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Molecular Mechanisms of Bortezomib Action: Novel Evidence for the miRNA−mRNA Interaction Involvement
(2020)
Bortezomib is an anti-tumor agent, which inhibits 26S proteasome degrading ubiquitinated
proteins. While apoptotic transcription-associated activation in response to bortezomib has been
suggested, mechanisms related to its influence on post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated
regulation by non-coding RNAs remain not fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined
changes in global gene and miRNA expression and analyzed the identified miRNA–mRNA interactions
after bortezomib exposure in human neuroblastoma cells to define pathways affected by this agent in
this type of cells. Cell viability assays were performed to assess cytotoxicity of bortezomib. Global gene
and miRNA expression profiles of neuroblastoma cells after 24-h incubation with bortezomib were
determined using genome-wide RNA and miRNA microarray technology. Obtained results were
then confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Further bioinformatical analysis was performed
to identify affected biological processes and pathways. In total, 719 genes and 28 miRNAs were
downregulated, and 319 genes and 61 miRNAs were upregulated in neuroblastoma cells treated with
bortezomib. Possible interactions between dysregulated miRNA/mRNA, which could be linked to
bortezomib-induced neurotoxicity, affect neurogenesis, cellular calcium transport, and neuron death.
Bortezomib might exert toxic effects on neuroblastoma cells and regulate miRNA–mRNA interactions
influencing vital cellular functions. Further studies on the role of specific miRNA–mRNA interactions
are needed to elucidate mechanisms of bortezomib action.
In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass miR-502 in vitro in der pankreatischen Tumorzelllinie
PaTuT Proteine des cNHEJ supprimiert. Dazu wurden in PaTuT-Zellen die miR-502
überexprimiert und mittels qPCR, Luciferase-Assay und Western-Blot die mRNA sowie die
Proteinmenge im Bezug zu einer Kontrollgruppe bestimmt. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass
sowohl die Proteine Ku70 und XLF herunterreguliert werden, als auch deren mRNAs, während
Ku80 nur auf Proteinebene signifikante Unterschiede im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe zeigte.
Für Ligase 4, die in Vorversuchen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Moskwa auch potentiell von miR-
502 inhibiert wurde, konnten keine Unterschiede zur Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden.
Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass miR-502 am stärksten in der G1 und S-Phase des
Zellzyklus exprimiert ist und somit in den Phasen, indem das cNHEJ inhibiert ist. Damit ist
miR-502 die erste bekannte miRNA, die mehrere Proteine des cNHEJ reguliert und daher eine
interessante miRNA für einen möglichen Therapieansatz. Eine Verschiebung des Zellzyklus
durch miR-502 konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Dies kann durch Zelllinien-spezifische
Unterschiede verursacht worden sein. Nach Bestrahlung der Zellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass
Zellen mit überexprimierter miR-502 nach Bestrahlung mehr Doppelstrangbrüche aufwiesen
und nach Bestrahlung weniger Zellen überlebten, was darauf hinweist, dass Zellen mit
überexprimierter miR-502 die Doppelstrangbrüche schlechter reparieren können.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Acquired inherited and/or somaticmutations drive its development. In order to prevent the formation of these mutations, precise and immediaterepair of any DNA damage is indispensable. Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the key mechanism of DNAdouble-strand break repair. Here, we report that miR-502 targets two components in pancreatic cell lines, Ku70and XLF of the C-NHEJ. Interestingly, we also observed an attenuated cell cycle response to gamma ionizingradiation (γ-IR) via diminished phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) on serine 345 in these cell lines.Altogether, pancreatic cells showed increased susceptibility toγ-IR via direct inhibition of DNA double-strandbreak repair and attenuation of the cell cycle response.
Despite recent advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired drug resistance to targeted therapy remains a major obstacle. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a key resistance mechanism in NSCLC. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of key EMT-regulating small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in sublines of the NSCLC cell line HCC4006 adapted to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, or osimertinib. The most differentially expressed miRNAs derived from extracellular vesicles were associated with EMT, and their predicted target ZEB1 was significantly overexpressed in all resistant cell lines. Transfection of a miR-205-5p mimic partially reversed EMT by inhibiting ZEB1, restoring CDH1 expression, and inhibiting migration in erlotinib-resistant cells. Gene expression of EMT-markers, transcription factors, and miRNAs were correlated during stepwise osimertinib adaptation of HCC4006 cells. Temporally relieving cells of osimertinib reversed transition trends, suggesting that the implementation of treatment pauses could provide prolonged benefits for patients. Our results provide new insights into the contribution of miRNAs to drug-resistant NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations and highlight their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the modulation of the DNA-damage response (DDR) and upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), their expression fluctuates. In this study, we propose a workflow that enables the creation of regulatory networks by integrating transcriptomics data as well as regulatory data in order to better understand the interplay between genes, transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and lncRNAs in the cellular response to IR. We preprocessed and analyzed publicly available gene expression profiles and then applied our consensus and integration approach using open source data and tools. To exemplify the benefits of our proposed workflow, we identified a total of 32 differentially expressed transcripts corresponding to 20 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and using these DEGs, we constructed a regulatory network consisting of 106 interactions and 100 nodes (11 DEGs, 78 miRNAs, 1 DEG acting as a TF, and 10 lncRNAs). Overrepresentation analyses (ORAs) furthermore linked our DEGs and miRNAs to annotations pertaining to the DDR and to IR. Our results show that MDM2 and E2F7 function as network hubs, and E2F7, miR-25-3p, let-7a-5p, and miR-497-5p are the four nodes with the highest betweenness centrality. In brief, our workflow, that is based on open source data and tools, and that generates a regulatory network, provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms involving miRNAs and lncRNAs in the cellular response to IR.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mittels RP (rapid pacing) in vitro bzw. RAP (rapid atrial pacing) in vivo die Bedeutung der miRNAs-1 und -328 für Remodeling-Vorgänge bei Vorhofflimmern zu untersuchen. Von Interesse ist dabei einerseits die Bestimmung des zeitabhängigen Expressionsniveaus der miRNAs unter RP, während andererseits die Auswirkungen ihres funktionellen „knock-down“ auf das Protein-Expressionsmuster von Kardiomyozyten untersucht werden. Für die geplanten Analysen (RT-qPCR, 2-D-Gelelektrophorese) solletn primäre Schweine- und Mauskardiomyozyten sowie die murine HL-1-Kardiomyozytenlinie als Modelle dienen. Im Zentrum der Untersuchungen stehen dabei akut eintretende Veränderungen, da diese für den pathophysiologischen Übergang in die persistierende Rhythmusstörung relevant sind, aber aufgrund der möglichen reversiblen Natur interessante therapeutische Optionen eröffnen könnten. Aufbauend auf die bereits gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in der Literatur soll diese Arbeit einen Beitrag für das Verständnis von atrialen Remodeling-Prozessen leisten, die das Vorhofflimmern zu einer chronischen Krankheit mit erheblichen Komplikationen machen.
APOE ε4 in Depression-Associated Memory Impairment—Evidence from Genetic and MicroRNA Analyses
(2022)
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to replicate a reported interaction between APOE ε4 status and depression on memory function in two independent, nondemented samples from the general population and to examine the potential role of circulating plasma miRNAs. (2) Methods: The impact of the APOE ε4 allele on verbal memory and the interaction with depression is investigated in two large general-population cohorts from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, total n = 6286). Additionally, biological insights are gained by examining the potential role of circulating plasma miRNAs as potential epigenetic regulators. Analyses are performed using linear regression models adjusted for relevant biological and environmental covariates. (3) Results: Current depression as well as carrying the APOE ε4 allele were associated with impaired memory performance, with increasing effect for subjects with both risk factors. In a subcohort with available miRNA data subjects with current depressive symptoms and carrying APOE e4 revealed reduced levels of hsa-miR-107, a prominent risk marker for early Alzheimer’s Disease. (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm the effect of depressive symptoms and APOE ε4 status on memory performance. Additionally, miRNA analysis identified hsa-miR-107 as a possible biological link between APOE ε4, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment.