
- Lower Toarcian (1)
- Lumineszenz-Datierung (1)
- Luxustourismus (1)
- Ländlicher Raum (1)
- Lösungskinetik (1)
- MAB (1)
- MX80-bentonit (1)
- MX80-bentonite (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Madagaskar (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Management (1)
- Mangan (1)
- Map (1)
- Marine Habitat Mapping (1)
- Marine Habitatkartierung (1)
- Marokko (1)
- Mecklenburg (1)
- Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Meeresspiegelschwankung (1)
- Mergers and Acquisitions (1)
- Metakaolin (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- Micromorphology (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrostruktur (1)
- Mikrostrukturelle Analyse (1)
- Milos (1)
- Mine drainage (1)
- Mitteldevon (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Mittlere Elbe (1)
- Modellbildung (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modernisierung (1)
- Modernization (1)
- Molybdän (1)
- Mongolei (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Mongolischer Altai (1)
- Morocco (1)
- Mortalität (1)
- Mountain forests (1)
- Multi-channel shop (1)
- Multi-level perspective (1)
- Multibeam Echosounder (1)
- Multimodel inference (1)
- Multinationales Unternehmen (1)
- Murmansk (1)
- Muschelkrebse (1)
- NGO (1)
- NUTS2-Regionen (1)
- Nachhaltige Ernährung (1)
- Nachhaltige Ressourcennutzung (1)
- Nachrichtenanalyse (1)
- Nam Dinh Gebiet (1)
- Nam Dinh area (1)
- Nationalpark (1)
- Nationalpark Gesäuse (1)
- Nationalpark Hohe Tauern (1)
- Naturschutzbegründung (1)
- Naturschutzgebiete (1)
- Nehrung (1)
- Neotropics (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- New Zealand coals (1)
- New social commerce (1)
- Nichtregierungsorganisation (1)
- Niedersachsen (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nord Jasmund Fault (1)
- Nordatlantik-Oszillation (1)
- Nordsee <Süd> (1)
- North Atlantic Oscillation (1)
- Northeast German Plain (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Nutzwälder (1)
- OSL (1)
- Oberflächendatierung (1)
- Oblast Murmansk (1)
- Oblast’ Kemerovo (1)
- Old Red (1)
- Old industrial region (1)
- Online marketplace (1)
- Online-Marktplatz (1)
- Optische Fernerkundung (1)
- Oriente (1)
- Ostracodes (1)
- Ostseeküste (Südwest) (1)
- Ostseeraum (1)
- Oxygen isotopes (1)
- Ozeanversauerung (1)
- POSL (1)
- PRISMA (1)
- Paleoclimate (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Paläontologie (1)
- Paläoozeanographie (1)
- Participation (1)
- Peatland species mapping (1)
- Petrobaltic (1)
- Phragmites (1)
- Pilgern (1)
- Pilgrimage (1)
- Plasma spraying (1)
- Plattentektonik (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Pleistocene Europe (1)
- Pleistozän-Holozän-Grenze (1)
- Poland (1)
- Polen (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Pommersche Haupteisrandlage (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Pore-size distributions (1)
- Portable OSL (1)
- Potato industry (1)
- Principle Component Analysis (1)
- Process (1)
- Profilbilanzierung (1)
- Protected Area Management (1)
- Protokaribik (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Präferenzanalyse (1)
- Public parks (1)
- Pufferzone (1)
- Pumpe (1)
- Pumptests (1)
- Pupilla loessica (1)
- Pyrite (1)
- Qualitative Empirsiche Sozialforschung (1)
- Qualitative research (1)
- Quantitative emprische Sozialforschung (1)
- Quecksilber (1)
- Radiographie (1)
- RapidEye (1)
- Rapsanbau (1)
- Rauigkeit <Akustik> (1)
- Raumordnung (1)
- Reactive thin films (1)
- Regional Disparitäten (1)
- Regionale Geographie (1)
- Regionale Identität (1)
- Regionale Pfadentwicklung (1)
- Reisekostenmodell (1)
- Rektorit (1)
- Remote sensing (1)
- Repository research (1)
- Reptilien (1)
- Reservoir modelling (1)
- Residualbevölkerung (1)
- Residues (1)
- Ressourcenmanagement (1)
- Resuspension (1)
- Retail trade (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Roman Climate Anomaly (RCA) (1)
- Ruhrgebiet (1)
- Ruland / Vooružënnye Siss (1)
- Russia (1)
- SAR‐OSL dating (1)
- SEM-EDX (1)
- SW Baltic Sea (1)
- Satellitenbildauswertung (1)
- Scandinavian Ice Sheet (1)
- Schaalsee (1)
- Schutzgebiete (1)
- Schutzgebietseffektivität (1)
- Schutzgebietsmanagement (1)
- Seafloor Roguhness (1)
- Sedimentologie (1)
- Sedimenttransport (1)
- Seespiegelschwankungen (1)
- Seismik (1)
- Sentinel 2 (1)
- Sewage (1)
- Siberia (1)
- Sibirien (1)
- Site selection process (1)
- Social Research (1)
- Soziale Vulnerabilität (1)
- Sozialökologie (1)
- Sozio-ökonomische Entwicklung (1)
- Special-Use Forests (1)
- Spectral unmixing (1)
- Stadial (1)
- Standortauswahlgesetz (1)
- Statistical modelling (1)
- Stickstoffdüngung (1)
- Stockholm Convention (1)
- Structural analysis (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) (1)
- Sustainable Agriculture (1)
- Sustainable Development (1)
- Sustainable food systems (1)
- Sustainable production and consumption (1)
- Sustainable use of resources (1)
- Synthetic sandstone (1)
- Südafrika , Schwermetall , Mikroplastik , Pestizid , Sediment , Bioindikation , Umwelttoxizität , Seismik , Hexachlorcyclohexan , DDT (1)
- TESZ (1)
- TTZ (1)
- Tektonik (1)
- Teleostei (1)
- Thermische Analyse (1)
- Thin-skinned thrust tectonics (1)
- Thyreophora (1)
- Tiefenlager (1)
- Tierische Lebensmittel (1)
- Toarcian (1)
- Toarciconiopteryginae (1)
- Ton-Eisen interaktion (1)
- Tonmineral (1)
- Tonmineralogie , Diagenese , Sandstein , Porosität , Permeabilität (1)
- Topographie (1)
- Topography (1)
- Totholz (1)
- Touristische Karten der DDR (1)
- Transformationsländer (1)
- Transienten-Elektromagnetik (1)
- Transportprozesse (1)
- Treibhausgasemissionen (1)
- Trophie (1)
- True Cost Accounting (1)
- True Cost Accounting (TCA) (1)
- Typha (1)
- UNESCO-Biosphere reserve (1)
- UNESCO-Biosphärenreservat (1)
- USO-Project (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltbildung (1)
- Umweltökonomie (1)
- Urban green areas (1)
- V. parcedentata (1)
- Vallonia tenuilabris (1)
- Variogram (1)
- Variogramm (1)
- Vereisung (1)
- Vergletscherung (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verkehrsgeographie (1)
- Verlag (1)
- Verlagsgeschichte (1)
- Vertigo genesii (1)
- Volumenbilanz (1)
- Voronoi tessellation (1)
- Vulnerabilität (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wahrnehmung von Waldwerten (1)
- Wald (1)
- Waldschaden (1)
- Waldschäden (1)
- Wasserknappheit (1)
- Wassernachfrage (1)
- Wasseroberfläche (1)
- Wasserspiegelschwankungen (1)
- Wassertiefe (1)
- Water scarcity (1)
- Water-rock interaction (1)
- Waterberg Distrikt (1)
- Watt (1)
- Wattenmeer (1)
- Way of St. James (1)
- Wechsellagerung (1)
- Weichseleiszeit (1)
- Weichselian (1)
- Weichselvereisung (1)
- Weichtiere (1)
- Wiek Fault System (1)
- Wirbeltiere (1)
- Wirtschaft (1)
- Wirtschaftsgeografie (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Wälder (1)
- XRF scanning (1)
- Zement (1)
- Zentralasien (1)
- Zentrale Orte (1)
- Zentrum (1)
- Zoobenthos (1)
- acceptance (1)
- acoustic backscatter (1)
- agency (1)
- agri-food (1)
- akustische Rückstreustärke (1)
- alkali-activation (1)
- alternative Reiseformen (1)
- analysis (1)
- angiosperms (1)
- autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (1)
- baselevel-Zyklizität (1)
- beach ridge (1)
- beach ridge stratigraphy (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biologische Vielfalt (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biophysikalischer Parameter (1)
- biosphere reserve (1)
- bitumen (1)
- body size (1)
- buffer zone (1)
- business travel (1)
- calcium-rich hardwater lakes (1)
- capability approach (1)
- catalogue of criteria (1)
- charcoal (1)
- clay mineral (1)
- clay-iron interaction (1)
- climate awareness (1)
- climate behavior (1)
- climate conditions (1)
- climate elasticity (1)
- climate fluctuations (1)
- climate protection (1)
- climate variability (1)
- coalification (1)
- coastal evolution (1)
- coastal geomorphology (1)
- collective action (1)
- commuting (1)
- composite ridges (1)
- conservation (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- continental slope (1)
- contourites (1)
- corridor development strategies (1)
- crop production (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- deep‐marine deposits (1)
- dehydroxylation (1)
- demographic change (1)
- denial (1)
- depositional environment (1)
- destination image (1)
- destination loyalty (1)
- developing countries (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diatom (1)
- diatoms (1)
- dietary behavior (1)
- digital elevation models (1)
- diversity (1)
- ectogenic meromixis (1)
- electromobility (1)
- environmental psychology (1)
- eolian activity (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evaluation of ecological restoration measures (1)
- feasibility (1)
- food geographies (1)
- food markets (1)
- foredune progradation (1)
- forest value perception (1)
- funding data (1)
- geochemistry (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geographical variability (1)
- geology (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- glacier skiing (1)
- glaciers (1)
- glacitectonics (1)
- global production networks (1)
- globalization (1)
- greenfield FDI (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- gymnosperms (1)
- high temperatures (1)
- higher education (1)
- home office (1)
- hydration (1)
- ice flow model (1)
- illite/smectite (1)
- information (1)
- interdisziplinär (1)
- interlayers (1)
- interregional migration (1)
- interstratification (1)
- intervention (1)
- keine Angaben (1)
- kerogen (1)
- kulturelle Ökosystemleistungen (1)
- lake-level fluctuations (1)
- lake‐level variations (1)
- land degradation (1)
- land-use (1)
- landscape aesthetics (1)
- landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen (1)
- leaf-wax (1)
- leisure activities (1)
- literature review (1)
- long-term (1)
- low-carbon behavior (1)
- luminescence dating (1)
- luminescence profiling (1)
- luminescence-dating (1)
- ländlich (1)
- maar lake (1)
- marine habitat mapping (1)
- mayor (1)
- media representation (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbial diversity; (1)
- microstructural analyses (1)
- mine drainage (1)
- mobility (1)
- model-based (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- multibeam echosounder (1)
- multilevel perspective (1)
- n/a (1)
- nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- natural analougs (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- natürliche Waldentwicklung (1)
- natürliches Analogon (1)
- nearshore bar formation (1)
- network analysis (1)
- northeastern Germany (1)
- nutrients (1)
- ocean history (1)
- ocean sustainability (1)
- organic farming (1)
- organofacies (1)
- ostracodes (1)
- paleoenvironment (1)
- paleoenvironmental changes (1)
- paleomagnetic secular variations (1)
- paludiculture (1)
- participation (1)
- pelagites (1)
- peripher (1)
- petroleum potential (1)
- phenology (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- place and space (1)
- plate tectonics (1)
- proteced area management effectiveness (1)
- public parks (1)
- pyrolysis (1)
- qualitative Sozialforschung (1)
- qualitative social studies (1)
- radiocarbon dating (1)
- redox-sensitive trace metals (1)
- regional approach (1)
- regional identity (1)
- regional polarization (1)
- regional policy (1)
- regional sustainable development (1)
- replicability (1)
- repository (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- responsibility (1)
- rewetting (1)
- rural area (1)
- salinity changes (1)
- sea-level change (1)
- sediment (1)
- sediment volume (1)
- sedimentology (1)
- selective migration (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semi-arid (1)
- semi-arid Mongolia (1)
- smectite alteration (1)
- social-ecologic systems (1)
- social-ecological system (1)
- socio-economic development (1)
- sozial-ökologische Systeme (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- spatial prioritization (1)
- specific dissolution potential (1)
- specific surface area (1)
- spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- spezifisches Auflösungspotential (1)
- structural analysis (1)
- structural evolution (1)
- summer skiing (1)
- surface exposure dating (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainability transitions (1)
- sustainable consumption (1)
- sustainable developmental role (1)
- sustainable transformation (1)
- swelling (1)
- tectonic reconstruction (1)
- tephra layers (1)
- text mining (1)
- time series (1)
- tourist satisfaction (1)
- turbidites (1)
- universities (1)
- urban geography (1)
- validation (1)
- value chains (1)
- vegetation decomposition (1)
- volatility (1)
- vulnerability (1)
- waste repositories (1)
- water column (1)
- water content (1)
- water–rock interaction (1)
- wells (1)
- Änderung (1)
- Ökobilanz (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistungen (1)
- Ökotourismus (1)
- ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) (1)
Institute
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (146) (remove)
Publisher
- MDPI (20)
- Springer Nature (15)
- Copernicus (12)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (5)
- Wiley (5)
- SAGE Publications (2)
- De Gruyter (1)
- Elsevier (1)
- Nature Publishing Group (1)
Die auf der Kola-Halbinsel gelegene Oblast‘ Murmansk war weltweit die erste Territorialeinheit mit polarem Klima, die ab den 1920-er Jahren im Rahmen der sowjetischen Industrialisierung mit Strukturen zur Rohstoffgewinnung ausgestattet wurde. Aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung der hier gefundenen Elemente (Apatit, Buntmetalle, Eisen, Glimmer, Seltene Erden) wurden zahlreiche Städte und Siedlungen in dieser klimatisch sehr schwierigen Region errichtet und bis zum Ende der Sowjetunion weiter ausgebaut. Die Einwohnerzahl wuchs in dieser Zeit um das 50-fache auf rd. 1,2 Mio. an. Zu den Förderindustrien kommen die Funktionen als Verkehrsknotenpunkt für den russischen Außenhandel und die Versorgung nordsibirischer Rohstoffstandorte sowie als Standort der russischen Nordmeerflotte. Obwohl Wirtschaftsprofil und Bedeutung für das Mutterland nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion erhalten werden konnten, bestehen schwerwiegende sozioökonomische Probleme, deren deutlichster Ausdruck ein im russischen Vergleich weit überdurchschnittlicher Einwohnerverlust ist. Mit dem Ziel einer Bewertung von Zukunftschancen und -risiken schildert das vorliegende Buch die gegenwärtigen Strukturmerkmale der Region, ihre sozioökonomische Verflechtung sowie ihre Einordnung in administrative, fiskalische und ökonomische Hierarchien Russlands. Die dargelegten Strukturen, Prozesse und darauf fußende Schlussfolgerungen sind beispielhaft für beinahe alle anderen Regionen des russischen „Hohen Nordens“.
Multiproxy investigations of lacustrine sediments from Laguna Azul (52 °S) document multi-millennial Holocene influences of Southern Hemispheric Westerlies (SHW) on the hydroclimatic variability of south-eastern Patagonia. During the last 4000 years, this hydroclimatic variability is overprinted by centennial warm/dry periods. A cool/wet period from 11,600 to 10,100 cal. BP is succeeded by an early Holocene dry period (10,100–8300 cal. BP) with a shallow lake, strong anoxia, methanogenesis and high salinity. Between 8300 and 4000 cal. BP the influence of SHW weakened, resulting in a freshwater lake considered to be related to less arid conditions. Since 4000 cal. BP, regional temperature decreased accompanied by re-intensification of SHW reaching full strength since 3000 cal. BP. Centred around 2200, 1000 cal. BP and in the 20th century, Laguna Azul experienced century-long warm/dry spells. Between these dry periods, two pronounced moist periods are suggested to be contemporaneous to the ‘Dark Age Cold Period’ and the ‘Little Ice Age’. Different from millennial SHW variations, centennial fluctuations appear to be synchronous for South America and the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in solar activity, large volcanic eruptions and/or modulations of ocean circulation are potential triggers for this synchronicity.
Liu–II coal pit is a typical example of China’s deep coal mines which is seriously threatened by groundwater inrush from the underlying carboniferous Taiyuan limestone formation. An exhaustive data set of this confined aquifer exists. The aquifer lies 45 m∼ 60 m below the major coal seam. A traditional artesian aquifer test has been performed in order to assess the hydraulic properties, e.g. transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S). This artesian aquifer test is conducted with four simultaneously operating production wells while the discharge of each production well varied with time. The results of this test suggest that the aquifer is heterogeneous. Therefore, the according problems are: (1) how to analyze the artesian aquifer test with linearly declining discharge; (2) how to deal with multiple production wells in an aquifer test; (3) how to adequately consider aquifer heterogeneity. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to solve these problems. 1) As opposed to classical above-ground pumping tests, it is difficult to control the discharge rate of the production well in a deep mine artesian aquifer test since the hydraulic pressure is extraordinary high. Moreover the discharge rate won’t descend rapidly to zero, thus the analytical solution of Jacob and Lohman (1952) type curve for the artesian aquifer test will not be applicable. It is more reasonable to analyze the test as a pumping test with variable discharge. It is considered to rebuild a hydrogeological conceptual model which is similar with Theis (1935) model but with the variable discharge. A general equation for any discharge variability is given. Its application for the linearly declining discharge is presented subsequently, and a type curve of this equation with linearly declining discharge is given as well. After that, a simple numerical model is built by FEFLOW to simulate an artificial pumping test with the linearly declining discharge by assigning different parameter sets for transmissivity and storage coefficient. The type curve method is applied to evaluate transmissivity and storage coefficient for the linearly declining discharge well. The deviation between the given values of transmissivity and storage coefficient in FEFLOW and the values of those calculated by matching point are sufficiently small. Thus, when the discharge of production well declines linearly, a type curve method as an empirical method is reasonable and gives satisfactory values of these hydrogeological parameters. 2) In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a pumping test (or an artesian aquifer test) with several pumping wells (or production wells) which work simultaneously in order to discharge maximum quantity of groundwater. Normally, the superposition method or numerical simulation is applied to analyze the test result. However, a new approach called “Well Generalization Method” is defined and analyzed in this thesis. It is an easy–to–use approach for hydrogeologist to estimate the aquifer parameters while conducting an aquifer test. Since the key point of this approach is using a generalization well to substitute the pumping (or production) wells, it is obvious that this approach will generate the estimated error of parameters. Accordingly, several scenarios are analyzed and discussed based on the artificial type aquifer designed in FEFLOW. A homogeneous aquifer and a heterogeneous aquifer which is generated by geostatistical stochastic simulation technique (see 3)) are discussed separately. As a result, this approach is feasible and applicable under some conditions when the calculated observation well is arranged more than about 2.5 times the scale of the multi–pumping–wells field away from the center of the multi–pumping–wells field, furthermore, the maximum deviation of drawdown resulting from these observation wells will be less than 0.5 m, and the estimated value of transmissivity will be 0.44% smaller than real value. 3) Finally aquifer heterogeneity is addressed, in order to check the introduced method for applicability under realistic conditions. It has been described that aquifer heterogeneity plays a major role in hydrodynamic processes (e.g. de Marsily et al., 1998). Geostatistics which is considered as a useful tool for characterizing the spatial variability of transmissivity is applied to solve this problem. Based on the results of the artesian aquifer test conducted in Liu–II coal pit, a model of spatial variability of transmissivity is developed. Sequentially, the variogram model is applied in ordinary kriging to interpolate the transmissivity distribution, and in sequential Gaussian simulation to simulate a random field of transmissivity data in order to reflect its small scale variability. A comparison of the results of estimation and simulation of transmissivity indicates that the simulated values better reflect the spatial variability, reversely, the estimated values are much smoother.
Body-size variability results from a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors (environmental and biological influences) underpinned by phylogeny. In ostracodes it is assumed that body size is predominantly controlled by ecological conditions, but investigations have mostly focused on local or regional study areas. In this study, we investigate the geographical size variability (length, height, and width) of Holocene and Recent valves of the salinity-tolerant ostracode species Cyprideis torosa within a large geographical area (31°–51° latitude, and 12°–96° longitude). It is shown that distant local size clusters of Cyprideis torosa are framed within two large-scale geographical patterns. One pattern describes the separation of two different size classes (i.e., morphotypes) at around ∼42° N. The co-occurrence of both size morphotypes in the same habitats excludes an environmental control on the distribution of the morphotypes but rather could point to the existence of two differentiated lineages. Generally, correlations between valve size and environmental parameters (salinity, geographical positions) strongly depend on the taxonomic resolution. While latitude explains the overall size variability of C. torosa sensu lato (i.e., undifferentiated for morphotypes), salinity-size correlations are restricted to the morphotype scale. Another large-scale pattern represents a continuous increase in valve size of C. torosa with latitude according to the macroecological pattern referred as Bergmann trend. Existing explanations for Bergmann trends insufficiently clarify the size cline of C. torosa which might be because these models are restricted to intraspecific levels. The observed size-latitude relationship of C. torosa may, therefore, result from interspecific divergence (i.e., size ordered spatially may result from interspecific divergence sorting) while environmental influence is of minor importance. Our results imply that geographical body-size patterns of ostracodes are not straightforward and are probably not caused by universal mechanisms. Consideration of phylogenetic relationships of ostracodes is therefore necessary before attempting to identify the role of environmental controls on body size variability.
Calcitic valves of non-marine ostracodes are important geochemical archives. Investigations of the relationship between the ranges of oxygen and carbon isotope values of modern ostracode populations and their host water provide important information on local or regional conditions and influences. Here we present the first δ18Oostracode and δ13C of the freshwater ostracode species Cytheridella ilosvayi along with the isotopic composition of the waters in which the ostracodes calcified, δDwater, δ18Owater, δ13CDIC values—covering a large geographical range (Florida to Brazil). With this data we extended a newly developed approach based on the estimation of δ18O values of monthly equilibrium calcites as references for the interpretation of δ18Oostracode values. The expected apparent oxygen isotope fractionation between CaCO3 and H2O is correlated with temperature with smaller values occurring at higher temperatures as valid at isotope equilibrium (δ18Ocalcite_eq). Uncertainties about the expected equilibrium calcites derive from incomplete knowledge of high-frequency variations of the water bodies caused by interplay of mixing, evaporation, and temperature. Coincidence between δ18Oostracode and δ18Ocalcite_eq is restricted to few months indicating a seasonal calcification of Cytheridella. There is a characteristic pattern in its difference between mean δ18Oostracode and δ18Ocalcite_eq which implies that Cytheridella provides a synchronous life cycle in its geographical range with two calcification periods in spring (May, June) and autumn (October). This ubiquitous life cycle of Cytheridella in the entire study area is considered to be phylogenetically inherited. It might have originally been adapted to environmental conditions but has been conserved during the migration and radiation of the group over the Neotropical realm.
Durch den CO2-Anstieg in der Atmosphäre kann es zu einer zunehmenden Veränderung im gelösten Karbonatsystem sowie des pH-Wertes der Oberflächenwässer der Ozeane kom-men (IPCC, 1996). Die potenziellen Auswirkungen dieser so genannten Ozeanversauerung auf die Ökosysteme der Meere gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung (Buck und Folger, 2009). Beispielsweise verursacht eine Versauerung der Meere eine Verschiebung der Kar-bonatsättigungswerte im Wasser, welches Auswirkungen auf die Schalenbildung von Or-ganismen aber auch auf die Remineralisierung von organischem Material und auf die Lö-sung von Karbonaten im Meeresboden hat (Guinotte und Fabry, 2008). Im Rahmen des Projektes BIOACID wurde die vorliegende Arbeit durchgeführt. Ziel der Arbeit war, die aktuelle Pufferwirkung des Wattenmeeres für das gesamte Karbonatsystem der Nordsee zu bestimmen. Um das Karbonatsystem der Wassersäule und deren Interakti-on mit dem Sediment zu verstehen, war es notwendig, vorher die biogeo- und physiko-chemischen Grundlagen der Auflösung von biogenen und abiogenen Karbonaten im Sedi-ment zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurden zum einen Laborexperimente und zum anderen in-situ Feldexperimente durchgeführt, um das Reaktionsverhalten von Karbonaten aus dem Wattenmeer zu bestimmen. Für die Untersuchung des aktuellen pelagischen Karbonatsys-tems und der benthisch-pelagischen Kopplung wurden umfangreiche Beprobungen der Wassersäule (tidal, räumlich, saisonal) und zusätzlich von kleinen Prielen und vom Poren-wasser durchgeführt. Aus den Daten wurde ein auf delta13C(DIC) und DIC basierendes Modell entwickelt, welches zur Interpretation von Karbonatsystemen benutzt werden kann. Für alle Probennahmen und Experimente wurde verschiedene Parameter bestimmt, wie die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Karbonate, die Temperatur, der pH-Wert, die Haupt- und Spurenelemente, TA, delta13C (DIC), DIC. Zusätzlich wurden im Porenwasser die Sulfid- und Sulfatkonzentrationen gemessen. Das Sediment wurde auf Fe*, Mn* und Ca* sowie TC, TN, TS, TIC und TOC untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die untersuchten biogenen Karbonate (Mytilus edulis, Ce-rastoderma edule, Crassostrea spp., Ensis americanus, Spisula spp.) bis zu 0,1 logarithmi-sche Einheiten instabiler als die jeweiligen abiogenen Karbonate (Aragonit, Kalzit) waren. Dies war durch den Aufbau des Kristallgitter und deren eingebaute Organik erklärbar. Die Auflösungsraten wurden vom PCO2, der Temperatur, dem Salzgehalt, der Karbonatzusam-mensetzung, der Karbonatstruktur, der Korngröße und der Anwesenheit von Fremdionen beeinflusst. Es wurde eine Reaktionsordnung der biogenen und abiogenen Karbonate von 1 bis 2 bestimmt. Durch den Zusatz von Mn bzw. PO4 erhöhte sich die Reaktionsordnung auf 2,5 bis 3. Bei einer theoretischen Reaktionsordnung von 1 wurden Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten von lg (-4) bis lg (-3) bestimmt diese änderten dich durch die Zugabe von Fremdionen nur leicht zu negativeren Werten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Oberfläche durch Abschätzung über die Reaktionsrate am genausten war. Im Sediment konnten bei den in-situ Feldexperimenten eindeutige Lösungsvorgänge der Karbonate beobachtet werden. Es zeigten sich deutlich stärkere Lösungserscheinungen, wie Löcher und abgerundete Kanten, in den obersten Zentimetern als in tieferen Schichten. Dies ist durch die oxische bzw. suboxische Bedingungen erklärbar, die die besten Vorraus-setzungen für die Karbonatlösung gegeben. Durch die oxischen bzw. suboxischen Bedin-gungen sind die Fremdionen in Oxidiertem Zustand im Sediment vorhanden, dadurch sind diese inaktiv in Bezug auf inhibitorische Wirkungen auf die Karbonatlösung. Zusätzlich ist durch die Remineralisierungsprozesse (Manganreduktion, Eisenreduktion, Sulfatreduktion) das Porenwasser leicht an Karbonat untersättigt. Es konnte als vorherrschender Prozess eine Karbonatlösung festgestellt werden, die während der Jahreszeiten unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt war. Das Karbonatsystem in der Wassersäule zeigte deutliche tidale, räumliche und saisonale Änderungen. Diese zeigten Mischungsprozesse mit der Nordsee und Süßwasser an, aber auch Einflüsse von benthischen (Remineralisierung) und pelagischen (Primärproduktion) Prozessen. Die Einflüsse waren über die Jahreszeiten unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt. Während abfließenden Wassers trat Porenwasser aus dem Sediment und beeinflusste das Karbonatsystem des Wattemeers. delta13C (DIC) zeigte im Winter eine Korrelation mit dem Salzgehalt, was deutlich auf einen Mischungsprozess mit der Nordsee und den anderen Faktoren (Porenwasser, Süßwasser) schließen ließ. Dabei war die Nordsee der deutlich größere Einflussfaktor im Vergleich zu Porenwasser. Der Einfluss von Süßwasser direkt im Wattenmeer war sehr gering und auf Grund stark schwankender Abflussraten unregel-mäßig. Im Sommer konnten auf Grund einer Überlagerung des Mischungssignals durch biologische Aktivität in der Wassersäule keine Mischungsprozesse direkt gezeigt werden. Beim Vergleich von ostfriesischen und nordfriesischen Wattenmeer konnte gezeigt werden, dass dieselben Einflussfaktoren eine Rolle spielen. Die Variationsbereiche in diesen Gebieten waren wegen verschiedener Wasservolumina und Sedimente im Untergrund der einzelnen Tidebecken unterschiedlich hoch. Die Sedimenttypen hatten durch ihre unter-schiedlichen Transportmechanismen des Porenwassers einen Einfluss auf das Karbonatsys-tem der Wassersäule. Basierend auf diesen Daten konnte ein Modell zur Abschätzung der Quellen und Senken der Variablen des CO2-Systems entwickelt werden. Zur Modellierung werden lediglich die Werte von delta13C (DIC) und DIC benötigt, um alle Prozesse, welche das Karbonatsystem in der Wassersäule beeinflussen können, zu identifizieren. Das Modell kann tidale, saisonale und räumliche Prozesse trennen, welche zur Identifizierung der Quellen und Senken in Küstengebiete notwendig sind. Das Modell kann für alle Küstengebiete und Ästuare ange-wendet werden, aber auch für den offenen Ozean. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass das Wattenmeer eine Quelle von Karbonat sein kann. Um dies quantitativ abzuschätzen zu können, werden die hier erhobenen Daten in prognostische Modelle (Pätsch und Kühn, 2008; Kühn et al., 2010) einfließen, um abzu-grenzen in welchen Jahreszeiten das Watt als Quelle und wann als Senke für das Karbonat-system fungiert. In weiteren Arbeiten sollte der Einfluss der Fremdionen auf die Karbonatauflösung näher untersucht werden. In dieser Arbeit konnte der Einfluss in Laborexperimenten nachgewie-sen werden, in den in-situ Feldexperimenten aber nicht. Es sollte geklärt werden, auf wel-che Weise die Inhibition funktioniert und welche minimalen und möglicherweise maxima-len Konzentrationen inhibierend wirken. In diesem Zusammenhang wäre auch eine Unter-suchung sinnvoll, die auch oxidiertes Mangan in Form von Manganoxiden einsetzten bzw. Mangankrustenbildung in Zusammenhang mit Karbonatlösung und –fällung betrachten. Ein weiterer wichtiger Punkt ist der Einfluss der Mikroorganismen auf die Karbonatauflö-sung im Sediment zu untersuchen, bereits Knauth-Köhler, K. (1995) hat in ihrer Diplomar-beit in Miesmuschelbänken gezeigt, dass Mikrooganismen die Karbonatschalen beeinflus-sen.
The switch from working in-office to working from home in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on people’s mobility behavior. In view of the need for action arising from the ongoing challenge of climate change, these changes should be seen as an opportunity to reduce emissions in the traffic sector. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in work-related mobility that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic using the case of a multinational medium-sized retail chain situated in semi-rural Germany. The case study allowed us to examine those changes in connection with individual attitudes and perspectives of the company and its employees. Thus, we quantitatively recorded the mobility behavior of the company’s employees, followed by an expert interview to ascertain the company’s perspective. We found a reduction in the frequency of commuting and business trips made by employees, which seemed to continue beyond the COVID-19 crisis. However, according to our findings these changes were not based on individual motivation to act in a climate-aware manner but are subject to the framework conditions created by employers for the adoption of climate-friendly behavior. The results of this work could be used by companies and policymakers to create such favorable framework conditions.
Thermally treated kaolinite is used to develop a range of alumino‐silicate‐based precursor materials but its behavior during plasma spraying has not been well‐researched. In this study, two types of kaolinite samples were investigated in the form of low defect (KGa‐1b) and high defect (KGa‐2) varieties. The extreme temperatures of the plasma stream (up to 20 000 K) induced flash melting to produce a highly porous alumino‐silicate glass without any crystallization of new Al−Si oxide minerals. The glass is comprised largely of intact or deformed spheres (average diameters 1.14–1.44 μm), which indicates rapid quenching and solidification before impact. The subspherical structures contain up to 40 % closed pore space caused by the rapid escape of water during melting. The low‐density, porous alumino‐silicate glass coatings with predicted specific surface areas (>0.95 m2/g) and hardnesses >1.8 GPa represent a potentially reactive but physically stable substrate ideal for further chemical functionalization.
The New Zealand coal covering the complete maturity range from peat to high volatile bituminous, thus from early diagenetic to catagenesis coalification levels, has been studied in order to bring out new insights into molecular alterations, macromolecular structural evolution, elemental-compositional changes as function of maturation and to propose which processes cause these changes. As particular note from the previous observations that many immature coals from around the world often have rather high extraction yields. It is uncertain whether or not bitumen affecting on petroleum potential and structural evolution of coals. My purposes were therefore to find out the possible interaction between kerogen and bitumen during pyrolysis, and to elucidate the role of bitumen in defining petroleum potential and structural evolution of coals. Furthermore, it is assumed that low rank coals appear to be well suited for feeding the deep subsurface microbes. The products are released as either CO2 or CO that could be substrates for microbial activity. Thus, in this dissertation, I have calculated the loss of CO2 during diagenesis to give the quantitative feeding potential link to deep biosphere, using a mass balance model. To achieve these purposes, at the primary step, the facies variability as well as the molecular compositional changes within the coal band sequence in regard to distinguish the influences of organofacies and maturity need to be clear. Hence, the first aim was to gather information about depositional environment and insights into the plant communities that have contributed to New Zealand coals. Numerous organic-geochemical techniques were used to analyse the free lipids and macromolecular organic matter. Total organic carbon determination (TOC), bulk δ13Corg isotope analysis, the Rock-Eval pyrolysis, pyrolysis- gas chromatography and infrared spectrometry were performed on the original samples and the residue after solvent extraction. The crude lipid extract was separated into fractions that were then analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The obtained data shows that organic matter of New Zealand coals contains mainly terrestrial higher plant material, with a more or less constant background supply of bacterial biomass, deposited in oxidising environment. Angiosperms contributed as the main proportion of the organic matters. Gymnosperms, particularly the Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, Pinanceae and Araucariaceae conifer species, still dominated during the Cretaceous. New Zealand coal is classified as mixed gas- and oil-prone. Hydrogen index values increase from 120 to 280 (mg/g TOC) with increasing maturity, which has been explained by the loss of oxygen during diagenesis. A Transformation Ratio of CO2 (TRCO2) has been formulated here in order to quantify the loss of CO2 for any given coal type. It obviously shows CO2 generation is one of the major features of diagenesis that might feed the deep biosphere. In case of study, about 10 to 105 mg CO2 per gram of total organic carbon have been released during maturation from peat to high volatile bituminous. This is equivalent to 0.23 to 2.4 millimoles CO2 per g TOC. For methanogenesis via CO2 reduction, between 0.92 and 9.6 millimoles hydrogen would be required for complete CO2 reduction during diagenesis. Future work must determine if this is feasible or not. The important role of bitumen in defining the petroleum generation potential was elucidated. The presence of hydrogen transfer agents in bitumen helps to stabilize free radicals hence prevents recombination/ repolymerization processes thus preserving the petroleum generating potential in original coals. Specially, second-order reactions between kerogen and bitumen occurred during pyrolysis that reduce the primary gas yield, but increase the potential secondary gas as well as oil yields. Therefore, it is proposed that pre-extraction of source rocks before pyrolysis, especially coals where extraction yields are particularly high, is not recommended. The comparative investigation with previously studied higher rank Carboniferous German coals showed an excellent fit for both pyrolysis and infrared spectrometry data, suggesting that the New Zealand coals can be considered as natural precursors of the German coals. The structural evolution of coals during maturation is firstly characterized by the enrichment of the aliphatic structures in low rank, peat to high volatile bituminous, then decreases with further maturation. This enrichment of aliphatic carbon content in low rank is accompanied by an increase in the average aliphatic chain length. A slightly enrichment of CH3 group is observed in maturity range 0.9- 2.1% vitrinite reflectance. Secondly, during coalification the content of protonated aromatic carbons increases until R0 ~ 1.6%, then decreases with further maturation.
The present work is a paleolimnological orientated approach to refine and improve the indicator ability of freshwater ostracods from Holocene and Late glacial deposits in northeast Germany. The thesis follows two different approaches, one utilizes quantitative paleoenvironmental analysis, while the other evaluates ecological investigations of living specimens to extend the potential indicator group. For the first time quantitative ostracod analysis are carried out for a lacustrine basin (lake Krakower See) and a near-shore locality (Pudagla lowland) in the study area. The ecological investigation of living ostracods comprises 96 localities. The evaluation focused on environmental variables, which explain significantly the species composition. A canonical correspondence analysis identified at least four environmental parameters - water temperature, conductivity, pH-value, and mean water depth – which have an effect on ostracod assemblages. An extended analysis, which included only a subset of lake sites, revealed also that the former three environmental parameters affect the ostracod lake fauna, whereas the water temperature is the dominant factor. A temperature-transfer function could be regressed and calculated from the given trainingset by a weighted average model. These estimates can now be use in future paleolimnological investigations in northeast Germany to quantify the paleotemperature.