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The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), a population-based study from a rural state in northeastern Germany with a relatively poor life expectancy, supplemented its comprehensive examination program in 2008 with whole-body MR imaging at 1.5 T (SHIP-MR). We reviewed more than 100 publications that used the SHIP-MR data and analyzed which sequences already produced fruitful scientific outputs and which manuscripts have been referenced frequently. Upon reviewing the publications about imaging sequences, those that used T1-weighted structured imaging of the brain and a gradient-echo sequence for R2* mapping obtained the highest scientific output; regarding specific body parts examined, most scientific publications focused on MR sequences involving the brain and the (upper) abdomen. We conclude that population-based MR imaging in cohort studies should define more precise goals when allocating imaging time. In addition, quality control measures might include recording the number and impact of published work, preferably on a bi-annual basis and starting 2 years after initiation of the study. Structured teaching courses may enhance the desired output in areas that appear underrepresented.
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide and is caused by multifactorial interactions between host and oral bacteria. Altered cellular metabolism of host and microbes releases a number of intermediary end products known as metabolites. There is an increasing interest in identifying metabolites from oral fluids such as saliva to widen the understanding of the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis. It is believed that some metabolites might serve as indicators toward early detection and screening of periodontitis and perhaps even for monitoring its prognosis in the future. Because contemporary periodontal screening methods are deficient, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in periodontal screening procedures. To this end, we associated oral parameters (clinical attachment level, periodontal probing depth, supragingival plaque, supragingival calculus, number of missing teeth, and removable denture) with a large set of salivary metabolites (n = 284) obtained by mass spectrometry among a subsample (n = 909) of nondiabetic participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend-0). Linear regression analyses were performed in age-stratified groups and adjusted for potential confounders. A multifaceted image of associated metabolites (n = 107) was revealed with considerable differences according to age groups. In the young (20 to 39 y) and middle-aged (40 to 59 y) groups, metabolites were predominantly associated with periodontal variables, whereas among the older subjects (≥60 y), tooth loss was strongly associated with metabolite levels. Metabolites associated with periodontal variables were clearly linked to tissue destruction, host defense mechanisms, and bacterial metabolism. Across all age groups, the bacterial metabolite phenylacetate was significantly associated with periodontal variables. Our results revealed alterations of the salivary metabolome in association with age and oral health status. Among our comprehensive panel of metabolites, periodontitis was significantly associated with the bacterial metabolite phenylacetate, a promising substance for further biomarker research.
Aim
To determine the long-term effects of the use of powered tooth brush (PTB) in comparison to manual tooth brush (MTB) on periodontitis severity, coronal caries experience, and the number of missing teeth using in a population-based cohort study.
Materials and Methods
Using 7-year follow-up data of 2214 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND), comprehensively adjusted linear models using generalized least squares and ordinal regression models estimated the effects of PTB usage on dental outcomes in complete case and imputed data.
Results
At follow-up, PTB users had lower medians for mean probing depth (PD; 2.21 mm) and mean clinical attachment levels (1.73 mm) than MTB users (2.30 and 1.96 mm, respectively). Adjusted models revealed the beneficial effects of PTB usage on follow-up levels of plaque, bleeding on probing, mean PD, percentage of sites with PDs ≥4 mm, mean clinical attachment levels (all, interdental, and non-interdental sites, respectively), and the number of missing teeth. For the number of missing teeth, the effects were more pronounced in participants aged ≥50 years. No significant effects of PTB usage on the number of decayed or filled surfaces (all and interdental sites) were found.
Conclusions
A recommendation of PTB usage in dental practice could contribute to the long-term promotion of oral health.
Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung eines Instrumentariums zur Abschätzung der präventiven Ergebnisqualität in einer Zahnarztpraxis auf Basis epidemiologischer Daten (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-0) zum Vergleich altersgruppenspezifischer Zahnverlustkurven. Aus den Praxisakten von vorher definierten Monaten wurden über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren Patientengruppen gebildet in denen randomisiert eine Stichprobe je 5-Jahres-Alters- und Geschlechtsstratum gezogen wurde. In sieben Praxen wurden aus der Praxisdokumentation Praxisprofile bezüglich der Zahnzahl der Patienten (20-74 Jahre) erstellt und mit der SHIP-0-Population verglichen. Weiterhin wurde der altersspezifische Zahnverlust der Probanden in den Praxen und bei SHIP-0 mittels der negativ-binomialen Regression modelliert und die angepassten Zahnverlustkurven verglichen, um den Einfluss der Zahnarztpraxis auf den Zahnverlust zu beschreiben. Die Daten von 1497 Praxispatienten und 3990 SHIP-0-Probanden wurden ausgewertet. Die Effektstärke wurde operationalisiert als Inzidenzraten-Ratio (IRR). Die IRR für den Zahnverlust zeigen für alle Zahnarztpraxen einen protektiven Effekt (IRR=0,38-0,68; p<0,001) im Vergleich zu den SHIP-0-Probanden. Anhand des Vergleichs des altersabhängigen Zahnverlustes im Praxisprofil mit einem Referenzprofil aus den bevölkerungsrepräsentativen SHIP-0-Daten kann die grundsätzliche Eignung dieses Instruments für das Qualitätsmanagement und Benchmarking bestätigt werden. Weiterführend sollten die Vergleiche für individuelle patientenseitige Risikofaktoren für Zahnverlust (u.a. sozioökonomischer Status, Rauchstatus) adjustiert und damit das erarbeitete Modell spezifiziert werden.
Life-threatening toxic shock syndrome is often caused by the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. A well-known risk factor is the lack of neutralizing antibodies. To identify determinants of the anti-TSST-1 antibody response, we examined 976 participants of the German population-based epidemiological Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). We measured anti-TSST-1 antibody levels, analyzed the colonization with TSST-1-encoding S. aureus strains, and performed a genome-wide association analysis of genetic risk factors. TSST-1-specific serum IgG levels varied over a range of 4.2 logs and were elevated by a factor of 12.3 upon nasal colonization with TSST-1-encoding S. aureus. Moreover, the anti-TSST-1 antibody levels were strongly associated with HLA class II gene loci. HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01 were positively, and HLA-DRB1*01:01 as well as HLA-DQB1*05:01 negatively associated with the anti-TSST-1 antibody levels. Thus, both toxin exposure and HLA alleles affect the human antibody response to TSST-1.