Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (4) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (4)
Keywords
- - (2)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Nötzel (1)
- cancer (1)
- family (1)
- geriatric medicine (1)
- learning environment (1)
- medical education (1)
- mental health (1)
- oncology (1)
- psychosocial needs (1)
- public health (1)
- quality of life (1)
- statistics & research methods (1)
- undergraduate medical students (1)
Institute
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie (4) (remove)
Publisher
Hintergrund: Das gemeinsame Auftreten von verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren, speziell das Tabakrauchen, der gesundheitsriskante Alkoholkonsum, Übergewicht/Adipositas und mangelnde körperliche Aktivität stellt eine enorme Herausforderung für die öffentliche Gesundheit dar. Aktuell ist deren Verbreitung sowie deren soziodemografische Prädiktoren bei Krankenhauspatient*innen mit nicht-übertragbaren Erkrankungen unzureichend beschrieben.
Ziel: Zum einen untersuchte diese Arbeit die Verbreitung der vier verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren bei Krankenhauspatient*innen. Zum anderen wurden soziodemografische Prädiktoren der verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren bei Krankenhauspatient*innen mit nicht-übertragbaren Erkrankungen, d.h. mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Krebserkrankungen, chronischen Erkrankungen des Atmungssystems sowie Diabetes mellitus Typ II, untersucht.
Methode: An einem Universitätsklinikum in Vorpommern wurde über 17 Monate hinweg ein systematisches Patientenscreening hinsichtlich derer verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren sowie soziodemografischen Faktoren durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten 5.762 Patient*innen im Alter von 18 bis 64 Jahren in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren wurden Häufigkeiten sowie 95%-Konfidenzintervalle ermittelt. Zur Untersuchung von Prädiktoren verhaltensbasierter Risikofaktoren wurden logistische Regressionen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Von allen Krankenhauspatient*innen litten über die Hälfte an nicht-übertragbaren Erkrankungen (n=3.214, 55,7 %). Insgesamt wiesen in allen vier untersuchten Fachabteilungen des Krankenhauses 96,2 % der Patient*innen (58,6 % männlich) mindestens einen und 71,4 % zwei oder mehr verhaltensbasierte Risikofaktoren auf. In der Subgruppe der Krankenhauspatient*innen mit nicht-übertragbaren Erkrankungen waren die Häufigkeiten vergleichbar. Über fast alle Erkrankungsgruppen hinweg zeigte sich, dass es bei den verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren zu einem eher homogenen Auftreten hinsichtlich ihrer soziodemografischen Prädiktoren kam.
Diskussion: Es besteht ein ausgesprochener Bedarf an systematischen Screening- sowie Interventionsmaßnahmen bei Krankenhauspatient*innen hinsichtlich ihrer verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren. Dabei sollten v.a. multiple Risikoverhaltensmuster gleichzeitig adressiert werden. Maßnahmen zur Prävention sollten zielgruppenorientiert entwickelt und umgesetzt werden, wobei soziodemografische Unterschiede bei verhaltensbasierten Risikofaktoren zu berücksichtigen sind. Im Sinne der Primär-, Sekundär- sowie Tertiärprävention sollte das Auftreten nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen bei bislang noch nicht erkrankten Patient*innen verhindert und der Behandlungserfolg sowie die Prognose bei bereits erkrankten Patient*innen verbessert werden.
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting many areas of life and has led to major changes in undergraduate medical education. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, high mental burden of medical students has frequently been reported in the literature. Additional pandemic-specific stressors could exacerbate this situation. This study aimed to assess mental health outcomes among medical students during the first semester after the COVID-19 outbreak and perception of the students on how the learning environment has changed. In May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among undergraduate medical students at a large medical school in Germany. The survey included validated mental health instruments (Distress Thermometer, Patient Health Questionnaire 4) and self-developed items to examine the perception of the study situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Open-ended questions were analyzed by conventional content analyses. The response rate was 59.2% (914/1,545). Overall, 61.9% of the students reported distress levels above the cutoff. Year 1 students reported significantly higher levels of distress, anxiety and depression than students during their second to fourth year of studies. 48.3% of the students indicated a decrease in their study motivation since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic with significant differences between study years. The binary logistic regression model showed that male gender, being in study year 2, higher distress scores and higher symptoms of depression were significantly associated with a higher likelihood for experiencing serious worries. In the open-ended questions on current concerns related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their studies, students most frequently reported concerns about missing relevant practical learning experience, difficulties with self-regulated learning and self motivation as well as study-related worries. Year 4 students reported significantly more worries about the lack of practical training than students from study years 1 to 3. Analysis of gender differences showed that female students reported more frequently diverse worries. In contrast, female students shared more frequently helpful strategies in all the categories compared to male students. Our findings suggest that medical students experience significant levels of distress and mental burden during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the need for ongoing psychological and educational support for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and after.
Objectives
To give an overview over the associations between self-reported health literacy and medication adherence in older adults.
Design
A systematic literature review of quantitative studies published in English and German.
Data sources
MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and LIVIVO were searched.
Eligibility criteria
Included studies had to examine the associations between self-reported health literacy and medication adherence in the elderly (samples including ≥66% of ≥60 years old) and had to use a quantitative methodology and had to be written in English or German.
Data extraction and synthesis
All studies were screened for inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis was applied to analyse all included studies thematically. Quality assessment was conducted using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.
Results
We found 2313 studies, of which nine publications from eight studies were included in this review. Five studies reported a majority of participants with limited health literacy, one study reported a majority of participants with adequate health literacy, and three publications from two studies only reported mean levels of health literacy. Eight publications from seven studies used self-reports to measure medication adherence, while one study used the medication possession ratio. Overall, six publications from five studies reported significantly positive associations between health literacy and medication adherence while two studies reported positive but non-significant associations between both constructs and one study reported mixed results.
Conclusion
In this review, associations between self-reported health literacy and medication adherence are rather consistent, indicating positive associations between both constructs in older adults. However, concepts and measures of health literacy and medication adherence applied in the included studies still show a noteworthy amount of heterogeneity (eg, different use of cutoffs). These results reveal the need for more differentiated research in this area.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42019141028.
Parental cancer poses major challenges for families with minor children. Due to diagnosis and treatment family life is disrupted. To prevent long-term consequences in all family members and to design needs-oriented family-centered interventions, further understanding of the family's situation including the impact on the children, quality of life levels and the parental psychosocial needs is necessary. This study aims at investigating the impact of parental cancer on the minor children, family-specific psychosocial needs and quality of life levels of parents and children. Cancer patients parenting at least 1 minor child (<18 years) were eligible for study participation. In total, n=86 cancer patients under treatment participated in the study. After excluding participants without a minor child, 78 patients remained for analyses. We assessed children's quality of life using the parent proxy version of the KIDSCREEN-10 and parental quality of life using the EORTC QLQ C30 quality of life questionnaire. Additionally, the questionnaire comprised open questions about positive and negative changes parents perceived in their children as well as questions on specific family- and child-related psychosocial needs. The majority of participants were mothers (91%), mainly diagnosed with breast cancer (59%). The participating parents provided data on 117 minor children. Parents mentioned positive changes in 38% of the children (e.g., being more attentive and helpful). Negative changes were reported in 37% of the children (e.g., being more anxious and clingy). Parents reported family-specific psychosocial supportive care needs for themselves as a parent (e.g., support regarding parenting concerns), support needs for the partner or the children. Moreover, parents expressed family-related information needs and needs regarding practical aspects (e.g., childcare, household help). Global quality of life was M = 55.7 (SD = 23.4) for parents and M = 57.5 (SD = 15.5) for children. Pearson's correlation coefficient between parental and children's quality of life was 0.377 (p < 0.001). To identify parents with cancer and children in need for additional support, health care providers should proactively inquire about the impact of the disease on the children. In terms of a comprehensive cancer care, the direct assessment of family impact and family-specific support needs in cancer patients with minor children allows for needs-based allocation to support offers.