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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of resilience, alexithymia and the subjectively perceived severity (fear of death, pain intensity, helplessness) of myocardial infarction (MI) on posttraumatic symptom severity (PTSS) after MI. Patients were assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Resilience Scale (RS-11) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Subjectively perceived severity of MI was measured with three items on a 10-point Likert scale. To test our hypothesis, we applied Pearson correlations as well as multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. A higher resilience score was significantly associated with lower (r = − .39, p < .001) PTSS. Higher scores of alexithymia (r = .38, p < .01) and subjectively perceived helplessness (r = .42, p < .001) were associated with higher PTSS. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that resilience, the TAS-20 subscale difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) and especially subjectively perceived helplessness were independent significant predictors for the PTSS, adjusted R2 = .29, F(5, 102) = 9.57, p < .001. Our results suggest that resilience reduces the PTSS whereas alexithymia and subjectively perceived helplessness increase the risk. Especially the subjectively perceived helplessness explains a high degree of variance of PTSS and should be assessed to hindering further mental health burden.
Background: The mechanism of how childhood trauma leads to increased risk for adult dissociation is not sufficiently understood. We sought to investigate the predicting effects and the putatively mediating roles of PTSD and alexithymia on the path from childhood trauma to adult dissociation. Methods: A total of 666 day-clinic outpatients were administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and controlled for sex, age, and the Global Symptom Index (GSI). Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were applied. Results: Independent predictive effects on dissociation were found for childhood trauma, alexithymia and PDS, even after adjusting for GSI. Effects of childhood neglect on dissociation were slightly stronger than of abuse. Alexithymia did not mediate the path from childhood trauma to dissociation. Mediation by PDS was specific for childhood abuse, with all PTSD symptom clusters being significantly involved. Conclusions: Childhood abuse and neglect are important predictors of dissociation. While the effects of abuse are mediated by PTSD, the mechanism of how neglect leads to dissociation remains unclear. The results further support the predictive value of alexithymia for adult dissociation above and beyond the effects of childhood trauma, PTSD, and GSI scores.
Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Art der Assoziation von Traumatisierung bzw. posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung und Zwangsstörung mit besonderem Fokus auf der funktionellen Verknüpfung beider Störungen. Dabei wurde hypothetisch eine höhere Traumatisierungsrate bzw. PTSD-Erkrankungsrate bei Zwangsprobanden angenommen- mit wiederum verstärkendem Einfluss auf die Schwere der Zwangserkrankung. Untersucht wurden die Daten von 225 Zwangsprobenden und 133 Kontrollen aus dem Datensatz der GENOS-Multicenterstudie (German Epidemiologic Network for OCD-Studies) mit insgesamt 1352 klinischen und nichtklinischen Probanden. Für die Datenerhebung kamen der SADS-LA-IV oder der FISC zur Erfassung von DSM-IV-Diagnosen zur Anwendung. Anhand unserer vorliegenden Daten konnte weder eine höhere Real-Traumatisierungsrate noch eine signifikant gehäufte PTSD-Diagnose bei Probanden mit Zwangsstörung verglichen mit den Kontrollen gefunden werden. Es bestanden keine Assoziationen von OCD und PTSD bezüglich Trauma-Art, Erkrankungsschwere der OCD oder der Erkrankungsreihenfolge.