Refine
Year of publication
- 2020 (344) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (277)
- Doctoral Thesis (67)
Language
- English (344) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (344)
Keywords
- - (235)
- plasma medicine (10)
- reactive oxygen species (9)
- kINPen (8)
- climate change (7)
- proteomics (7)
- Germany (6)
- ROS (6)
- biocatalysis (5)
- paludiculture (5)
- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (5)
- sepsis (5)
- Biocatalysis (4)
- Molekularbiologie (4)
- NGS (4)
- cold atmospheric plasma (4)
- motor rehabilitation (4)
- rewetting (4)
- stroke (4)
- <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (3)
- Delphi study (3)
- MRSA (3)
- Plasma (3)
- Staphylococcus aureus (3)
- Wendelstein 7-X (3)
- allergy (3)
- anticancer drugs (3)
- asthma (3)
- biofilm (3)
- cattle trade (3)
- clinical (3)
- dementia (3)
- dendroecology (3)
- epidemic model (3)
- flux analysis (3)
- infection (3)
- magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- microbiota (3)
- modularity (3)
- network analysis (3)
- osmotic stress adaptation (3)
- outcome measures (3)
- peatland (3)
- polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (3)
- proline (3)
- resistance (3)
- stochastic block model (3)
- transcriptomics (3)
- <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- Bundle Gerbes (2)
- Cell culture (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- ESBL (2)
- Europe (2)
- G-quadruplexes (2)
- Ghana (2)
- IL-33 (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Klimawandel (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- LL-37 (2)
- Mathematical Physics (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Moor (2)
- PCV13 (2)
- Plasmaphysik (2)
- Stellarator (2)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (2)
- Transaminases (2)
- adaptation (2)
- aging (2)
- agriculture (2)
- antibiotic resistance (2)
- antimicrobial resistance (2)
- asymmetric synthesis (2)
- basal ganglia (2)
- body mass index (2)
- boreal forest (2)
- caveolae (2)
- cerebellum (2)
- chemical senses (2)
- cold physical plasma (2)
- cytotoxicity (2)
- dendrochronology (2)
- dinutuximab beta (2)
- disturbance (2)
- drainage (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- epidemiologic studies (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- fatty acids (2)
- forest ecology (2)
- genetic adaptation (2)
- genome (2)
- growing media (2)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (2)
- host adaptation (2)
- immune response (2)
- immunotherapy (2)
- infection prevention (2)
- integrative taxonomy (2)
- knowledge (2)
- machine learning (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- metabolism (2)
- metaproteomics (2)
- methane (2)
- miRNA (2)
- mouse models (2)
- natural products (2)
- network (2)
- non-motor manifestation (2)
- obesity (2)
- oncology (2)
- peat moss (2)
- percolation fen (2)
- pneumococcal carriage (2)
- proteome (2)
- sensorimotor cortex (2)
- serotypes (2)
- social interactions (2)
- stellarator (2)
- stiffness (2)
- susceptibility testing (2)
- sustainable land use (2)
- targeted therapy (2)
- taste (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- transplantation (2)
- treeline (2)
- vaccine (2)
- virulence (2)
- virulence genes (2)
- 1-MT (1)
- 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA gene-sequencing (1)
- 3,5-diiodothyronine (1)
- 3D model (1)
- 3D visualization (1)
- 4010153-8 (1)
- 5637 (1)
- <i>A. thaliana</i> (1)
- <i>Arundo donax</i> (1)
- <i>Candida lusitaniae</i> (1)
- <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> (1)
- <i>Janus kinase 2</i> (<i>JAK2</i>) (1)
- <i>Lannea barteri</i> (1)
- <i>Phragmites australis</i> (1)
- <i>Pieris napi<i> (1)
- <i>S. aureus</i> (1)
- <i>S. pneumoniae</i> (1)
- <i>SLC16A1</i> (1)
- <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. (1)
- <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> (1)
- <i>Typha latifolia</i> (1)
- ACE inhibitors (1)
- ADGRE1 (1)
- AML (1)
- API Drug synthesis (1)
- ARB (1)
- ASFV (1)
- AUDIT‐C (1)
- Acoustic Backscatter (1)
- Actinobacteria (1)
- Acute decompensated heart failure (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alexithymia (1)
- Algebra Bundles (1)
- Algorithmic Cheminformatics (1)
- Alkoholkonsum (1)
- Aluize (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Alzheimer's (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (1)
- Ambulatory geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Amine (1)
- Amine transaminase, ketoreductase (1)
- Anti-cancer and anti-microbials (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- ApoE-KnockOut (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (1)
- Arenaviren (1)
- Arenavirus (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Armenia (1)
- Arxula adeninivorans (1)
- Aryl fluorides (1)
- Asia (1)
- Associative learning (1)
- Asymmetric synthesis (1)
- At‐risk Drinking (1)
- Aujeszky-Krankheit (1)
- B cell response (1)
- B cells (1)
- B1-a B Cells (1)
- BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) (1)
- BH3-only proteins (1)
- BVDV (1)
- Bacterial cell membrane (1)
- Bacterial cell wall (1)
- Barry (1)
- Bat (1)
- Bat behavior (1)
- Behandlung (1)
- Berlin Brandenburg Airport (1)
- Biber (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biokatalyse (1)
- Biokatalyse , Enzym , Alkohol , Amine , Enzymkatalyse , Asymmetrische Katalyse (1)
- Biosynthesis of bile acids (1)
- Blood supply (1)
- Bodennutzung (1)
- Bootstrap current (1)
- Brackets (1)
- BrdU (1)
- Buche (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- CASP (1)
- CD4 (1)
- CLP (1)
- CNS—central nervous system (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR (1)
- CRISPR/Cas-Methode (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CVD biomarker (1)
- CYP1A1 (1)
- CYP1A2 (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Candida (1)
- Capsid (1)
- Carbonate microfacies (1)
- Cardiovascular rehabilitation (1)
- Caries (1)
- Caries prevention (1)
- Caries treatment (1)
- Caucasus (1)
- Cell aggregation (1)
- Cell death (1)
- Cell division defect (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Centrality (1)
- Changane (1)
- Characteristic Attribute Organization System (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Children (1)
- Chiral amine (1)
- Chiral amines (1)
- Climatic adaptation (1)
- Clp proteolysis (1)
- Co-selection (1)
- Codakia orbicularis (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Coil Optimization (1)
- Communication science (1)
- Compression (1)
- Congestion (1)
- Connection length (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Copolymer (1)
- Correlation networks (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Cost-Effectiveness (1)
- Cost-Utility (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Creighton’s principles (1)
- Crisis communication (1)
- Cross-coupling (1)
- Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (1)
- Cyprus (1)
- CytoSorb (1)
- DEB-model (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA epair (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA taxonomy (1)
- DSB (1)
- Dear Doctor letter (1)
- Decayed (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Deletion mutants (1)
- Demographic change (1)
- Dentin caries (1)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Divertor (1)
- Drinking Patterns (1)
- Drishti (1)
- E-Health (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EMR1 (1)
- ESBL – (1)
- Early Modern time (1)
- Early childhood caries (1)
- EdU (1)
- Electric Propulsion (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Enterobacterales (1)
- Environmental gradient (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Epidemiologie (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Euregio (1)
- Ewing’s sarcoma (1)
- F4/80 (1)
- FASN (1)
- FLT3 (1)
- FLT3-ITD (1)
- FLT3-TKD (1)
- FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- FcγRIIa (1)
- Feed supplementation (1)
- Feldversuch (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Fiji (1)
- Filling (1)
- Firmicutes (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Floquet (1)
- Fossilien (1)
- Fossilisation (1)
- FreeSurfer (1)
- Frühe Neuzeit (1)
- Functional characterization (1)
- Fusion (1)
- GPx1 knockout (1)
- Gartenbau (1)
- Gene mutation (1)
- General population (1)
- Geochemie (1)
- Geometrie (1)
- Geometry (1)
- Geophysik (1)
- Geriatric multimorbidity (1)
- Glaukom (1)
- Glücksspiel (1)
- Gram-positive infections (1)
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1)
- Graph Theory (1)
- Großfürstentum Litauen (1)
- Grünland (1)
- HCM (1)
- HCMV (1)
- HEK cells (1)
- HL-60 (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPTLC (1)
- Habitat (1)
- Health claims data (1)
- Heart (1)
- HepG2 (1)
- Herbivor (1)
- Herpesvirus suis (1)
- Herz (1)
- Heterocycle synthesis (1)
- Hexenverfolgung (1)
- Hexerei (1)
- Hirudin (1)
- Hirudin‐like factors (1)
- Holarctic distribution (1)
- Hsp27 (1)
- Hydroakustik (1)
- Hydrothermalquelle (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- ICUAW (1)
- IDO (1)
- IDO1 (1)
- IL10 (1)
- IR-induced variants (1)
- Identität (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG (1)
- IgM (1)
- Ilastik (1)
- Immunmodulation (1)
- Immunoglobulin G (1)
- Impurities (1)
- In situ product recovery (1)
- In-vitro (1)
- Infektionen (1)
- Inferior vena cava (1)
- Infinite Dimensional Geometry (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Internet survey (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion Thruster (1)
- Ionentriebwerk (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schaden (1)
- Ischämischer Insult (1)
- JSNZ (1)
- Jahresring (1)
- Junin virus (1)
- K (1)
- KHV (1)
- KHVD (1)
- KREC (1)
- KYNA (1)
- KYSE 70 (1)
- Kernfusion (1)
- Kernhülle (1)
- Klimaschutz (1)
- Kompression (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- L-type Ca (1)
- LA-, HA-MRSA (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- LNCaP (1)
- LPXTG (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lander Experiment (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laser Line Scanning (1)
- Laserspektroskopie (1)
- Lebensraum (1)
- LepB (1)
- Lipoproteine (1)
- Lipoproteins (1)
- Little Ice Age (1)
- Local adaptation (1)
- Lunge (1)
- MALDI-TOF (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MDRO (1)
- MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cell) (1)
- MHC class I (1)
- MNT-1 (1)
- MR-ToF MS (1)
- MRG (1)
- MRI targeted prostate biopsy (1)
- MRSA - Methicillin-resistant (1)
- MSSA (1)
- Macrococcus (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Marine Habitat Mapping (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) (1)
- Matched cohortstudy (1)
- Mathematical Phylogenetics (1)
- McsB arginine kinase (1)
- Measurement error (1)
- Medieval Climate Anomaly (1)
- Meeresboden (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolom (1)
- Metabolome (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Metagenomics (1)
- Metagenomik (1)
- Methan (1)
- MgsR activity (1)
- MgsR degradation (1)
- MiD51 (1)
- Michaelis–Menten function (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Mikrobiologie (1)
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (1)
- Missing and filled teeth index (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Molybdenum mediated pentathiepin synthesis (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (1)
- Moore (1)
- Multibeam Echosounder (1)
- Multiparametric MRI (1)
- Muscle atrophy (1)
- Muscular dystrophy (1)
- N-heterocyclic olefins (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NF‐κB (1)
- NGF (nerve growth factor) (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NN414 (1)
- NT‐proBNP (1)
- Nachkomme (1)
- Neoclassical transport (1)
- Neuron (1)
- Niemann–Pick disease type C1 (1)
- Niere (1)
- Nnucleophilic substitution (1)
- Nonoperative (1)
- Nonoperative caries management (1)
- Nucleinsäuren (1)
- Nucleoside modification and labeling (1)
- Nukleocapsid (1)
- Nutzen (1)
- OCT1 (1)
- OCT1 Effects (1)
- Offspring overweight (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omnilog (1)
- One‐pot reaction (1)
- Onkologie (1)
- Optische Fernerkundung (1)
- Oral health (1)
- Organischer Kationentransporter (1)
- P450 (1)
- PC3 (1)
- PDAC (1)
- PEF (1)
- PF4 (1)
- PHMB adsorption (1)
- PID (1)
- PKD (1)
- PPP syndrome (1)
- Palaearctic grassland (1)
- Paludikultur (1)
- Paläoökologie (1)
- Pan-lipoproteome analysis (1)
- Parodontitis (1)
- Particle-in-Cell (1)
- Pathogenität (1)
- Pd/PTABS catalyst (1)
- Penicillin G, Formulation development, Helicobacter pylori (1)
- Pentathiepins (1)
- Periodontitis (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Pflanzen (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Phragmites australis (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Pieris napi (1)
- Pigs (1)
- Pinus uncinata (1)
- Plasma Modeling (1)
- Plasma Physics (1)
- Plasma physics (1)
- Plasma-wall interaction (1)
- Plasmachemie (1)
- Plasmadiagnostik (1)
- Plasmamedizin (1)
- Plasmarandschicht (1)
- Plasmasimulation (1)
- Plastizität (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Poloxamer 188 (1)
- Polysaccharide (1)
- Power decay (1)
- Preeclampsia (1)
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (1)
- Primary teeth (1)
- Propensity score matching (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protein Engineering (1)
- Proteobacteria (1)
- Proteom (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- Public Health (1)
- Push–pull imines (1)
- RHDV (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNS (1)
- RRID: AB_2338006 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338362 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338459 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338914 (1)
- RRID: AB_2341179 (1)
- RRID: AB_261811 (1)
- RRID: AB_477585 (1)
- RRID: SCR_007370 (1)
- RRID: SCR_010279 (1)
- RRID: SCR_014199 (1)
- RareScreen (1)
- Rauigkeit <Akustik> (1)
- Red blood cell concentrates (1)
- Refugees (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Replikation (1)
- Resident (1)
- Restoration (1)
- Review (1)
- Riftia pachyptila (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Robust (1)
- Root caries (1)
- Rotbuche (1)
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (1)
- S1P (1)
- SCID (1)
- SEA (1)
- SK-MEL-28 (1)
- SLC22A1 (1)
- SLC22A9 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNVs (1)
- SNiP (1)
- SPecies IDentity and Evolution in R (1)
- SRM (1)
- ST1159 (1)
- ST2 (1)
- STEC (1)
- SaOs‐2 cell differentiation (1)
- Saliva (1)
- Sauerstoffmangel (1)
- Schilf (1)
- Schmetterling (1)
- Schutzmaßnahme (1)
- Schwangerschaftsdiabetes (1)
- Schädelhirntrauma (1)
- Scots pine (1)
- Scrape-off layer width (1)
- Seafloor Roguhness (1)
- Sec-translocon (1)
- Selective caries removal (1)
- Self-assembling protein design (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Ser/Thr kinases (1)
- Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1)
- SiSo (1)
- SigB (1)
- Social information use (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Soviet Socialist Republics (1)
- Sozialsysteme (1)
- Spatial memory (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sphagnum farming (1)
- SplD (1)
- Sputum (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Stent (1)
- Stochstic Programming (1)
- String Geometry (1)
- Struktur (1)
- SuperPred (1)
- Supercritical fluid chromatography (1)
- Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (1)
- SwissTargetPrediction (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Synthetic design (1)
- Systemic infection (1)
- T cell (1)
- T cell superallergen (1)
- T cells (1)
- TGR(mREN2)27 (1)
- THP-1 (1)
- TIM-3 (1)
- TREC (1)
- Tacaribe virus (1)
- Teichoic acid (1)
- Tg4-42 (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thiamine Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Thyroglobulin (1)
- Thyroid (1)
- Thyroid imaging (1)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (1)
- Ti6Al4V (1)
- Torf (1)
- Torfabbau (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transitional metal catalysis (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Treibhausgas (1)
- Trends (1)
- Twins (1)
- Twisted K-Theory (1)
- Twitter (1)
- T‐type calcium channels (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- V-loop (1)
- Vaccine (1)
- Variability (1)
- Vector flies (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Viral Vector (1)
- Viren (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Voluntary wheel running (1)
- W7-X (1)
- Wachtelkönig (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Water-soluble catalysis (1)
- West Nile virus (1)
- Western diet (1)
- White spruce (1)
- Whole-cell enzyme cascade (1)
- Wiedervernässung (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- XGND (1)
- YidC (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zellkultur (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zwilling (1)
- aPF4/H antibodies (1)
- abductor mechanism deficiency (1)
- abomasum (1)
- aboveground herbivory (1)
- absolute protein quantification (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- acid resistance (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- acylation (1)
- acyltransferases (1)
- addictive behaviors (1)
- adherent human carcinoma cell lines (1)
- adipose-derived stem cells (1)
- adoptive transfer (1)
- adults (1)
- advanced gastroesophageal cancer (1)
- advanced nursing practice (1)
- advanced nursing roles (1)
- affective disorders (1)
- airport development (1)
- airway inflammation (1)
- alamandine (1)
- alcohol (1)
- alien invasive species (1)
- alkenes (1)
- alpha-toxin (1)
- alpine (1)
- amides (1)
- amino polymer (1)
- analytical measurements (1)
- anatomie (1)
- animal models (1)
- anti-steatotic action (1)
- antiallodynic activity (1)
- antibiotic use (1)
- antibody response (1)
- antibody-secreting cells (1)
- anticancer drug (1)
- antigen presentation (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- antimicrobial susceptibility testing (1)
- antisense RNA (1)
- anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies (1)
- aortenbogen (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- aquatic snail (1)
- arable farming (1)
- arbovirus (1)
- arginine phosphorylation (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- atomic clusters (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- attitude measurement (1)
- audiovisual integration (1)
- auricular acupuncture (1)
- autoantibodies (1)
- autologous lipotransfer (1)
- autophagy (1)
- awareness (1)
- azo dyes (1)
- barrier corona (BC) (1)
- beaver flooding (1)
- beech (1)
- behavior change (1)
- bias (1)
- big data (1)
- bildgebende Verfahren (1)
- bio-orthogonal click chemistry (1)
- bioactive compounds (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- bioeconomy (1)
- biofilm degradation (1)
- biogas (1)
- biological invasion (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biological soil crusts (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomass productivity (1)
- biomedical model swine (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- biotic interactions (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- bleeding tendency (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- blood culture (1)
- blood smear (1)
- blue intensity (1)
- bog (1)
- bone erosion (1)
- borderland (1)
- bortezomib (1)
- bovine (1)
- bovine ruminal acidosis (1)
- brackish water system (1)
- brain (1)
- brain plasticity (1)
- breakthrough (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- broad-sense heritability (1)
- bud burst (1)
- bulk chemical production (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- c-myc (1)
- calcium influx (1)
- calcium ion signaling (1)
- calcium sparks (1)
- calorimetry (1)
- calves (1)
- cancer therapy (1)
- candidemia (1)
- carbapenamase (1)
- carbocations (1)
- carbon allocation (1)
- carbon loss (1)
- carbon storage (1)
- cardiometabolic diseases (1)
- caregiving (1)
- carotid endarterectomy (1)
- cascade reaction (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell cycle arrest (1)
- cell elasticity (1)
- cell fractionation (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cellobiose (1)
- cesarean section (1)
- chemerin (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chemoluminescence immunoassay (1)
- chemosynthesis (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- child health (1)
- childhood (1)
- children (1)
- chondrosarcoma (1)
- chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- chronic stroke (1)
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (1)
- chronic wound (1)
- clear cell foci (1)
- climate change mitigation (1)
- climate extreme (1)
- climate mitigation (1)
- climate protection (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate-growth relationship (1)
- climate-growth relationships (1)
- climate–growth relationships (1)
- climatic adaptation (1)
- cline (1)
- clinically important restrictions and symptoms (1)
- clonal (1)
- clonal complex (1)
- clonal trees (1)
- cluster (1)
- cluster formation (1)
- co-infection (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coastal dunes (1)
- coffee metabolites (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cold atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- cold edge (1)
- cold events (1)
- cold physical plasmas (1)
- collaborative care (1)
- collagen-induced arthritis (1)
- collective action (1)
- colonization type (1)
- color space differences (1)
- combination therapy (1)
- communication studies (1)
- compensation account (1)
- competition (1)
- complications (1)
- computational simulation (1)
- computer-based interventions (1)
- concentration coefficient (1)
- confessionalization (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- congenital heart disease (1)
- congenital hyperinsulinism (1)
- consent (1)
- conservation management (1)
- constant therapy (1)
- contact killing surface (1)
- continental slope (1)
- contourites (1)
- contribution margin (1)
- control diet (1)
- convective gas flow (1)
- correlation analysis (1)
- cost analysis (1)
- costing (1)
- counterfactual scenarios (1)
- crenolanib (1)
- crispr/cas9 (1)
- cross-reactivity (1)
- cross-sectional (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- daidzein (1)
- dancers (1)
- decay (1)
- decontamination (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep‐marine deposits (1)
- dehalogenase (1)
- deiodinase (1)
- delegation (1)
- dendroclimatology (1)
- dendrometer (1)
- dengue virus (1)
- denial (1)
- depression (1)
- dermatology (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic foot (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diagnostic (genetic) characters (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dialysis (1)
- diarrhoea (1)
- diazoxide (1)
- dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (1)
- diet (1)
- diffusion tension imaging (DTI) (1)
- dihedral principal component analysis (1)
- dihydrochalcones (1)
- dipole magnetic field (1)
- direct-on-target microdroplet growth assay (1)
- dirty mouse (1)
- diseases (1)
- displacement peat (1)
- dithiolene ligand (1)
- diversification (1)
- divertor (1)
- donor human milk (1)
- dormancy induction (1)
- dormancy level (1)
- dormancy release (1)
- droplet microfluidics (1)
- drought (1)
- droughts (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- drug–drug interaction (1)
- dry edge (1)
- dual RAS blockade (1)
- dysferlin (1)
- dystrophin (1)
- e-health (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- eddy covariance (1)
- effective public participation (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- electric propulsion (1)
- electron cyclotron emission (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron-positron plasma (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotions (1)
- empathetic concern (1)
- empathy (1)
- enable-cluster (1)
- endothelial cells VEGF (1)
- endothelin receptor expression (1)
- endothelin system (1)
- enteral nutrition (1)
- environmental epidemiology (1)
- environmental gradient (1)
- enzyme catalysis (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epigenome (1)
- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- erythrocytes (1)
- esterases (1)
- estrogen receptor (1)
- estrone sulfate transporter (1)
- everolimus (1)
- evidence (1)
- exacerbation (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise (1)
- exosomes (1)
- expectations (1)
- experimental stroke (1)
- expression (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracorporeal life support (1)
- extreme warming events (1)
- farming (1)
- feedstock (1)
- fen (1)
- fen rewetting (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- field experiment (1)
- fish (live) (1)
- fitness traits (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- floating mat (1)
- flooded grasslands (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence imaging (1)
- fluorine (1)
- food spoilage (1)
- food spoilers (1)
- forecasts (1)
- forest ecosystem research (1)
- forest growth-trends (1)
- forest inventory (1)
- forests (1)
- fractal (1)
- fronto-temporal cortex (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional traits (1)
- funding priorities (1)
- fusidic acid (1)
- gag reflex (1)
- gambling (1)
- gastrointestinal microbiome (1)
- general practitioner (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- genetic variants (1)
- genistein (1)
- genome size (1)
- genomics (1)
- ghost cells (1)
- gilteritinib (1)
- global change (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glucose uptake (1)
- glutaredoxin (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glutathione peroxidase-1 (1)
- gluteus maximus flap transfer (1)
- glycosidic torsion angles (1)
- government activity (1)
- granulocyte subpopulation (1)
- grassland (1)
- grassland ecosystem (1)
- greenhouse gas (1)
- greenhouse gas emission (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- ground spiders (1)
- group A streptococcus (1)
- growth inhibition (1)
- growth inhibitory effect (1)
- growth rates (1)
- guanosine analogs (1)
- guideline (1)
- guidelines (1)
- gustation (1)
- hBD3 (1)
- habitat (1)
- halides (1)
- haloalkane (1)
- haloperoxidase (1)
- hand function (1)
- hazard type (1)
- hazardous alcohol consumption (1)
- head motion (1)
- healtcare (1)
- health services research (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- healthy older adults (1)
- heartbeat detection (1)
- heat stress (1)
- hemoadsorption (1)
- hemolysis (1)
- hereditary thrombocytopenias (1)
- herpesvirus (1)
- high fat diet (1)
- high-risk neuroblastoma (1)
- high‐risk (1)
- hippocampal subfields (1)
- history (1)
- holobiont (1)
- home nursing (1)
- horticulture (1)
- host plant quality (1)
- host-microbe interactions (1)
- hotodecarboxylase (1)
- household income (1)
- human association studies (1)
- human breast milk (1)
- human osteoblasts (1)
- hyaluronic acid microgels (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrothermal vent (1)
- hyperspectral imaging (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypothyroidism (1)
- ice-wedge polygon mire (1)
- identity (1)
- imaging artifact (1)
- imidazo[2,1-<i>c</i>][1,2,4]triazol-3(5<i>H</i>)-imines (1)
- immune alterations (1)
- immune evasion cluster (1)
- immune suppression (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunoadsorption (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunology (1)
- immunomodulation (1)
- imprecision (1)
- in silico target prediction (1)
- in vitro cytotoxic activity (1)
- inactivation (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- individualised intervention (1)
- industrial catalysis (1)
- inflammasome (1)
- influenza A virus (1)
- informal care (1)
- inherited platelet disorders (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inhibition of tumour cell proliferation (1)
- innate immune response (1)
- innate lymphoid cells (1)
- instrumentality of harm (1)
- integrated multi-omics (1)
- interaction (1)
- interdisciplinary (1)
- interleukin 2 (1)
- interoception (1)
- interprofessional attitude (1)
- interprofessional education (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasive route (1)
- iron (1)
- iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- ischemic stroke (1)
- kinases (1)
- kinetics (1)
- kw: Graph Theory (1)
- kynurenine pathway (1)
- label-free quantification (1)
- laboratory (1)
- land snails (1)
- landscape abundance (1)
- laser surface texturing (1)
- late Holocene (1)
- latent class analysis (1)
- leaf (1)
- length (1)
- lidocaine (1)
- ligand-transporter interaction (1)
- light intensity (irradiance) (1)
- light variability (1)
- linear gradient (1)
- lipid mediators (1)
- lipid monolayers (1)
- lipidation (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipofilling (1)
- lipogenesis (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- liquid-liquid extraction (1)
- liver (1)
- liver disease (1)
- liver fibrosis (1)
- liver inflammation (1)
- liver pathology (1)
- livestock (1)
- livestock keeping (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- logarithmic function (1)
- long‐term home care (1)
- low and mid income countries (1)
- low-carbon behavior (1)
- low-grade inflammation (1)
- low‐temperature plasma (1)
- lymphedema (1)
- macro-remains (1)
- macrophage (1)
- magnetic moment (1)
- magneto-hydrodynamic equilibrium (1)
- malnutrition (1)
- management (1)
- manganese (1)
- market analysis (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- mate choice (1)
- maternal breast milk (1)
- maternal health care (1)
- mathematical model (1)
- mating success (1)
- matter fluxes (1)
- mechanical circulatory support (1)
- mechanoreception (1)
- medicinal leeches (1)
- membrane functionality (1)
- membrane integrity (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- menaquinones (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic activity (1)
- metabolic network (1)
- metabolic phenotypes (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metabotypes (1)
- metastasis (1)
- methanogens (1)
- methanotrophic bacteria (1)
- methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1)
- methyltransferases (1)
- metrological controls (1)
- miRNA transcriptome (1)
- miRNA-Seq (1)
- miRNS (1)
- micro-remains (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microblogging (1)
- microsite (1)
- midostaurin (1)
- migraine (1)
- milk bank (1)
- mindreading (1)
- minimal area (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial dynamics (1)
- mitochondrial fission (1)
- mitophagy (1)
- mixed-valence complex (1)
- molar incisor hypomineralization (1)
- molecular imaging (1)
- molluscs (1)
- monocarboxylate transporter 1 (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- monocyte subpopulation (1)
- moral dilemmas (1)
- moral disengagement (1)
- moral judgment (1)
- morphological crypsis (1)
- mortality (1)
- motor evoked potentials (1)
- motor function (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1)
- multidrug-resistant microorganisms (1)
- multiple organ failure (1)
- multi‐year flooding cycle (1)
- muscle spindle (1)
- muscular dystrophy (1)
- musicians (1)
- mussel cultivation (1)
- mycoses (1)
- myrmecomorphy (1)
- nanoindentation (1)
- navigation (1)
- nervous system (1)
- nested‐plot sampling (1)
- neural stem cell (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuronal plasticity (1)
- neuropathy (1)
- neurotrophic factors (1)
- newborn screening (1)
- nicht-Hermitizität (1)
- nitrosative stress (1)
- non-Hermitian (1)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- non-identical reversible reaction (1)
- non-pollen palynomorphs (1)
- nonlinear regression (1)
- no‐matched templates (1)
- nuclear egress (1)
- nucleophilic substitution (1)
- nucleus accumbens (1)
- nursing (1)
- nursing home (1)
- nutrient supply (1)
- observational (1)
- observational study (1)
- olfaction (1)
- oligotroph (1)
- ong-chainaliphaticamines (1)
- oral nutritional supplement (1)
- oral rehydration solution (1)
- organic cation transporter 1 (1)
- organic matter loss (1)
- organic synthesis (1)
- orofacial pain (1)
- orosomucoid (1)
- osmostress protectants (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- osteosarcoma (1)
- overweight (1)
- oxidation-specific epitopes (1)
- oxidative dysbalance (1)
- oxidative post-translational modifications (1)
- oxylipins (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeosol (1)
- pancreatic beta cells (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- pancreatitis (1)
- panniculitis (1)
- parenteral nutrition (1)
- parietal lobe (1)
- partial discharge (PD) (1)
- partial mutual information (1)
- partisan preferences (1)
- paternity assignment (1)
- pathogen-specific IgG (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- peat (1)
- peat degradation (1)
- peat extraction (1)
- peatland management (1)
- peatland restoration (1)
- pediatric intestinal failure (1)
- pediatric short bowel syndrome (1)
- pelagites (1)
- peptide sharing (1)
- peptidome (1)
- perception (1)
- percutaneous coronary intervention (1)
- performance (1)
- periodontal therapy (1)
- periodontitis (1)
- periplasm (1)
- perivascular adipose tissue (1)
- personal data (1)
- personal force (1)
- personalised medicine (1)
- perspective taking (1)
- pharmacoepidemiology (1)
- phosphatases (1)
- phosphopeptide enrichment (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- photopharmacology (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- photosynthetic rate (1)
- phototdissociation (1)
- phytoplankton communities (1)
- pig (1)
- pigment composition (1)
- planctomycetes (1)
- plant biodiversity (1)
- plant clonality (1)
- plant-herbivore interaction (1)
- plant–environment interaction (1)
- plant–soil feedback (1)
- plasma sources (1)
- plasticity (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet factor 4 (1)
- platelets (1)
- pn: Nikolai Nøjgaard (1)
- pneumococcal colonization (1)
- pneumonia (1)
- podocyte (1)
- pollen (1)
- polyarthritis (1)
- polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- polymicrobial sepsis (1)
- polypharmacology (1)
- polyreactive antibodies (1)
- polyspecificity (1)
- population‐based birth cohort (1)
- portal hypertension (1)
- positron beam (1)
- potential natural vegetation (1)
- power law (1)
- pre-neoplastic lesions (1)
- prediabetes (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictor (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- preoperative anxiety (1)
- preterm birth (1)
- preterm infant (1)
- pretreatment (1)
- primary motor cortex (1)
- process dissociation procedure (1)
- profitability (1)
- prognostic factors (1)
- proprioception (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- proteasome endopeptidase complex (1)
- protection (1)
- protein engineering (1)
- protein production (1)
- protocol (1)
- pseudorabies virus (1)
- psycho-physiological interaction (1)
- public engagement (1)
- public health (1)
- pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- pulmonary hypertension (1)
- pulmonary vascular resistance (1)
- qRT-PCR (1)
- quadruplex (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality control (1)
- questionnaire development (1)
- quizartinib (1)
- radiation doses (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radicular cyst (1)
- radiologie (1)
- randomized controlled trials (1)
- rapid testing (1)
- rare disease (1)
- rat (1)
- reactive nitrogen species (1)
- reappraisal (1)
- recombinant protein (1)
- record linkage (1)
- recovery (1)
- redox (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- redox signaling (1)
- reed beds (1)
- regioselectivity (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory monocytes (1)
- regulatory networks (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative entropy (1)
- renal denervation (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- repair mechanism (1)
- reproductive ecology (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research (1)
- reservoir (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance detection (1)
- resource availability (1)
- resource competition (1)
- respiratory tract infection (1)
- responders/non-responders (1)
- responsibility (1)
- resting state fMRI (1)
- retinol‐binding protein 4 (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- ring-width (1)
- risk communication (1)
- risk factor progression (1)
- risk perception (1)
- robot therapy (1)
- root system (1)
- rural regions (1)
- ryanodine receptors (1)
- sample bias (1)
- sarcoma (1)
- scale up for bulk chemical production (1)
- scaling law (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- schlaganfall (1)
- scholarly communication (1)
- science communication (1)
- scientist (1)
- scrape-off layer (1)
- screening (1)
- screening tool (1)
- sea urchins (1)
- second‐line (1)
- sedge peat (1)
- seed bank (1)
- seed germination (1)
- seed rain (1)
- seedling (1)
- seizure (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semiautomated image analysis (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensorimotor (1)
- septic arthritis (1)
- serology (1)
- sex differences (1)
- sex steroids (1)
- shade taking (1)
- shoot nitrogen content (1)
- shotgun-proteomics (1)
- sigma factor σW (1)
- similarity laws (1)
- simulation (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- site selection (1)
- skin cancer (1)
- smallholder (1)
- smoking (1)
- snoRNAs (1)
- social anxiety disorder (1)
- social inequality (1)
- socio-economic analyses (1)
- sociology of science (1)
- sodium bituminosulfonate (1)
- soil legacy effects (1)
- soil microbiome (1)
- solid tumor models (1)
- sortase A (1)
- soy isoflavones (1)
- spatial clustering (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial transformation (1)
- species delimitation (1)
- species differences (1)
- species–area relationship (SAR) (1)
- spectral library (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (1)
- spiders (1)
- spirocyclic piperidines (1)
- splenectomy (1)
- stand density (1)
- standard (1)
- staphylococci (1)
- steered molecular dynamics (1)
- stem bark (1)
- stereoselectivity (1)
- stigma (1)
- storage conditions (1)
- stratigraphy (1)
- stress response (1)
- stress signal (1)
- stressors (1)
- stroke outcome (1)
- stroke rehabilitation (1)
- structure activity (1)
- structure-function relationship (1)
- students (1)
- study design (1)
- sub-inhibitory concentrations (1)
- substituent (1)
- substitution (1)
- sugar conformation (1)
- sugar pucker (1)
- sulfate reducers (1)
- sulfonamides (1)
- superantigens (1)
- superior temporal sulcus (1)
- suppression (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface proteins (1)
- survey data (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable agriculture <i>Typha angustifolia</i> (1)
- symmetry (1)
- synthetic heparins (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systemic antibiotics (1)
- tDCS (1)
- talin (1)
- tasks (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature adaptation (1)
- template magnetic resonance images (1)
- temporal variability (1)
- temporal voice area (1)
- temporary wetland (1)
- tetra-nuclear nickel complex (1)
- texture-modified diet (1)
- thatching companies (1)
- therapeutics (1)
- thermal melanisation (1)
- thermography (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- thermotolerance (1)
- thickness loss (1)
- thioglucoside conjugates (1)
- thioureas (1)
- third molar (1)
- three-phase electrochemistry (1)
- thyroid hormone (1)
- time-correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC) (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- titanium alloys (1)
- titanium surface modification (1)
- titin (1)
- tolerance (1)
- tooth color (1)
- topological associating domains (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- torsin (1)
- total hip arthroplasty (1)
- toxicity (1)
- tractography (1)
- training (1)
- trait anxiety (1)
- transaminases (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (1)
- transcriptome profile (1)
- transesophageal echocardiography (1)
- transesterification (1)
- transgenic mouse model (1)
- transient spark (1)
- transition transversion ratio (1)
- translocation (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- transporters (1)
- transstadial persistence (1)
- treatment (1)
- treatment control (1)
- treatment tolerance (1)
- tree growth (1)
- tree-growth (1)
- tree-rings (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- trees (1)
- tree‐ring network (1)
- trifunctionality (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tryptophan metabolites (1)
- tumor spheroids (1)
- turbidites (1)
- type 1 diabetes mellitus (1)
- type 2 immunity (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- uncertainty of measurement (1)
- underprovision (1)
- ureas (1)
- ustilagic acid (1)
- utilization (1)
- utrophin (1)
- value chain (1)
- varieties of capitalism (1)
- vascular smooth muscle (1)
- venous disease (1)
- virology (1)
- virtual screening (1)
- virus (1)
- virus replication (1)
- viruses (1)
- vitamin K2 (1)
- voxel-based morphometry (1)
- warm pulses (1)
- warning message (1)
- wetland plant (1)
- wetlands (1)
- wettability (1)
- wetted area (1)
- white matter (1)
- white matter integrity (1)
- white rhinos (1)
- white spruce (1)
- whole-cellbiocatalysis (1)
- whole‐body imaging (1)
- wild birds (1)
- wildling (1)
- winter climate (1)
- witch trials (1)
- witchcraft (1)
- wood anatomy (1)
- wood density (1)
- wound healing (1)
- xGND (1)
- xylem anatomy (1)
- zeta potential (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- α1-Adrenergic receptor (1)
- γδ T cells (1)
- σ (1)
- ω-hydroxy fatty acid (1)
Institute
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (28)
- Institut für Biochemie (27)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (18)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (17)
- Institut für Immunologie u. Transfusionsmedizin - Abteilung Immunologie (15)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (15)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (15)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (15)
- Institut für Pharmazie (14)
- Institut für Physik (14)
Publisher
- MDPI (92)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (68)
- Wiley (58)
- SAGE Publications (10)
- S. Karger AG (8)
- Public Library of Science (PLoS) (4)
- Springer Nature (4)
- BioMed Central (BMC) (3)
- IOP Publishing (3)
- Elsevier (2)
Over the last decades, thyroid hormone metabolites (THMs) received marked attention as it has been demonstrated that they are bioactive compounds. Their concentrations were determined by immunoassay or mass-spectrometry methods. Among those metabolites, 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), occurs at low nanomolar concentrations in human serum, but might reach tissue concentrations similar to those of T4 and T3, at least based on data from rodent models. However, the immunoassay-based measurements in human sera revealed remarkable variations depending on antibodies used in the assays and thus need to be interpreted with caution. In clinical experimental approaches in euthyroid volunteers and hypothyroid patients using the immunoassay as the analytical tool no evidence of formation of 3,5-T2 from its putative precursors T4 or T3 was found, nor was any support found for the assumption that 3,5-T2 might represent a direct precursor for serum 3-T1-AM generated by combined deiodination and decarboxylation from 3,5-T2, as previously documented for mouse intestinal mucosa. We hypothesized that lowered endogenous production of 3,5-T2 in patients requiring T4 replacement therapy after thyroidectomy or for treatment of autoimmune thyroid disease, compared to production of 3,5-T2 in individuals with intact thyroid glands might contribute to the discontent seen in a subset of patients with this therapeutic regimen. So far, our observations do not support this assumption. However, the unexpected association between high serum 3,5-T2 and elevated urinary concentrations of metabolites related to coffee consumption requires further studies for an explanation. Elevated 3,5-T2 serum concentrations were found in several situations including impaired renal function, chronic dialysis, sepsis, non-survival in the ICU as well as post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in studies using a monoclonal antibody-based chemoluminescence immunoassay. Pilot analysis of human sera using LC-linear-ion-trap-mass-spectrometry yielded 3,5-T2 concentrations below the limit of quantification in the majority of cases, thus the divergent results of both methods need to be reconciliated by further studies. Although positive anti-steatotic effects have been observed in rodent models, use of 3,5-T2 as a muscle anabolic, slimming or fitness drug, easily obtained without medical prescription, must be advised against, considering its potency in suppressing the HPT axis and causing adverse cardiac side effects. 3,5-T2 escapes regular detection by commercially available clinical routine assays used for thyroid function tests, which may be seriously disrupted in individuals self-administering 3,5-T2 obtained over-the counter or from other sources.
Abstract
Environmentally‐friendly processes for the manufacturing of valuable industrial compounds like ω‐hydroxy fatty acids (ω‐OHFAs) are highly desirable. Herein, we present such an approach by establishing a two‐step enzymatic cascade reaction for the production of 2,15,16‐trihydroxy hexadecanoic acid (THA). Starting with the easily accessible natural compound ustilagic acid (UA) that is secreted by the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis, the recombinantly expressed esterase BS2 from Bacillus subtilis and the commercial β‐glucosidase from almonds were applied yielding 86 % product. Both hydrolases do not require expensive cofactors, making the process economically attractive. Additionally, no harmful solvents are required, so that the product THA can be labelled natural to be used in food and cosmetic products.
Introduction: It has been shown that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is accompanied by marked structural brain changes that can be detected several years before clinical diagnosis via structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In this study, we developed a structural MR-based biomarker for in vivo detection of AD using a supervised machine learning approach. Based on an individual’s pattern of brain atrophy a continuous AD score is assigned which measures the similarity with brain atrophy patterns seen in clinical cases of AD.
Methods: The underlying statistical model was trained with MR scans of patients and healthy controls from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1 screening). Validation was performed within ADNI-1 and in an independent patient sample from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS-1). In addition, our analyses included data from a large general population sample of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend).
Results: Based on the proposed AD score we were able to differentiate patients from healthy controls in ADNI-1 and OASIS-1 with an accuracy of 89% (AUC = 95%) and 87% (AUC = 93%), respectively. Moreover, we found the AD score to be significantly associated with cognitive functioning as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination in the OASIS-1 sample after correcting for diagnosis, age, sex, age·sex, and total intracranial volume (Cohen’s f2 = 0.13). Additional analyses showed that the prediction accuracy of AD status based on both the AD score and the MMSE score is significantly higher than when using just one of them. In SHIP-Trend we found the AD score to be weakly but significantly associated with a test of verbal memory consisting of an immediate and a delayed word list recall (again after correcting for age, sex, age·sex, and total intracranial volume, Cohen’s f2 = 0.009). This association was mainly driven by the immediate recall performance.
Discussion: In summary, our proposed biomarker well differentiated between patients and healthy controls in an independent test sample. It was associated with measures of cognitive functioning both in a patient sample and a general population sample. Our approach might be useful for defining robust MR-based biomarkers for other neurodegenerative diseases, too.
Dengue virus (DV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the Flavivirus genus. It is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viruses, infecting globally 390 million individuals per year. The clinical spectrum of DV infection ranges from an asymptomatic course to severe complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the latter because of severe plasma leakage. Given that the outcome of infection is likely determined by the kinetics of viral replication and the antiviral host cell immune response (HIR) it is of importance to understand the interaction between these two parameters. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to characterize and understand the complex interplay between intracellular DV replication and the host cells' defense mechanisms. We first measured viral RNA, viral protein, and virus particle production in Huh7 cells, which exhibit a notoriously weak intrinsic antiviral response. Based on these measurements, we developed a detailed intracellular DV replication model. We then measured replication in IFN competent A549 cells and used this data to couple the replication model with a model describing IFN activation and production of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as their interplay with DV replication. By comparing the cell line specific DV replication, we found that host factors involved in replication complex formation and virus particle production are crucial for replication efficiency. Regarding possible modes of action of the HIR, our model fits suggest that the HIR mainly affects DV RNA translation initiation, cytosolic DV RNA degradation, and naïve cell infection. We further analyzed the potential of direct acting antiviral drugs targeting different processes of the DV lifecycle in silico and found that targeting RNA synthesis and virus assembly and release are the most promising anti-DV drug targets.
Abstract
Non‐native invasive species are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. High genetic variation is thought to be a critical factor for invasion success. Accordingly, the global invasion of a few clonal lineages of the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum is thus both puzzling and has the potential to help illuminate why some invasions succeed while others fail. Here, we used SNP markers and a geographically broad sampling scheme (N = 1617) including native New Zealand populations and invasive North American and European populations to provide the first widescale population genetic assessment of the relationships between and among native and invasive P. antipodarum. We used a combination of traditional and Bayesian molecular analyses to demonstrate that New Zealand populations harbour very high diversity relative to the invasive populations and are the source of the two main European genetic lineages. One of these two European lineages was in turn the source of at least one of the two main North American genetic clusters of invasive P. antipodarum, located in Lake Ontario. The other widespread North American group had a more complex origin that included the other European lineage and two New Zealand clusters. Altogether, our analyses suggest that just a small handful of clonal lineages of P. antipodarum were responsible for invasion across continents. Our findings provide critical information for prevention of additional invasions and control of existing invasive populations and are of broader relevance towards understanding the establishment and evolution of asexual populations and the forces driving biological invasion.
Swine are regarded as promising biomedical models, but the dynamics of theirgastrointestinal microbiome have been much less investigated than that of humans or mice. The aimof this study was to establish an integrated multi-omics protocol to investigate the fecal microbiomeof healthy swine. To this end, a preparation and analysis protocol including integrated samplepreparation for meta-omics analyses of deep-frozen feces was developed. Subsequent data integrationlinked microbiome composition with function, and metabolic activity with protein inventories, i.e.,16S rRNA data and expressed proteins, and identified proteins with corresponding metabolites.16S rRNA gene amplicon and metaproteomics analyses revealed a fecal microbiome dominated byPrevotellaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae,RuminococcaceaeandClostridiaceae.Similar microbiomecompositions in feces and colon, but not ileum samples, were observed, showing that feces can serveas minimal-invasive proxy for porcine colon microbiomes. Longitudinal dynamics in composition,e.g., temporal decreased abundance ofLactobacillaceaeandStreptococcaceaeduring the experiment,were not reflected in microbiome function. Instead, metaproteomics and metabolomics showed arather stable functional state, as evident from short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles and associatedmetaproteome functions, pointing towards functional redundancy among microbiome constituents.In conclusion, our pipeline generates congruent data from different omics approaches on the taxonomyand functionality of the intestinal microbiome of swine.
Alongside biological, psychological, and social risk factors, psychotic syndromes may berelated to disturbances of neuronal migration. This highly complex process characterizesthe developing brain of the fetus, the early postnatal brain, and the adult brain, as reflectedby changes within the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus,where neurogenesis persists throughout life. Psychosis also appears to be linked tohuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, little is known about the connectionbetween psychosis, HCMV infection, and disruption of neuronal migration. The presentstudy addresses the hypothesis that HCMV infection may lead to mental disordersthrough mechanisms of autoimmune cross-reactivity. Searching for common peptidesthat underlie immune cross-reactions, the analyses focus on HCMV and human proteinsinvolved in neuronal migration. Results demonstrate a large overlap of viral peptides withhuman proteins associated with neuronal migration, such as ventral anterior homeobox 1and cell adhesion molecule 1 implicated in GABAergic and glutamatergicneurotransmission. The presentfindings support the possibility of immune cross-reactivity between HCMV and human proteins that—when altered, mutated, orimproperly functioning—may disrupt normal neuronal migration. In addition, thesefindings are consistent with a molecular and mechanistic framework for pathologicalsequences of events, beginning with HCMV infection, followed by immune activation,cross-reactivity, and neuronal protein variations that may ultimately contribute to theemergence of mental disorders, including psychosis
Abstract
Multiple G‐tracts within the promoter region of the c‐myc oncogene may fold into various G‐quadruplexes with the recruitment of different tracts and guanosine residues for the G‐core assembly. Thermodynamic profiles for the folding of wild‐type and representative truncated as well as mutated sequences were extracted by comprehensive DSC experiments. The unique G‐quadruplex involving consecutive G‐tracts II–V with formation of two one‐nucleotide and one central two‐nucleotide propeller loop, previously proposed to be the biologically most relevant species, was found to be the most stable fold in terms of its Gibbs free energy of formation at ambient temperatures. Its stability derives from its short propeller loops but also from the favorable type of loop residues. Whereas quadruplex folds with long propeller loops are significantly disfavored, a snap‐back loop structure formed by incorporating a 3’‐terminal guanosine into the empty position of a tetrad seems highly competitive based on its thermodynamic stability. However, its destabilization by extending the 3’‐terminus questions the significance of such a species under in vivo conditions.
Changes in the environment will alter the growth rate of trees and forests. Different disciplines assess such growth rates differently, for example, with tree-ring width data, forest inventories or with carbon-flux data from eddy covariance towers. Such data is used to quantify forests biomass increment, forest’s carbon sequestration or to reconstruct environmental variables before instrumental records. However, raw measurement data is typically not considered to be representative for the average growth rate of trees or forests. Depending on the research question, the effects of certain environmental variables or effects of tree and forest structure have to be removed first. It can be challenging to define and quantify a growth trend that can answer a specific research question because trees and forests grow and respond to environmental change in multiple ways simultaneously, for example, with altered radial increment, height growth, and stand density. Further challenges pose time-lagged feedback loops, for example, between height and radial increment or between stand density and radial increment. Generally, different environments will lead to different tree and forest structures, but because of tree’s longevity this adaptation to the new environment will take decades or even centuries. Consequently, there can be an offset between the present forest structure and what we term the potential natural forest (PNF): Similar to the potential natural vegetation (PNV), the PNF represents that forest that would develop under the current environmental conditions in the absence of human intervention. Because growth rates are affected by the tree and forest structure, growth-trend estimates will differ between the present and the potential forest. Consequently, if the legacy effects of the past are not of interest, the PNF is the theoretical baseline to correct and estimate growth trends.
Abomasal emptying rate of diarrhoeic and healthy suckling calves fed with oral rehydration solutions
(2020)
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the abomasal emptying rate (AER) of calves suffering from naturally occurring diarrhoea compared with that of healthy calves. Furthermore, the effects of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) mixed into milk replacer on the AER were determined. Acetaminophen absorption test (APAT) was performed to estimate the AER. Sixty Holstein–Frisian calves (age < 14 days) were included in the study and divided into groups as follows: healthy calves (H; n = 16), healthy calves fed with ORS (HORS; n = 14), diarrhoeic calves (D; n = 15) and diarrhoeic calves fed with ORS (DORS; n = 15). For the APAT, the calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer containing 50 mg acetaminophen (AP)/kg body weight. Venous blood samples were collected before and after milk replacer and AP intake in 30–60 min intervals for 12 hr. During the APAT, no significant differences in median maximum acetaminophen concentration (Cmax) were observed among all groups. Time to reach maximum acetaminophen concentration (Tmax) in DORS (median 390 min, 25/75 quartiles: 300/480 min) was significantly higher compared with that in H (median: 270 min 25/75 quartiles: 210/315 min) and HORS (median: 300 min (25/75 quartiles: 240/360 min). Non‐linear regression revealed that the calculated abomasal half‐life (AP t1/2) tended to be delayed in DORS (median: 652 min, 25/75 quartiles: 445/795 min, p = .10). The area under the AP curve values (AUC) from 0 to 120 min and 0 to 240 min of the observation period were significantly higher in H than D and DORS. In conclusion, significant differences in the AER indices reflected delayed abomasal emptying in diarrhoeic calves. Furthermore, the hypertonic ORS tended to have an additive delaying impact on the AER, which needs attention for the feeding management of diarrhoeic calves.
Abstract
Background
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is likely a misdirected bacterial host defense mechanism. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) binds to polyanions on bacterial surfaces exposing neo‐epitopes to which HIT antibodies bind. Platelets are activated by the resulting immune complexes via FcγRIIA, release bactericidal substances, and kill Gram‐negative Escherichia coli.
Objectives
To assess the role of PF4, anti‐PF4/H antibodies and FcγRIIa in killing of Gram‐positive bacteria by platelets.
Methods
Binding of PF4 to protein‐A deficient Staphylococcus aureus (SA113Δspa) and non‐encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (D39Δcps) and its conformational change were assessed by flow cytometry using monoclonal (KKO,5B9) and patient derived anti‐PF4/H antibodies. Killing of bacteria was quantified by counting colony forming units (cfu) after incubation with platelets or platelet releasate. Using flow cytometry, platelet activation (CD62P‐expression, PAC‐1 binding) and phosphatidylserine (PS)‐exposure were analyzed.
Results
Monoclonal and patient‐derived anti‐PF4/H antibodies bound in the presence of PF4 to both S. aureus and S. pneumoniae (1.6‐fold increased fluorescence signal for human anti‐PF4/H antibodies to 24.0‐fold increase for KKO). Staphylococcus aureus (5.5 × 104cfu/mL) was efficiently killed by platelets (2.7 × 104cfu/mL) or their releasate (2.9 × 104cfu/mL). Killing was not further enhanced by PF4 or anti‐PF4/H antibodies. Blocking FcγRIIa had no impact on killing of S. aureus by platelets. In contrast, S. pneumoniae was not killed by platelets or releasate. Instead, after incubation with pneumococci platelets were unresponsive to TRAP‐6 stimulation and exposed high levels of PS.
Conclusions
Anti‐PF4/H antibodies seem to have only a minor role for direct killing of Gram‐positive bacteria by platelets. Staphylococcus aureus is killed by platelets or platelet releasate. In contrast, S. pneumoniae affects platelet viability.
Abstract
A N‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO), a terminal alkene selectively activates aromatic C−F bonds without the need of any additional catalyst. As a result, a straightforward methodology was developed for the formation of different fluoroaryl‐substituted alkenes in which the central carbon–carbon double bond is in a twisted geometry.
Abstract
Because isoenzymes of the experimentally and therapeutically extremely relevant sirtuin family show high similarity, addressing the unique selectivity pocket of sirtuin 2 is a promising strategy towards selective inhibitors. An unrelated approach towards selective inhibition of isoenzymes with varied tissue distribution is targeted drug delivery or spatiotemporal activation by photochemical activation. Azologization of two nicotinamide‐mimicking lead structures was undertaken to combine both approaches and yielded a set of 33 azobenzenes and azopyridines that have been evaluated for their photochemical behaviour and bioactivity. For some compounds, inhibitory activity reached the sub‐micromolar range in their thermodynamically favoured E form and could be decreased by photoisomerization to the metastable Z form. Besides, derivatization with long‐chain fatty acids yielded potent sirtuin 2 inhibitors, featuring another intriguing aspect of azo‐based photoswitches. In these compounds, switching to the Z isomer increased aqueous solubility and thereby enhanced biological activity by up to a factor of 21. The biological activity of two compounds was confirmed by hyperacetylation of sirtuin specific histone proteins in a cell‐based activity assay.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) are the key enzymes of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the kynurenine pathway (KP). Both enzymes function as indicators of immunosuppression and poor survival in cancer patients. Direct or indirect targeting of either of these substances seems thus reasonable to improve therapy options for patients. In this study, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) were examined because of their different mechanisms of spontaneous and treatment-induced immune escape. Effects on gene expression and protein levels were examined. Accompanying assessment of TRP metabolites from treated GBM cell culture supernatants was conducted. Our results show a heterogeneous and inversely correlated expression profile of TRP-metabolizing genes among GBM and HNSCC cells, with low, but inducible IDO1 expression upon IFNγ treatment. TDO2 expression was higher in GBM cells, while genes encoding kynurenine aminotransferases were mainly confined to HNSCC cells. These data indicate that the KP is active in both entities, with however different enzymes involved in TRP catabolism. Upon treatment with Temozolomide, the standard of care for GBM patients, IDO1 was upregulated. Comparable, although less pronounced effects were seen in HNSCC upon Cetuximab and conventional drugs (i.e., 5-fluorouracil, Gemcitabine). Here, IDO1 and additional genes of the KP (KYAT1, KYAT2, and KMO) were induced. Vice versa, the novel yet experimental cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dinaciclib suppressed KP in both entities. Our comprehensive data imply inhibition of the TRP catabolism by Dinaciclib, while conventional chemotherapeutics tend to activate this pathway. These data point to limitations of conventional therapy and highlight the potential of targeted therapies to interfere with the cells' metabolism more than anticipated.
Abstract
Background
A growing proportion of older people in Germany receive long‐term care from informal and professional caregivers at home. Their personal assessment of the individual care situation is scarcely considered.
Aim
This study aimed to explore the subjective views of care recipients, informal and professional caregivers on the adequacy of care provision in long‐term home care arrangements.
Design and Methods
Qualitative semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with ten care recipients, ten professional caregivers and eight informal caregivers to capture their perspectives on the adequacy of the care received and delivered. Qualitative content analysis was applied using MAXQDA software.
Results
All groups highlighted that they perceive an underprovision of care, even though their explanations differed. The underprovision was mainly described regarding the quality rather than quantity of services. It occurs especially in interpersonal relationships and social inclusion, where the gap between the self‐perceived current situation and the desires of those affected is most prominent. The ambivalent impact of home care on social participation becomes apparent. Perceptions of an overprovision of care range from the view that it appears mainly with respect to informal care to the statement that it is currently non‐existent or generally impossible. Misprovision of care is experienced as serious whenever the interviewees face the challenge of preserving existing abilities or regaining certain skills.
Abstract
Two decades after the discovery of adult‐born neurons in the brains of decapod crustaceans, the deutocerebral proliferative system (DPS) producing these neural lineages has become a model of adult neurogenesis in invertebrates. Studies on crayfish have provided substantial insights into the anatomy, cellular dynamics, and regulation of the DPS. Contrary to traditional thinking, recent evidence suggests that the neurogenic niche in the crayfish DPS lacks self‐renewing stem cells, its cell pool being instead sustained via integration of hemocytes generated by the innate immune system. Here, we investigated the origin, division and migration patterns of the adult‐born neural progenitor (NP) lineages in detail. We show that the niche cell pool is not only replenished by hemocyte integration but also by limited numbers of symmetric cell divisions with some characteristics reminiscent of interkinetic nuclear migration. Once specified in the niche, first generation NPs act as transit‐amplifying intermediate NPs that eventually exit and produce multicellular clones as they move along migratory streams toward target brain areas. Different clones may migrate simultaneously in the streams but occupy separate tracks and show spatio‐temporally flexible division patterns. Based on this, we propose an extended DPS model that emphasizes structural similarities to pseudostratified neuroepithelia in other arthropods and vertebrates. This model includes hemocyte integration and intrinsic cell proliferation to synergistically counteract niche cell pool depletion during the animal's lifespan. Further, we discuss parallels to recent findings on mammalian adult neurogenesis, as both systems seem to exhibit a similar decoupling of proliferative replenishment divisions and consuming neurogenic divisions.