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Background
Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that often leads to premature incapacity for work. Therefore, the MSnetWork project implements a new form of care and pursues the goal of maintaining or even improving the state of health of MS patients and having a positive influence on their ability to work as well as their participation in social life. A network of neurologists, occupational health and rehabilitation physicians, psychologists, and social insurance suppliers provide patients with targeted services that have not previously been part of standard care. According to the patient’s needs treatment options will be identified and initiated.
Methods
The MSnetWork study is designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial, with two parallel groups (randomization at the patient level with 1:1 allocation ratio, planned N = 950, duration of study participation 24 months). After 12 months, the patients in the control group will also receive the interventions. The primary outcome is the number of sick leave days. Secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life, physical, affective and cognitive status, fatigue, costs of incapacity to work, treatment costs, out-of-pocket costs, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction with therapy.
Intervention effects are analyzed by a parallel-group comparison between the intervention and the control group. Furthermore, the long-term effects within the intervention group will be observed and a pre-post comparison of the control group, before and after receiving the intervention in MSnetWork, will be performed.
Discussion
Due to the multiple approaches to patient-centered, multidisciplinary MS care, MSnetWork can be considered a complex intervention. The study design and linkage of comprehensive, patient-specific primary and secondary data in an outpatient setting enable the evaluation of this complex intervention, both on a qualitative and quantitative level. The basic assumption is a positive effect on the prevention or reduction of incapacity for work as well as on the patients’ quality of life. If the project proves to be a success, MSnetWork could be adapted for the treatment of other chronic diseases with an impact on the ability to work and quality of life.
Trial registration
The trial MSnetWork has been retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) since 08.07.2022 with the ID DRKS00025451.
Background:
Epilepsy development during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be the result of cortical pathology. However, no long-term data exist on whether epilepsy in MS also leads to increasing disability over time.
Objective:
To examine if epilepsy leads to more rapid disease progression.
Methods:
We analyzed the data of 31,052 patients on the German Multiple Sclerosis Register in a case–control study.
Results:
Secondary progressive disease course (odds ratio (OR) = 2.23), age (OR = 1.12 per 10 years), and disability (OR = 1.29 per Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) point) were associated with the 5-year prevalence of epilepsy. Patients who developed epilepsy during the course of the disease had a higher EDSS score at disease onset compared to matched control patients (EDSS 2.0 vs 1.5), progressed faster in each dimension, and consequently showed higher disability (EDSS 4.4 vs 3.4) and lower employment status (40% vs 65%) at final follow-up. After 15 years of MS, 64% of patients without compared to 54% of patients with epilepsy were not severely limited in walking distance.
Conclusion:
This work highlights the association of epilepsy on disability progression in MS, and the need for additional data to further clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Im Rahmen der klinischen Phase III Zulassungsstudie bewirkte Cladribin einen positiven Effekt auf den Krankheitsverlauf der schubförmig remittierenden Multiplen Sklerose (relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, RRMS). Bis heute bleibt der verantwortliche Wirkmechanismus im Detail ungeklärt. Neben den bekannten zytotoxischen Effekten könnten zusätzliche immunmodulatorische Effekte einen Teil des Wirkmechanismus darstellen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es mögliche immunmodulatorische Effekte von Cladribin außerhalb des zytotoxischen Wirkungsbereichs des Medikaments zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde zunächst der direkte Effekt einer Behandlung mit klinisch relevanten Cladribinkonzentrationen auf das Apoptoseverhalten von peripheren mononukleären Zellen (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs), CD4+ T-Zellen und CD8+ T-Zellen in vitro untersucht. Anschließend wurde ein experimentelles Model entwickelt mit dem die Auswirkungen einer initialen Cladribinbehandlung auf das langfristige Proliferationsverhalten und die Zytokinsekretion überlebender PBMCs in Abwesenheit von Cladribin getestet werden konnten. Die initiale Behandlung mit Cladribin wirkte akut zytotoxisch, übte aber keine langfristigen zytotoxischen Effekte auf das Proliferationsverhalten überlebender PBMCs aus. In diesen Zellen wurde allerdings bei Restimulation mit anti-CD3/anti-CD28-Antikörpern eine Verschiebung des Zytokinprofils zugunsten antiinflammatorischer Zytokine beobachtet. Dies zeigte sich in einer signifikant erhöhten Ausschüttung von IL-4 (Tag 9, 44 und 58, p < 0,01) und IL-5 (Tag 9, p < 0,01), einem erhöhten IL-4/IFN-gamma Quotienten (Tag 9, p < 0,05; Tag 44 und 58, p < 0,01) und einem Trend zur vermehrten IL-10 Sekretion. Es wurden keine signifikanten Veränderungen von IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-8 und IL-6 beobachtet. Somit führte eine initiale Behandlung von PBMCs mit klinisch relevanten Cladribin-konzentrationen in vitro zu einer langanhaltenden Verschiebung des Zytokinprofils zugunsten antiinflammatorischer Zytokine. Diese immunmodulatorischen Cladribineffekte könnten mitverantwortlich für die positive Beeinflussung des Krankheitsverlaufes in RRMS Patienten sein. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte Versuchsaufbau eine in vitro Untersuchung immunmodulatorischer Effekte primär immunsuppressiv wirkender Medikamente außerhalb der zytotoxischen Wirkungsbereiche. Dieser Versuchsaufbau könnte daher in Zukunft auch zur Untersuchung möglicher immunmodulatorischer Wirkmechanismen anderer MS Therapeutika genutzt werden.