Refine
Year of publication
- 2020 (471) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (281)
- Doctoral Thesis (186)
- Book (2)
- Final Thesis (1)
- Report (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (471)
Keywords
- - (238)
- plasma medicine (10)
- reactive oxygen species (9)
- kINPen (8)
- climate change (7)
- proteomics (7)
- Germany (6)
- ROS (6)
- biocatalysis (5)
- paludiculture (5)
- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (5)
- sepsis (5)
- Biocatalysis (4)
- Epidemiologie (4)
- Molekularbiologie (4)
- NGS (4)
- Plasma (4)
- Staphylococcus aureus (4)
- cold atmospheric plasma (4)
- motor rehabilitation (4)
- rewetting (4)
- stroke (4)
- <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (3)
- Adipokine (3)
- Bacillus subtilis (3)
- Delphi study (3)
- MRSA (3)
- Niere (3)
- Plasmamedizin (3)
- Plasmaphysik (3)
- Sepsis (3)
- Wendelstein 7-X (3)
- allergy (3)
- anticancer drugs (3)
- asthma (3)
- biofilm (3)
- cattle trade (3)
- clinical (3)
- dementia (3)
- dendroecology (3)
- epidemic model (3)
- flux analysis (3)
- infection (3)
- magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- microbiota (3)
- modularity (3)
- network analysis (3)
- osmotic stress adaptation (3)
- outcome measures (3)
- peatland (3)
- polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (3)
- proline (3)
- resistance (3)
- stochastic block model (3)
- transcriptomics (3)
- <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2)
- Adipositas (2)
- Aktin (2)
- Baltic Sea (2)
- Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs (2)
- Biopharmazie (2)
- Bundle Gerbes (2)
- CASP (2)
- Cell culture (2)
- Chemotherapie (2)
- Clp proteolysis (2)
- Demenz (2)
- Diabetes mellitus (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- ESBL (2)
- Epigenetik (2)
- Europe (2)
- G-quadruplexes (2)
- Geschichte (2)
- Ghana (2)
- Glaukom (2)
- Heparin (2)
- IL-33 (2)
- Infektionen (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Kiefergelenk (2)
- Klimawandel (2)
- Kompressionstherapie (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- LL-37 (2)
- Lebensqualität (2)
- Literatur (2)
- MRT (2)
- Mathematical Physics (2)
- Maus (2)
- McsB arginine kinase (2)
- Medizinethik (2)
- Modellierung (2)
- Moor (2)
- Nervensystem (2)
- PCV13 (2)
- PHMB (2)
- Paludikultur (2)
- Pankreatitis (2)
- Pflege (2)
- Proteomanalyse (2)
- Schlaganfall (2)
- Stellarator (2)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (2)
- Transaminases (2)
- Transkriptomanalyse (2)
- Versorgungsforschung (2)
- Virulenz (2)
- Vorhofflimmern (2)
- W-Protein (2)
- adaptation (2)
- aging (2)
- agriculture (2)
- antibiotic resistance (2)
- antimicrobial resistance (2)
- arginine phosphorylation (2)
- asymmetric synthesis (2)
- basal ganglia (2)
- body mass index (2)
- boreal forest (2)
- caveolae (2)
- cerebellum (2)
- chemical senses (2)
- cold physical plasma (2)
- cytotoxicity (2)
- dendrochronology (2)
- dinutuximab beta (2)
- disturbance (2)
- drainage (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- epidemiologic studies (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- fatty acids (2)
- forest ecology (2)
- genetic adaptation (2)
- genome (2)
- gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (2)
- growing media (2)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (2)
- host adaptation (2)
- immune response (2)
- immunotherapy (2)
- infection prevention (2)
- integrative taxonomy (2)
- knowledge (2)
- machine learning (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- metabolism (2)
- metaproteomics (2)
- methane (2)
- miRNA (2)
- mouse models (2)
- natural products (2)
- nervous system (2)
- network (2)
- non-motor manifestation (2)
- nucleus accumbens (2)
- obesity (2)
- oncology (2)
- pancreatic cancer (2)
- peat moss (2)
- percolation fen (2)
- pneumococcal carriage (2)
- proteome (2)
- research (2)
- sensorimotor cortex (2)
- serotypes (2)
- social interactions (2)
- stellarator (2)
- stiffness (2)
- stress response (2)
- susceptibility testing (2)
- sustainable land use (2)
- targeted therapy (2)
- taste (2)
- thermodynamics (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- transplantation (2)
- treeline (2)
- vaccine (2)
- virulence (2)
- virulence genes (2)
- Übersetzung (2)
- 1-MT (1)
- 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA gene-sequencing (1)
- 24- Stunden-Augeninnendrucktagesprofil (1)
- 3,5-Diiodthyronin (3,5-T2) (1)
- 3,5-diiodothyronine (1)
- 3D model (1)
- 3D visualization (1)
- 4-D model (1)
- 4-D-Modell (1)
- 4010153-8 (1)
- 5637 (1)
- 69 n. Chr. (1)
- <i>A. thaliana</i> (1)
- <i>Arundo donax</i> (1)
- <i>Candida lusitaniae</i> (1)
- <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> (1)
- <i>Janus kinase 2</i> (<i>JAK2</i>) (1)
- <i>Lannea barteri</i> (1)
- <i>Phragmites australis</i> (1)
- <i>Pieris napi<i> (1)
- <i>S. aureus</i> (1)
- <i>S. pneumoniae</i> (1)
- <i>SLC16A1</i> (1)
- <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L. (1)
- <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> (1)
- <i>Typha latifolia</i> (1)
- ACE inhibitors (1)
- AD 69 (1)
- ADGRE1 (1)
- AFT (1)
- AML (1)
- API Drug synthesis (1)
- ARB (1)
- ASFV (1)
- AUDIT‐C (1)
- Acoustic Backscatter (1)
- Actinobacteria (1)
- Acute decompensated heart failure (1)
- Adhärenz (1)
- Adultneurogenese (1)
- Aedes albopictus (1)
- Aktinzytoskelett (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alexithymia (1)
- Alexithymie (1)
- Algebra Bundles (1)
- Algorithmic Cheminformatics (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Alkoholkonsum (1)
- Aluize (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Alzheimer's (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (1)
- Ambulatory geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Amine (1)
- Amine transaminase, ketoreductase (1)
- Analyse des données (1)
- Androgene (1)
- Angehörige (1)
- Angstreduktion (1)
- Anopheles algeriensis (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anti-cancer and anti-microbials (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- ApoE-KnockOut (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Application web (1)
- Approximate Bayesian Computation (1)
- Archiv (1)
- Archive (1)
- Arenaviren (1)
- Arenavirus (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Armenia (1)
- Armfunktion (1)
- Armparese (1)
- Arxula adeninivorans (1)
- Aryl fluorides (1)
- Asia (1)
- Assay performance (1)
- Associative learning (1)
- Asymmetric synthesis (1)
- Atmosphärendruckplasma (1)
- Atrial Fibrillation (1)
- At‐risk Drinking (1)
- Augenheilkunde (1)
- Augenheilkunde, altersabhängige Makuladegeneration, Makula, Netzhaut, Drusen, epidemiologische Studie, populationsbasierte Studie (1)
- Aujeszky-Krankheit (1)
- Aviäre Influenza (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- Azofarbstoffe (1)
- B cell response (1)
- B cells (1)
- B1-a B Cells (1)
- BCR-ABL (1)
- BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) (1)
- BH3-only proteins (1)
- BK (1)
- BKPyV (1)
- BVDV (1)
- Bacillus licheniformis (1)
- Bacterial cell membrane (1)
- Bacterial cell wall (1)
- Ballonkyphoplastie (1)
- Baltische Sprachen (1)
- Barry (1)
- Basaliom (1)
- Bat (1)
- Bat behavior (1)
- Bay 58 2667 (1)
- Behandlung (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Berlin Brandenburg Airport (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bewegungsverhalten (1)
- Biber (1)
- Bildanalyse (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biokatalyse (1)
- Biokatalyse , Enzym , Alkohol , Amine , Enzymkatalyse , Asymmetrische Katalyse (1)
- Biorelevante Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Biosynthesis of bile acids (1)
- Blood supply (1)
- Blutbedarf, Transfusion, demographischer Wandel (1)
- Blutkultur (1)
- Blutspende , Bevölkerungsentwicklung , Patient , Erythrozytenkonzentrat (1)
- Bodennutzung (1)
- Body-Mass-Index (1)
- Bootstrap current (1)
- Brackets (1)
- BrdU (1)
- Bromdesoxyuridin (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Bruxismus (1)
- Buche (1)
- Bänderverletzung (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- CAP (1)
- CASPI (1)
- CD4 (1)
- CLP (1)
- CML (1)
- CNS—central nervous system (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CRISPR (1)
- CRISPR/Cas-Methode (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CVD biomarker (1)
- CVI (1)
- CYP1A1 (1)
- CYP1A2 (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Candida (1)
- Capsid (1)
- Carbonate microfacies (1)
- Cardiovascular rehabilitation (1)
- Caries (1)
- Caries prevention (1)
- Caries treatment (1)
- Caucasus (1)
- Cell aggregation (1)
- Cell death (1)
- Cell division defect (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Centrality (1)
- Changane (1)
- Characteristic Attribute Organization System (1)
- Checkliste (1)
- Chemokine (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Children (1)
- Chiral amine (1)
- Chiral amines (1)
- Choice Experiment (1)
- Climatic adaptation (1)
- Co-selection (1)
- Codakia orbicularis (1)
- Coefficient of variation (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Coil Optimization (1)
- Communication science (1)
- Compression (1)
- Congestion (1)
- Connection length (1)
- Connectivity (1)
- Copolymer (1)
- Correlation networks (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Cost-Effectiveness (1)
- Cost-Utility (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Creighton’s principles (1)
- Crisis communication (1)
- Cross-coupling (1)
- Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (1)
- Cyprus (1)
- CytoSorb (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- DEB-model (1)
- DISI (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA epair (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA taxonomy (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSI (1)
- DSI Retst Reliabilität (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Data model (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenmodell (1)
- De vita Caesarum (1)
- Dear Doctor letter (1)
- Decayed (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Deletion mutants (1)
- Demographic change (1)
- Dentin caries (1)
- Depression (1)
- Disialogangliosid (1)
- Displacement (1)
- Dissektion (1)
- Dithiolene (1)
- Divertor (1)
- Dornen (1)
- Drinking Patterns (1)
- Drishti (1)
- Drittmittelanalyse (1)
- Drosera rotundifolia (1)
- Duktoskopie (1)
- Dünne Filme (1)
- E-Health (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EMR1 (1)
- EQ-5D-Y (1)
- ESBL – (1)
- Early Modern time (1)
- Early childhood caries (1)
- EdU (1)
- Eierstockkrebs (1)
- Electric Propulsion (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Emission (1)
- Endodontie (1)
- Endometrium (1)
- Endometriumkarzinom (1)
- Endothelzellen (1)
- Enterobacterales (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmental gradient (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Erholung (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Ernährungsgewohnheiten (1)
- Ernährungsökologie (1)
- Erreger (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Ethik (1)
- Euregio (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Ewing’s sarcoma (1)
- Experiment (1)
- F4/80 (1)
- FASN (1)
- FGD (1)
- FLT3 (1)
- FLT3-ITD (1)
- FLT3-TKD (1)
- FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Faktoren (1)
- FcγRIIa (1)
- Feature Tracking (1)
- Feed supplementation (1)
- Feldversuch (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- Feste Arzneiform (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Fiji (1)
- Filling (1)
- Fingergelenksarthrodese (1)
- Firmicutes (1)
- Fledermäuse (1)
- Fleischkonsum (1)
- Floquet (1)
- Fokalkontakte (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Fossilien (1)
- Fossilisation (1)
- Fragebogen zur Erfassung des stimmlichen Selbstkonzepts (1)
- Franzkeit-Edition (1)
- FreeSurfer (1)
- Freistaat Bayern (1)
- Frühe Neuzeit (1)
- Functional characterization (1)
- Fusion (1)
- Fusionsprotein (1)
- GPx1 knockout (1)
- Gallbladder cancer (1)
- Gallenblasenkarzinom (1)
- Ganzkörper-MRT (1)
- Gartenbau (1)
- Gatrointestinaltrakt (1)
- Gebärmutterschleimhautkrebs (1)
- Geflügel (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gemcitabin (1)
- Gene mutation (1)
- General population (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geochemie (1)
- Geometrie (1)
- Geometry (1)
- Geophysik (1)
- Geriatric multimorbidity (1)
- Geriatrie (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Gesichtsfeld (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation (1)
- Glaukomprogression (1)
- Glücksspiel (1)
- Gram-positive infections (1)
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1)
- Graph Theory (1)
- Greifswald (1)
- Großfürstentum Litauen (1)
- Grünland (1)
- GudB (1)
- Gynäkologie (1)
- Gyrus cinguli (1)
- HCM (1)
- HCMV (1)
- HEK cells (1)
- HET-CAM (1)
- HIV (1)
- HL-1 (1)
- HL-1 Cardiomyocytes (1)
- HL-60 (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- HNO Klinik Greifswald (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPTLC (1)
- Habitat (1)
- Halsmuskulatur (1)
- Health claims data (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heilpflanze (1)
- Heilpflanzenanbau (1)
- Hemiparese (1)
- HepG2 (1)
- Herbivor (1)
- Herpesviren (1)
- Herpesvirus suis (1)
- Herz (1)
- Herzinsuffizienz (1)
- Heterocycle synthesis (1)
- Hexenverfolgung (1)
- Hexerei (1)
- Hirnareal (1)
- Hirudin (1)
- Hirudin‐like factors (1)
- Histoire (1)
- Histologie , Biopsie (1)
- Histon-Deacetylase (1)
- History (1)
- Hitzeschockprotein (1)
- Holarctic distribution (1)
- Hsp27 (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hydroakustik (1)
- Hydrothermalquelle (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- Hämangiom (1)
- Hühnerei (1)
- ICUAW (1)
- IDO (1)
- IDO1 (1)
- IFN-Antagonist (1)
- IL10 (1)
- IR-induced variants (1)
- Identität (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG (1)
- IgM (1)
- Ilastik (1)
- Image Analysis (1)
- Immunantwort (1)
- Immunmodulation (1)
- Immunoglobulin G (1)
- Immunsuppression (1)
- Immuntherapie (1)
- Implantat (1)
- Imprecision (1)
- Impurities (1)
- In situ product recovery (1)
- In vitro Modelle (1)
- In vitro-Modell (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In vivo Methoden (1)
- In-vitro (1)
- Independent prognostic factors (1)
- Infektion (1)
- Infektionsmodelle (1)
- Inferior vena cava (1)
- Infinite Dimensional Geometry (1)
- Inflammasom (1)
- Information system (1)
- Informationssystem (1)
- Infralimbischer Kortex (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interleukin 2 (1)
- Internal quality control (1)
- Internalisierung gewichtsbezogener Stigmatisierung (1)
- Internet survey (1)
- Intraokulardruck (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion Thruster (1)
- Ionentriebwerk (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schaden (1)
- Ischämischer Insult (1)
- JC (1)
- JCPyV (1)
- JSNZ (1)
- Jahresring (1)
- Jitter (1)
- Junin virus (1)
- K (1)
- KHV (1)
- KHVD (1)
- KREC (1)
- KYNA (1)
- KYSE 70 (1)
- Kaiserbiographien (1)
- Kaltes Plasma (1)
- Kapsid (1)
- Kernexport (1)
- Kernfusion (1)
- Kernhülle (1)
- Kernspintomografie (1)
- Kiefergelenk , CMD , Halswirbelsäule , Gesichtsschädel , Volumentomografie (1)
- Kindesalter (1)
- Klimaschutz (1)
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie (1)
- Klinische Studien (1)
- Klonierung (1)
- Kohortenvergleich (1)
- Kommentar (1)
- Kompression (1)
- Kompressionsstrumpf (1)
- Komödie (1)
- Koordination (1)
- Kortex (1)
- Kraniozervikaler Übergang (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Krebstiere (1)
- Kyphoplastie (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- L-type Ca (1)
- LA-, HA-MRSA (1)
- LINE-1 (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- LNCaP (1)
- LPXTG (1)
- Laborwerte (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lander Experiment (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laparoskopie (1)
- Laparotomie (1)
- Laser Line Scanning (1)
- Laserspektroskopie (1)
- Lavage (1)
- Lebensraum (1)
- Leiomyosarkom (1)
- Lendenwirbelsäule (1)
- LepB (1)
- Leptine (1)
- Lettisch (1)
- Leukozyt (1)
- Leukozyten-Endothel-Interaktion (1)
- Lidocain (1)
- Lipofundin (1)
- Lipom (1)
- Lipoproteine (1)
- Lipoproteins (1)
- Litauen (1)
- Little Ice Age (1)
- Local adaptation (1)
- Lunge (1)
- Lymphknoten (1)
- Lyrik (1)
- MALDI-TOF (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS (1)
- MDRO (1)
- MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cell) (1)
- MHC class I (1)
- MNT-1 (1)
- MR-ToF MS (1)
- MRG (1)
- MRI targeted prostate biopsy (1)
- MRSA - Methicillin-resistant (1)
- MSSA (1)
- Macrococcus (1)
- Macula , Senile Makuladegeneration , Drusen , Epidemiologie , Netzhaut , Augenheilkunde (1)
- Magen (1)
- Magenstraße (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Magnetstimulation (1)
- Mamillensekretion (1)
- Mamma (1)
- Mamma-Chirurgie (1)
- Marine Habitat Mapping (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) (1)
- Matched cohortstudy (1)
- Mathematical Phylogenetics (1)
- Matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (1)
- Mean Defect (1)
- Measurement error (1)
- Medieval Climate Anomaly (1)
- Medizinische Chemie (1)
- Medizinische Entomologie (1)
- Medizinische Kompression (1)
- Meeresboden (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Messung (1)
- Messunsicherheit (1)
- Metabolisches Syndrom (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolom (1)
- Metabolome (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Metagenomics (1)
- Metagenomik (1)
- Metalle (1)
- Methan (1)
- MgsR (1)
- MgsR activity (1)
- MgsR degradation (1)
- MiD51 (1)
- Michaelis–Menten function (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Mikrobiologie (1)
- Mikrozirkulation (1)
- Minimal difference (1)
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (1)
- Missing and filled teeth index (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modelle des Molybdän-Cofaktors (1)
- Modèle 4-D (1)
- Modèle de données (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (moco) (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (moco) models (1)
- Molybdenum mediated pentathiepin synthesis (1)
- Molybdopterin (1)
- Mongolia (1)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (1)
- Moore (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Mosquitoes (1)
- Multibeam Echosounder (1)
- Multiparametric MRI (1)
- Muscle atrophy (1)
- Muscular dystrophy (1)
- Muskel/Fett-Index (1)
- Myom (1)
- N-heterocyclic olefins (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NEC (1)
- NF‐κB (1)
- NGF (nerve growth factor) (1)
- NGO (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NN414 (1)
- NT‐proBNP (1)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (1)
- Nachhaltige Ernährung (1)
- Nachkomme (1)
- Nachtschlaf (1)
- Neoclassical transport (1)
- Nervenchirurgie (1)
- Netrin-Signaling (1)
- Netzbetrieb (1)
- Netzkapazität (1)
- Netzstabilität (1)
- Neuroanatomie (1)
- Neuroblastom (1)
- Neuroendoskopie (1)
- Neurogenese (1)
- Neuron (1)
- Neuronale Plastizität (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Newcastle Disease (1)
- Newcastle disease (1)
- Newcastle-Krankheit (1)
- Nichtregierungsorganisation (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Niemann–Pick disease type C1 (1)
- Nierenteilresektion (1)
- Nierentumor , Prognose (1)
- Nnucleophilic substitution (1)
- Nonoperative (1)
- Nonoperative caries management (1)
- Nuclear Egress (1)
- Nucleinsäuren (1)
- Nucleoside modification and labeling (1)
- Nucleus accumbes (1)
- Nukleocapsid (1)
- Nutzen (1)
- OCT1 (1)
- OCT1 Effects (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Offenwinkelglaukom (1)
- Offspring overweight (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Omnilog (1)
- One‐pot reaction (1)
- Onkologie (1)
- Optische Fernerkundung (1)
- Oral health (1)
- Organischer Kationentransporter (1)
- Osteosynthese (1)
- Otho (1)
- Outback (1)
- Outcome (1)
- Ovar (1)
- Ovarialkarzinom (1)
- Ovarialtorsion (1)
- Ovarialtumor (1)
- Ovarialzyste (1)
- P450 (1)
- PC3 (1)
- PDAC (1)
- PEF (1)
- PF4 (1)
- PHMB adsorption (1)
- PID (1)
- PKD (1)
- POWG (1)
- PPMV-1 (1)
- PPP syndrome (1)
- PTS (1)
- Paclitaxel (1)
- Palaearctic grassland (1)
- Palladin (1)
- Paludiculture (1)
- Paläoökologie (1)
- Pan-lipoproteome analysis (1)
- Pankreaskarzinom (1)
- Pankreasnekrose (1)
- Parasit (1)
- Parodontitis (1)
- Particle-in-Cell (1)
- Pathogenität (1)
- Pathoproteomics (1)
- Pd/PTABS catalyst (1)
- Penicillin G, Formulation development, Helicobacter pylori (1)
- Pentathiepins (1)
- Periodontitis (1)
- Peritoneallavage (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Pest der kleinen Wiederkäuer (1)
- Pflanzen (1)
- Pflegebedürftigkeit (1)
- Pflegeethik (1)
- Pflegekräfte (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Pharmazeutische Chemie (1)
- Pharmazeutische Technologie (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Phlebologie (1)
- Phosphoproteomics (1)
- Photochemie (1)
- Photopharmakologie (1)
- Photoplethysmographie (1)
- Photoswitches (1)
- Phragmites australis (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Physiologische Stressreaktion (1)
- Pieris napi (1)
- Pigmentierung (1)
- Pigs (1)
- Pinus uncinata (1)
- Plasma Modeling (1)
- Plasma Physics (1)
- Plasma physics (1)
- Plasma-wall interaction (1)
- Plasmachemie (1)
- Plasmadiagnostik (1)
- Plasmarandschicht (1)
- Plasmasimulation (1)
- Plastizität (1)
- Pneumatic Tube System (1)
- Pneumatisches Tube System (1)
- Podozyt (1)
- Polihexanid (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Poloxamer 188 (1)
- Polymorphismus (1)
- Polyomaviren (1)
- Polysaccharide (1)
- Polytrauma (1)
- Population (1)
- Positivitätswahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Power decay (1)
- Preeclampsia (1)
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (1)
- Primary teeth (1)
- Primäres Offenwinkelglaukom (1)
- Primärfokus (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Propensity score matching (1)
- Prostatakrebs (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protein Engineering (1)
- Proteobacteria (1)
- Proteom (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Präferenzanalyse (1)
- Prävalenz (1)
- Pseudorabies (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- Psychiatrische Erkrankungen (1)
- Psychischer Stress (1)
- Pterin (1)
- Public Health (1)
- Publikationsanalyse (1)
- Pulmonal-arterielle Hypertonie (1)
- Pulmonale Hypertonie , Bindegewebskrankheit , Rheumatoide Arthritis (1)
- Push–pull imines (1)
- Pädaudiologie Greifswald (1)
- RHDV (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNS (1)
- RRID: AB_2338006 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338362 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338459 (1)
- RRID: AB_2338914 (1)
- RRID: AB_2341179 (1)
- RRID: AB_261811 (1)
- RRID: AB_477585 (1)
- RRID: SCR_007370 (1)
- RRID: SCR_010279 (1)
- RRID: SCR_014199 (1)
- Rapid Atrial Pacing (1)
- RareScreen (1)
- Rauigkeit <Akustik> (1)
- Rechtsmedizin (1)
- Rechtsrahmen (1)
- Red blood cell concentrates (1)
- Refugees (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Rehabilitationstherapie (1)
- Reisekostenmodell (1)
- Rekombinantes Protein (1)
- Rekombination (1)
- Remote Sensing (1)
- Replikation (1)
- Resident (1)
- Resilienz (1)
- Restoration (1)
- Reverse Transkriptase (1)
- Reverses Genetisches System (1)
- Review (1)
- Rhenium (1)
- Riftia pachyptila (1)
- Rili-BAEK (1)
- Ringknorpel (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risikocheckliste (1)
- Risikofaktoren (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Robust (1)
- Root caries (1)
- Rotbuche (1)
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (1)
- Rundblättriger Sonnentau (1)
- Réseau sémantique (1)
- Rückenschmerzen (1)
- S1P (1)
- SCID (1)
- SEA (1)
- SHIP (1)
- SK-MEL-28 (1)
- SLC22A1 (1)
- SLC22A9 (1)
- SLC35F1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNVs (1)
- SNiP (1)
- SPecies IDentity and Evolution in R (1)
- SRM (1)
- ST1159 (1)
- ST2 (1)
- STEC (1)
- SaOs‐2 cell differentiation (1)
- Saliva (1)
- Salivary Tracer Technique (1)
- Sarkom (1)
- Sauerstoffmangel (1)
- Scapholunate ligament, (1)
- Schichtarbeit (1)
- Schilddrüsenhormon (1)
- Schilddrüsenhormon-Metabolite (1)
- Schilf (1)
- Schmetterling (1)
- Schutzmaßnahme (1)
- Schwangerschaftsdiabetes (1)
- Schädelhirntrauma (1)
- Score (1)
- Scots pine (1)
- Scrape-off layer width (1)
- Seafloor Roguhness (1)
- Sec-translocon (1)
- Selective caries removal (1)
- Self-assembling protein design (1)
- Semantic network (1)
- Semantisches Netz (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sepsis, CASP, CASPI, PHMB, Polihexanid, Lipofundin, Lavage, Peritoneallavage (1)
- Ser/Thr kinases (1)
- Serom (1)
- Sexualhormon (1)
- Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1)
- SiSo (1)
- SigB (1)
- Sir2-like Proteine (1)
- Sirtuine (1)
- Smartwatch (1)
- Social information use (1)
- Sonnentau (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Soviet Socialist Republics (1)
- Soziale Unterstützung (1)
- Sozialsysteme (1)
- Spatial memory (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sphagnum farming (1)
- SplD (1)
- Sputum (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Standardabweichung (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (1)
- Statistik (1)
- Stechmücken (1)
- Stent (1)
- Stigmatisierung (1)
- Stilben (1)
- Stimme (1)
- Stochstic Programming (1)
- Stoffwechselkrankheit (1)
- Strain (1)
- Strain Rate (1)
- Straßenverkehrsunfall (1)
- Streifenmeniskometrie (1)
- String Geometry (1)
- Structure (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Subpopulation (1)
- Sucht (1)
- Suetonius Tranquillus, Gaius (1)
- SuperPred (1)
- Supercritical fluid chromatography (1)
- Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (1)
- Survival rate (1)
- SwissTargetPrediction (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Synthetic design (1)
- Systemic infection (1)
- Système d’information (1)
- T cell (1)
- T cell superallergen (1)
- T cells (1)
- TGF (1)
- TGR(mREN2)27 (1)
- THP-1 (1)
- TIM-3 (1)
- TREC (1)
- TTP (1)
- Tacaribe virus (1)
- Taxol (1)
- Teichoic acid (1)
- Teichonsäuren (1)
- Teilhabe (1)
- Telemedizin (1)
- Tempus 600 (1)
- Testosteron (1)
- Tg4-42 (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thiamine Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Thrombin (1)
- Thrombozyt (1)
- Thyroglobulin (1)
- Thyroid (1)
- Thyroid imaging (1)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (1)
- Ti6Al4V (1)
- Tierische Lebensmittel (1)
- Titan (1)
- Torf (1)
- Torfabbau (1)
- Totholz (1)
- Toxoplasma gondii (1)
- Toxoplasmose (1)
- Trachea (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transitional metal catalysis (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Transporter (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Treatment outcome (1)
- Treibhausgas (1)
- Trends (1)
- Trockenes Auge (1)
- Truncus coeliacus (1)
- Truncusdissektion (1)
- Tumorzelle (1)
- Twins (1)
- Twisted K-Theory (1)
- Twitter (1)
- T‐type calcium channels (1)
- UL31 (1)
- UL34 (1)
- Ulcertec (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Uranotaenia unguiculata (1)
- Urologische Komplikationen (1)
- Uterin (1)
- V-Protein (1)
- V-loop (1)
- VR-6D (1)
- Vaccine (1)
- Vagus (1)
- Vakzine (1)
- Validierung EQ-5D-Y (1)
- Valproinsäure (1)
- Variability (1)
- Variationskoeffizient (1)
- Vector flies (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vektor (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Vierkaiserjahr (1)
- Viral Vector (1)
- Viren (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Virulenzfaktor (1)
- Visualisation (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitalität (1)
- Voluntary wheel running (1)
- Vorpommern (1)
- W7-X (1)
- WATCH-AF (1)
- Wachtelkönig (1)
- Wald (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Water-soluble catalysis (1)
- Web application (1)
- Webanwendung (1)
- West Nile virus (1)
- Western diet (1)
- Westgard rules (1)
- White spruce (1)
- Whole-cell enzyme cascade (1)
- Wiedervernässung (1)
- Wirbelkanal (1)
- Wirbellose (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Wirksamkeitstestung (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wurzelkanal (1)
- Wurzelkanalbehandlung (1)
- Wälder (1)
- X-ray analysis (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- XGND (1)
- YidC (1)
- ZMKMV (1)
- Zahnmedizin (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zellkultur (1)
- Zerebrovaskuläres Ereignis (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zoonose (1)
- Zwilling (1)
- Zytokin (1)
- aPF4/H antibodies (1)
- abdominelle Fettverteilung (1)
- abductor mechanism deficiency (1)
- abomasum (1)
- aboveground herbivory (1)
- absolute protein quantification (1)
- acetaminophen (1)
- acid resistance (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- acylation (1)
- acyltransferases (1)
- addictive behaviors (1)
- adherent human carcinoma cell lines (1)
- adipose-derived stem cells (1)
- adoptive transfer (1)
- adult neurogenesis (1)
- adults (1)
- advanced gastroesophageal cancer (1)
- advanced nursing practice (1)
- advanced nursing roles (1)
- affective disorders (1)
- age (1)
- airport development (1)
- airway inflammation (1)
- akzessorische Proteine (1)
- alamandine (1)
- alcohol (1)
- alcohol addiction (1)
- alien invasive species (1)
- alkenes (1)
- alpha-toxin (1)
- alpine (1)
- amides (1)
- amino polymer (1)
- analytical measurements (1)
- anatomie (1)
- angewandte Therapie (1)
- animal models (1)
- anti-steatotic action (1)
- anti-tumor treatment (1)
- antiallodynic activity (1)
- antibiotic use (1)
- antibody response (1)
- antibody-secreting cells (1)
- anticancer drug (1)
- antigen presentation (1)
- antimicrobial peptide (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- antimicrobial susceptibility testing (1)
- antimikrobiell (1)
- antiretrovirale Therapie (1)
- antisense RNA (1)
- anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies (1)
- aortenbogen (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- aquatic snail (1)
- arable farming (1)
- arbovirus (1)
- art (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- atomic clusters (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- attitude measurement (1)
- audiovisual integration (1)
- auricular acupuncture (1)
- autoantibodies (1)
- autologous lipotransfer (1)
- autophagy (1)
- awareness (1)
- azo dyes (1)
- barrier corona (BC) (1)
- beaver flooding (1)
- beech (1)
- behavior change (1)
- bias (1)
- big data (1)
- bildgebende Verfahren (1)
- bio-orthogonal click chemistry (1)
- bioactive compounds (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- bioeconomy (1)
- biofilm degradation (1)
- biogas (1)
- biological invasion (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biological soil crusts (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomass productivity (1)
- biomedical model swine (1)
- biorelevant dissolution (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- biotic interactions (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- bleeding tendency (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- blood culture (1)
- blood smear (1)
- blue intensity (1)
- bog (1)
- bone erosion (1)
- borderland (1)
- bortezomib (1)
- bovine (1)
- bovine ruminal acidosis (1)
- brackish water system (1)
- brain (1)
- brain plasticity (1)
- breakthrough (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- broad-sense heritability (1)
- bromodesoxyuridine (1)
- bud burst (1)
- bulk chemical production (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- c-myc (1)
- calcium influx (1)
- calcium ion signaling (1)
- calcium sparks (1)
- calorimetry (1)
- calves (1)
- cancer therapy (1)
- candidemia (1)
- carbapenamase (1)
- carbocations (1)
- carbon allocation (1)
- carbon loss (1)
- carbon storage (1)
- cardiometabolic diseases (1)
- caregiving (1)
- carotid endarterectomy (1)
- cascade reaction (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell cycle arrest (1)
- cell elasticity (1)
- cell fractionation (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cellobiose (1)
- cesarean section (1)
- chemerin (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chemoluminescence immunoassay (1)
- chemosynthesis (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- child health (1)
- childhood (1)
- children (1)
- chondrosarcoma (1)
- chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1)
- chronic stress (1)
- chronic stroke (1)
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (1)
- chronic wound (1)
- chronische venöse Insuffizienz (1)
- chronischer Stress (1)
- cingulate cortex (1)
- clear cell foci (1)
- climate change mitigation (1)
- climate extreme (1)
- climate mitigation (1)
- climate protection (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate-growth relationship (1)
- climate-growth relationships (1)
- climate–growth relationships (1)
- climatic adaptation (1)
- cline (1)
- clinical psychology (1)
- clinically important restrictions and symptoms (1)
- clonal (1)
- clonal complex (1)
- clonal trees (1)
- cluster (1)
- cluster formation (1)
- co-infection (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coastal dunes (1)
- coffee metabolites (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cold atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- cold edge (1)
- cold events (1)
- cold physical plasmas (1)
- cold plasma (1)
- collaborative care (1)
- collagen-induced arthritis (1)
- collective action (1)
- colonization type (1)
- color space differences (1)
- combination therapy (1)
- communication studies (1)
- compensation account (1)
- competition (1)
- complications (1)
- computational simulation (1)
- computer-based interventions (1)
- concentration coefficient (1)
- confessionalization (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- congenital heart disease (1)
- congenital hyperinsulinism (1)
- consent (1)
- conservation management (1)
- constant therapy (1)
- contact killing surface (1)
- continental slope (1)
- contourites (1)
- contribution margin (1)
- control diet (1)
- convective gas flow (1)
- correlation analysis (1)
- cost analysis (1)
- costing (1)
- counterfactual scenarios (1)
- crenolanib (1)
- crispr/cas9 (1)
- cross-reactivity (1)
- cross-sectional (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytochrome P450 (1)
- daidzein (1)
- dancers (1)
- decay (1)
- decontamination (1)
- deep sea (1)
- deep‐marine deposits (1)
- dehalogenase (1)
- deiodinase (1)
- delegation (1)
- dendroclimatology (1)
- dendrometer (1)
- dengue virus (1)
- denial (1)
- depression (1)
- dermatology (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic foot (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diagnostic (genetic) characters (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dialysis (1)
- diarrhoea (1)
- diazoxide (1)
- dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (1)
- diet (1)
- diffusion tension imaging (DTI) (1)
- dihedral principal component analysis (1)
- dihydrochalcones (1)
- dipole magnetic field (1)
- direct-on-target microdroplet growth assay (1)
- dirty mouse (1)
- diseases (1)
- displacement peat (1)
- dithiolene ligand (1)
- diversification (1)
- divertor (1)
- donor human milk (1)
- dormancy induction (1)
- dormancy level (1)
- dormancy release (1)
- droplet microfluidics (1)
- drought (1)
- droughts (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- drug–drug interaction (1)
- dry edge (1)
- dual RAS blockade (1)
- dysferlin (1)
- dystrophin (1)
- e-health (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- eddy covariance (1)
- effective public participation (1)
- eicosanoids (1)
- electric propulsion (1)
- electron cyclotron emission (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron-positron plasma (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotions (1)
- empathetic concern (1)
- empathy (1)
- enable-cluster (1)
- endothelial cells VEGF (1)
- endothelin receptor expression (1)
- endothelin system (1)
- enteral nutrition (1)
- environmental epidemiology (1)
- environmental gradient (1)
- enzyme catalysis (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epigenome (1)
- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- erythrocytes (1)
- esterases (1)
- estrogen receptor (1)
- estrone sulfate transporter (1)
- everolimus (1)
- evidence (1)
- exacerbation (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise (1)
- exosomes (1)
- expectations (1)
- experimental stroke (1)
- expression (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracorporeal life support (1)
- extreme warming events (1)
- farming (1)
- feedstock (1)
- fen (1)
- fen rewetting (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- field experiment (1)
- fish (live) (1)
- fitness traits (1)
- flavonoid (1)
- floating mat (1)
- flooded grasslands (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence imaging (1)
- fluorine (1)
- food spoilage (1)
- food spoilers (1)
- forecasts (1)
- forest ecosystem research (1)
- forest growth-trends (1)
- forest inventory (1)
- forests (1)
- fractal (1)
- frontal sinus (1)
- fronto-temporal cortex (1)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- functional traits (1)
- funding priorities (1)
- fusidic acid (1)
- gag reflex (1)
- gambling (1)
- gastric empying (1)
- gastrointestinal microbiome (1)
- gemcitabine (1)
- gender (1)
- general practitioner (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- genetic variants (1)
- genistein (1)
- genome size (1)
- genomics (1)
- ghost cells (1)
- gilteritinib (1)
- global change (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glucose uptake (1)
- glutaredoxin (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glutathione peroxidase-1 (1)
- gluteus maximus flap transfer (1)
- glycosidic torsion angles (1)
- government activity (1)
- granulocyte subpopulation (1)
- grassland (1)
- grassland ecosystem (1)
- greenhouse gas (1)
- greenhouse gas emission (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- ground spiders (1)
- group A streptococcus (1)
- growth inhibition (1)
- growth inhibitory effect (1)
- growth rates (1)
- guanosine analogs (1)
- guideline (1)
- guidelines (1)
- gustation (1)
- hBD3 (1)
- habitat (1)
- halides (1)
- haloalkane (1)
- haloperoxidase (1)
- hand function (1)
- hazard type (1)
- hazardous alcohol consumption (1)
- head motion (1)
- healtcare (1)
- health services research (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- healthy older adults (1)
- heartbeat detection (1)
- heat stress (1)
- hemoadsorption (1)
- hemolysis (1)
- hereditary thrombocytopenias (1)
- herpesvirus (1)
- high fat diet (1)
- high-risk neuroblastoma (1)
- high‐risk (1)
- hippocampal subfields (1)
- historisch-philologischer Kommentar (1)
- history (1)
- hiv (1)
- holobiont (1)
- home nursing (1)
- horticulture (1)
- host plant quality (1)
- host-microbe interactions (1)
- hotodecarboxylase (1)
- household income (1)
- human association studies (1)
- human breast milk (1)
- human osteoblasts (1)
- hyaluronic acid microgels (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrothermal vent (1)
- hyperspectral imaging (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypothyroidism (1)
- iTBS (1)
- ice-wedge polygon mire (1)
- identity (1)
- imaging artifact (1)
- imidazo[2,1-<i>c</i>][1,2,4]triazol-3(5<i>H</i>)-imines (1)
- immune alterations (1)
- immune evasion cluster (1)
- immune suppression (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunoadsorption (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunology (1)
- immunomodulation (1)
- imprecision (1)
- in silico target prediction (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro cytotoxic activity (1)
- in vivo (1)
- inactivation (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- individualised intervention (1)
- industrial catalysis (1)
- inflammasome (1)
- influenza A virus (1)
- informal care (1)
- infralimbic cortex (1)
- inherited platelet disorders (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inhibition of tumour cell proliferation (1)
- innate immune response (1)
- innate lymphoid cells (1)
- institutioneller Rahmen (1)
- instrumentality of harm (1)
- integrated multi-omics (1)
- interaction (1)
- interdisciplinary (1)
- interleukin 2 (1)
- interoception (1)
- interprofessional attitude (1)
- interprofessional education (1)
- intralaminäre Schrauben (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasive route (1)
- invertebrate (1)
- iron (1)
- iron-sulfur cluster (1)
- ischemic stroke (1)
- isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (iSOD) (1)
- kINPen med (1)
- kardiale Komplikationen (1)
- kardiale Risikofaktoren (1)
- kinases (1)
- kinetics (1)
- kulturelle Ökosystemleistungen (1)
- kw: Graph Theory (1)
- kynurenine pathway (1)
- label-free quantification (1)
- laboratory (1)
- land snails (1)
- landscape abundance (1)
- laser surface texturing (1)
- late Holocene (1)
- latent class analysis (1)
- leaf (1)
- length (1)
- lidocaine (1)
- ligand-transporter interaction (1)
- light intensity (irradiance) (1)
- light variability (1)
- linear gradient (1)
- lipid mediators (1)
- lipid monolayers (1)
- lipidation (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipofilling (1)
- lipogenesis (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- liquid-liquid extraction (1)
- litauisch (1)
- liver (1)
- liver disease (1)
- liver fibrosis (1)
- liver inflammation (1)
- liver pathology (1)
- livestock (1)
- livestock keeping (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- logarithmic function (1)
- long‐term home care (1)
- low and mid income countries (1)
- low-carbon behavior (1)
- low-grade inflammation (1)
- low‐temperature plasma (1)
- lymphedema (1)
- ländlich (1)
- mRNA-Editierung (1)
- macro-remains (1)
- macrophage (1)
- magnetic moment (1)
- magneto-hydrodynamic equilibrium (1)
- malnutrition (1)
- management (1)
- manganese (1)
- market analysis (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- mate choice (1)
- maternal breast milk (1)
- maternal health care (1)
- mathematical model (1)
- mating success (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases-9 (1)
- matter fluxes (1)
- maxillary sinus (1)
- mechanical circulatory support (1)
- mechanoreception (1)
- medicinal herb (1)
- medicinal leeches (1)
- medicinal plant (1)
- membrane functionality (1)
- membrane integrity (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- menaquinones (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic activity (1)
- metabolic network (1)
- metabolic phenotypes (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metabotypes (1)
- metastasis (1)
- methanogens (1)
- methanotrophic bacteria (1)
- methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1)
- methyltransferases (1)
- metrological controls (1)
- miRNA 3687 (1)
- miRNA 4417 (1)
- miRNA transcriptome (1)
- miRNA-Seq (1)
- miRNS (1)
- micro-remains (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microblogging (1)
- microsite (1)
- midostaurin (1)
- migraine (1)
- milk bank (1)
- mindreading (1)
- minimal area (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial dynamics (1)
- mitochondrial fission (1)
- mitophagy (1)
- mittlere Defekttiefe (1)
- mixed-valence complex (1)
- molar incisor hypomineralization (1)
- molecular imaging (1)
- molluscs (1)
- molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCoD) (1)
- monocarboxylate transporter 1 (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- monocyte subpopulation (1)
- moral dilemmas (1)
- moral disengagement (1)
- moral judgment (1)
- morphological crypsis (1)
- mortality (1)
- motor evoked potentials (1)
- motor function (1)
- motorisch (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1)
- multidrug-resistant microorganisms (1)
- multiple organ failure (1)
- multi‐year flooding cycle (1)
- muscle spindle (1)
- muscular dystrophy (1)
- musicians (1)
- mussel cultivation (1)
- mycoses (1)
- myrmecomorphy (1)
- nanoindentation (1)
- natürliche Waldentwicklung (1)
- navigation (1)
- nested‐plot sampling (1)
- neural stem cell (1)
- neurale Stammzellen (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuronal plasticity (1)
- neuronen-spezifische Enolase (1)
- neuropathy (1)
- neurotrophic factors (1)
- newborn screening (1)
- nicht-Hermitizität (1)
- niedermolekulares Heparin (1)
- nitrosative stress (1)
- non-Hermitian (1)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1)
- non-identical reversible reaction (1)
- non-pollen palynomorphs (1)
- nonlinear regression (1)
- no‐matched templates (1)
- nuclear egress (1)
- nucleophilic substitution (1)
- nursing (1)
- nursing home (1)
- nutrient supply (1)
- observational (1)
- observational study (1)
- olfaction (1)
- olfactory bulb volume (1)
- olfactory lobe (1)
- olfactory sulcus depth (1)
- oligotroph (1)
- ong-chainaliphaticamines (1)
- oral biopharmacy (1)
- oral nutritional supplement (1)
- oral rehydration solution (1)
- organic cation transporter 1 (1)
- organic matter loss (1)
- organic synthesis (1)
- orofacial pain (1)
- orosomucoid (1)
- osmostress protectants (1)
- ossäre Läsion (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- osteosarcoma (1)
- overweight (1)
- oxidation-specific epitopes (1)
- oxidative dysbalance (1)
- oxidative post-translational modifications (1)
- oxylipins (1)
- pacing (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- palaeosol (1)
- pancreatic beta cells (1)
- pancreatic cancer cells (1)
- pancreatitis (1)
- panniculitis (1)
- parenteral nutrition (1)
- parietal lobe (1)
- partial discharge (PD) (1)
- partial mutual information (1)
- partisan preferences (1)
- paternity assignment (1)
- pathogen-specific IgG (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- peat (1)
- peat degradation (1)
- peat extraction (1)
- peatland management (1)
- peatland restoration (1)
- pediatric intestinal failure (1)
- pediatric short bowel syndrome (1)
- pelagites (1)
- peptide sharing (1)
- peptidome (1)
- perception (1)
- percutaneous coronary intervention (1)
- performance (1)
- periodontal therapy (1)
- periodontitis (1)
- periplasm (1)
- perivascular adipose tissue (1)
- personal data (1)
- personal force (1)
- personalised medicine (1)
- perspective taking (1)
- pharmacoepidemiology (1)
- phosphatases (1)
- phosphopeptide enrichment (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- photopharmacology (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- photosynthetic rate (1)
- phototdissociation (1)
- phytoplankton communities (1)
- pig (1)
- pigment composition (1)
- planctomycetes (1)
- plant biodiversity (1)
- plant clonality (1)
- plant-herbivore interaction (1)
- plant–environment interaction (1)
- plant–soil feedback (1)
- plasma sources (1)
- plasma-jet (1)
- plasticity (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet factor 4 (1)
- platelets (1)
- pn: Nikolai Nøjgaard (1)
- pneumococcal colonization (1)
- pneumonia (1)
- podocyte (1)
- pollen (1)
- polyarthritis (1)
- polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- polymicrobial sepsis (1)
- polypharmacology (1)
- polyreactive antibodies (1)
- polyspecificity (1)
- population‐based birth cohort (1)
- portal hypertension (1)
- positron beam (1)
- potential natural vegetation (1)
- power law (1)
- pre-neoplastic lesions (1)
- prediabetes (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictor (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- preoperative anxiety (1)
- preterm birth (1)
- preterm infant (1)
- pretreatment (1)
- prevalence (1)
- primary motor cortex (1)
- process dissociation procedure (1)
- profitability (1)
- prognostic factors (1)
- prognostisch (1)
- prognostische Faktoren (1)
- proprioception (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- proteasome endopeptidase complex (1)
- protection (1)
- protein engineering (1)
- protein production (1)
- protocol (1)
- pseudorabies virus (1)
- psycho-physiological interaction (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- public engagement (1)
- public health (1)
- publication analysis (1)
- pulmonary arterial hypertension (1)
- pulmonary hypertension (1)
- pulmonary vascular resistance (1)
- qRT-PCR (1)
- quadruplex (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality control (1)
- questionnaire development (1)
- quizartinib (1)
- rTMS (1)
- radiation doses (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radicals (1)
- radicular cyst (1)
- radiologie (1)
- randomized controlled trials (1)
- rapid testing (1)
- rare disease (1)
- rat (1)
- reactive nitrogen species (1)
- reappraisal (1)
- recombinant protein (1)
- record linkage (1)
- recovery (1)
- redox (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- redox signaling (1)
- reed beds (1)
- regioselectivity (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory monocytes (1)
- regulatory networks (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative entropy (1)
- renal denervation (1)
- renewable resource (1)
- repair mechanism (1)
- reproductive ecology (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- research funding analysis (1)
- reservoir (1)
- resilience (1)
- resistance detection (1)
- resource availability (1)
- resource competition (1)
- respiratory tract infection (1)
- responders/non-responders (1)
- responsibility (1)
- resting state fMRI (1)
- retinol‐binding protein 4 (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- ring-width (1)
- risk communication (1)
- risk factor progression (1)
- risk perception (1)
- robot therapy (1)
- root system (1)
- round-leaved sundew (1)
- rural regions (1)
- ryanodine receptors (1)
- sample bias (1)
- sarcoma (1)
- scale up for bulk chemical production (1)
- scaling law (1)
- scapholunate instability (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- schlaganfall (1)
- scholarly communication (1)
- schwere Sepsis (1)
- science communication (1)
- scientist (1)
- scrape-off layer (1)
- screening (1)
- screening tool (1)
- sea urchins (1)
- second‐line (1)
- sedge peat (1)
- seed bank (1)
- seed germination (1)
- seed rain (1)
- seedling (1)
- seizure (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semiautomated image analysis (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensorimotor (1)
- septic arthritis (1)
- septischer Schock (1)
- serology (1)
- sex differences (1)
- sex steroids (1)
- shade taking (1)
- shoot nitrogen content (1)
- shotgun-proteomics (1)
- sigma factor σW (1)
- similarity laws (1)
- simulation (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- site selection (1)
- skin cancer (1)
- smallholder (1)
- smoking (1)
- snoRNAs (1)
- so-tDCS (1)
- social anxiety disorder (1)
- social inequality (1)
- socio-economic analyses (1)
- sociology of science (1)
- sodium bituminosulfonate (1)
- soil legacy effects (1)
- soil microbiome (1)
- solid tumor models (1)
- sortase A (1)
- soy isoflavones (1)
- spatial clustering (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial transformation (1)
- species delimitation (1)
- species differences (1)
- species–area relationship (SAR) (1)
- spectral library (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (1)
- spiders (1)
- spine density (1)
- spines (1)
- spirocyclic piperidines (1)
- splenectomy (1)
- stand density (1)
- standard (1)
- staphylococci (1)
- steered molecular dynamics (1)
- stem bark (1)
- stereoselectivity (1)
- stigma (1)
- stomach road (1)
- storage conditions (1)
- stratigraphy (1)
- stress signal (1)
- stressors (1)
- stroke outcome (1)
- stroke rehabilitation (1)
- structure activity (1)
- structure-function relationship (1)
- students (1)
- study design (1)
- städtisch (1)
- sub-inhibitory concentrations (1)
- subintimal (1)
- substituent (1)
- substitution (1)
- sugar conformation (1)
- sugar pucker (1)
- sulfate reducers (1)
- sulfonamides (1)
- sundew (1)
- superantigens (1)
- superior temporal sulcus (1)
- suppression (1)
- surface charge (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface proteins (1)
- survey data (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable agriculture <i>Typha angustifolia</i> (1)
- symmetry (1)
- synthetic heparins (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systemic antibiotics (1)
- tDCS (1)
- talin (1)
- tasks (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature adaptation (1)
- template magnetic resonance images (1)
- temporal variability (1)
- temporal voice area (1)
- temporary wetland (1)
- tetra-nuclear nickel complex (1)
- texture-modified diet (1)
- thatching companies (1)
- therapeutics (1)
- thermal melanisation (1)
- thermography (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- thermotolerance (1)
- thickness loss (1)
- thioglucoside conjugates (1)
- thioureas (1)
- third molar (1)
- three-phase electrochemistry (1)
- thyroid hormone (1)
- time-correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC) (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- titanium alloys (1)
- titanium surface modification (1)
- titin (1)
- tolerance (1)
- tooth color (1)
- topological associating domains (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- torsin (1)
- total hip arthroplasty (1)
- toxicity (1)
- tractography (1)
- training (1)
- trait anxiety (1)
- transaminases (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (1)
- transcriptome profile (1)
- transesophageal echocardiography (1)
- transesterification (1)
- transgenic mouse model (1)
- transient spark (1)
- transition transversion ratio (1)
- translocation (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- transporters (1)
- transstadial persistence (1)
- treatment (1)
- treatment control (1)
- treatment tolerance (1)
- tree growth (1)
- tree-growth (1)
- tree-rings (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- trees (1)
- tree‐ring network (1)
- trifunctionality (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tryptophan metabolites (1)
- tumor cell selectivity (1)
- tumor spheroids (1)
- turbidites (1)
- type 1 diabetes mellitus (1)
- type 2 immunity (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- uncertainty of measurement (1)
- underprovision (1)
- unfraktioniertes Heparin (1)
- ureas (1)
- ustilagic acid (1)
- utilization (1)
- utrophin (1)
- value chain (1)
- varieties of capitalism (1)
- vascular smooth muscle (1)
- venous disease (1)
- virology (1)
- virtual screening (1)
- virus (1)
- virus replication (1)
- viruses (1)
- vitamin K2 (1)
- voxel-based morphometry (1)
- warm pulses (1)
- warning message (1)
- wetland plant (1)
- wetlands (1)
- wettability (1)
- wetted area (1)
- white matter (1)
- white matter integrity (1)
- white rhinos (1)
- white spruce (1)
- whole-cellbiocatalysis (1)
- whole‐body imaging (1)
- wild birds (1)
- wildling (1)
- winter climate (1)
- witch trials (1)
- witchcraft (1)
- wood anatomy (1)
- wood density (1)
- wound healing (1)
- xGND (1)
- xylem anatomy (1)
- zeta potential (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (1)
- Östrogene (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- Überleben (1)
- α1-Adrenergic receptor (1)
- γδ T cells (1)
- σ (1)
- ω-hydroxy fatty acid (1)
Institute
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (29)
- Institut für Biochemie (28)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (25)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (23)
- Institut für Pharmazie (19)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (19)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (18)
- Institut für Community Medicine (17)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (17)
- Institut für Immunologie u. Transfusionsmedizin - Abteilung Immunologie (16)
Publisher
- MDPI (92)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (68)
- Wiley (58)
- SAGE Publications (10)
- S. Karger AG (8)
- Public Library of Science (PLoS) (4)
- Springer Nature (4)
- BioMed Central (BMC) (3)
- De Gruyter (3)
- IOP Publishing (3)
Staphylococcus aureussuperantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogensknown.They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor withmajor histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in Tcell proliferation and massive cytokine release. To date, 26 different SAgs have been described in thespeciesS. aureus; they comprise the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), as well as 25 staphylococcalenterotoxins (SEs) or enterotoxin-like proteins (SEls). SAgs can cause staphylococcal food poisoningand toxic shock syndrome and contribute to the clinical symptoms of staphylococcal infection. Inaddition, there is growing evidence that SAgs are involved in allergic diseases. This review providesan overview on recent epidemiological data on the involvement ofS. aureusSAgs and anti-SAg-IgEin allergy, demonstrating that being sensitized to SEs—in contrast to inhalant allergens—is associatedwith a severe disease course in patients with chronic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by whichSAgs trigger or amplify allergic immune responses, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, wediscuss known and hypothetical pathways by which SAgs can drive an atopic disease
Oral administration of drugs is the most common, convenient, safest and economical route of drug administration. There is lack of established tools to study the function of transporters in the intestinal absorption of drugs. Because of its favorable physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, trospium could be potentially used as a probe substrate to study the function of drug transporters. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the suitability of trospium chloride as a probe drug to study the function of multidrug transporters in the human body. To this end, two randomized, controlled, four-period, cross-over pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of oral and intravenous trospium with co-medication of oral clarithromycin or ranitidine were performed in 24 healthy subjects to mechanistically characterize the role of P-gp, OATP1A2, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2-K in the absorption and disposition of trospium. The contribution of the drug transporters in the absorption and disposition of trospium were examined in isolated systems using in vitro uptake and inhibition assays in transporter transfected human cell lines.
OCT1 (Vmax = 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/min × mg) is a high capacity transporter of trospium compared to OCT2 (Vmax = 0.04 ± 0.01 nmol/min × mg). But the OCT2 (Km = 0.5 ± 0.1 µM) transporter demonstrated a high affinity in the transport of trospium compared to OCT1 (Km = 17.4 ± 2.1 µM). OCT1 genetic alleles *2, *3, *4 and *7 resulted in significant loss of activity and the alleles *5 and *6 caused complete loss of uptake of trospium. The common OCT2 genetic allele Ser270 caused slight but significant increase in activity of OCT2.
Ranitidine inhibits OCT1 (IC50 = 186 ± 25 µM), MATE1 (IC50 = 134 ± 37 µM) and MATE2-K (IC50 = 35 ± 11 µM)-mediated uptake of trospium in vitro. But it is a weak inhibitor of OCT2 transporter (IC50 = 482 ± 105 µM). Using FDA and EMA in vitro to in vivo extrapolation models, ranitidine was predicted to have a potential inhibition effect on intestinal OCT1 ([I]2/IC50 ~40), renal MATE1 ([I]1/IC50 ~0.02) and MATE2-K ([I]1/IC50 ~0.1) transporters in vivo. Clarithromycin was predicted to cause DDI by inhibiting P-gp-mediated efflux of trospium at the intestine ([I]2/IC50 of ~310) and hepatocytes ([I]3/IC50 ~1). Therefore, co-medication of oral clarithromycin was expected to result in an increase in oral absorption and hepatic clearance of trospium but not changes in distribution volume.
In healthy subjects, oral trospium is slowly (MAT ~10 h) and poorly (F ~10 %) absorbed from the jejunum and cecum/ascending colon, widely distributed into the body (Vss = 5 - 6 l/kg) and slowly eliminated (t1/2 = 9 - 10 h) majorly via renal glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (CLR ~500 ml/min). After co-medication of clarithromycin (inhibitor of P-gp), on the contrary to our IVIVE prediction, we found a non-expected but significant expansion of the shallow and deep distribution spaces for trospium by ~27 %. A single dose administration of trospium with co-medication of ranitidine (inhibitor of OCT1) resulted in no effect on the intestinal absorption of trospium. But the renal clearance of trospium decreased slightly (15 %) but significantly.
Intravenously administered trospium (2 mg TC) might be a suitable probe drug to evaluate the effects of a P-gp inhibitor on distribution of a drug. Oral trospium chloride can be selected for DDI studies with new chemical entities (NCE) with predicted inhibitory potential on OCT1 and P-gp and which are available after oral absorption along the small intestine and in the cecum/ascending colon. Another kind of application of trospium chloride might be pharmacogenomics studies in subjects with functionally relevant polymorphisms of P-gp and OCT1 or in patients with suspected transport failure due to intestinal diseases. The function of the efflux transporters MATE1 and MATE2-K in the PTC of the kidneys can be well assessed with the probe drug trospium by measuring its renal clearance.
Background: Stroke patients are at risk of acquiring secondary infections due to stroke-induced immune suppression (SIIS). Immunosuppressive cells comprise myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and immunosuppressive interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing monocytes. MDSCs represent a small but heterogeneous population of monocytic, polymorphonuclear (or granulocytic), and early progenitor cells (“early” MDSC), which can expand extensively in pathophysiological conditions. MDSCs have been shown to exert strong immune-suppressive effects. The role of IL-10-producing immunosuppressive monocytes after stroke has not been investigated, but monocytes are impaired in oxidative burst and downregulate human leukocyte antigen—DR isotype (HLA-DR) on the cell surface.
Objectives: The objective of this work was to investigate the regulation and function of MDSCs as well as the immunosuppressive IL-10-producing monocytes in experimental and human stroke.
Methods: This longitudinal, monocentric, non-interventional prospective explorative study used multicolor flow cytometry to identify MDSC subpopulations and IL-10 expression in monocytes in the peripheral blood of 19 healthy controls and 27 patients on days 1, 3, and 5 post-stroke. Quantification of intracellular STAT3p and Arginase-1 by geometric mean fluorescence intensity was used to assess the functionality of MDSCs. In experimental stroke induced by electrocoagulation in middle-aged mice, monocytic (CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh) and polymorphonuclear (CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow) MDSCs in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results: Compared to the controls, stroke patients showed a relative increase in monocytic MDSCs (percentage of CD11b+ cells) in whole blood without evidence for an altered function. The other MDSC subgroups did not differ from the control. Also, in experimental stroke, monocytic, and in addition, polymorphonuclear MDSCs were increased. The numbers of IL-10-positive monocytes did not differ between the patients and controls. However, we provide a new insight into monocytic function post-stroke since we can report that a differential regulation of HLA-DR and PD-L1 was found depending on the IL-10 production of monocytes. IL-10-positive monocytes are more activated post-stroke, as indicated by their increased HLA-DR expression.
Conclusions: MDSC and IL-10+ monocytes can induce immunosuppression within days after stroke.
Der aktuelle demografische Wandel in Deutschland zeigt eine erhöhte Lebenserwartung und damit einen Anstieg an altersassoziierten Erkrankungen wie dem Schlaganfall. Eine mögliche Folge ist die Armparese, welche eine gravierende Behinderung bei der Ausführung alltäglicher Handlungen darstellt. Dadurch kommt der motorischen Rehabilitation mit dem Ziel der Wiederherstellung der Alltagstauglichkeit eine besonders wichtige Rolle zu.
Unter zahlreichen Therapiekonzepten ist für das Arm-Fähigkeits-Training (AFT), welches einzeln verschiedene sensomotorische Armfähigkeiten anspricht und das motorische Lernen induziert, eine gute Wirksamkeit belegt.
In Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine nicht-invasive Hirnstimulation in Form einer repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (rTMS), genauer der intermittierenden Theta-Burst-Stimulation (iTBS), vorübergehend die lokal kortikale Erregbarkeit des stimulierten Areals erhöhen (Huang et al., 2005) und dadurch gegebenenfalls auch das nachfolgende trainingsinduzierte Lernen beeinflussen kann. Das Wissen über mögliche „Priming“-Effekte von iTBS auf das motorische Lernen bei Gesunden kann helfen, zielgerichtete therapeutische Anwendungen für Patienten nach einem Schlaganfall zu entwickeln.
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es festzustellen, ob das exzitatorische „Priming“ mit iTBS über dem primären motorischen Kortex (M1) oder dem primären somatosensorischen Kortex (S1) unmittelbar vor einer täglichen Trainingseinheit mit AFT (über vier Tage) für den linken Arm bei gesunden rechtshändigen Probanden die sensomotorische Lerndynamik verbessern kann.
Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Training des linken, nicht-dominanten Arms von 18 jungen und gesunden Probanden mithilfe von acht unterschiedlichen motorischen Aufgaben (AFT) einmal pro Tag für insgesamt fünf Tage durchgeführt. Mit Ausnahme des ersten Tages (Baseline) erfolgte das Training nach der Applikation einer exzitatorischen Form der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (iTBS). Die Stimulation wurde je nach randomisierter Gruppenzuordnung entweder über M1 oder S1 rechts oder als Sham-Stimulation, um einen möglichen Placebo-Effekt auszuschließen, über M1 rechts durchgeführt.
Die Hauptkomponentenanalyse der Daten zum motorischen Verhalten ergab acht
unabhängige motorische Komponenten, die den acht trainierten Aufgaben entsprachen. AFT induzierte motorisches Lernen über alle Fähigkeiten hinweg mit einem Generalisationseffekt auf eine nicht-trainierte Aufgabe der Fingergeschicklichkeitm(Nine-Hole-Peg-Test,ccNHPT).
Probanden, die iTBS (entweder über M1 oder S1) erhielten, zeigten im Vergleich zur Sham-Stimulation sowohl eine bessere Leistung bei den AFT-Aufgaben während der Trainingsdauer als auch eine größere Verbesserung der nicht-trainierten Fingergeschicklichkeitsaufgabe (NHPT) für den trainierten linken Arm nach Trainingsende.
Daraus resultiert, dass die exzitatorische repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation in Form von iTBS über M1 oder S1 das motorische Lernen über verschiedene sensomotorische Fähigkeiten hinweg verbessern kann.
Auch wenn die verstärkenden Effekte eines exzitatorischen „Priming“ absolut gesehen klein waren, so geben sie dennoch Grund zur Annahme, dass darin auch ein therapeutisches Potenzial für die Armrehabilitation nach Schlaganfall liegt. Ob das so ist, wäre jedoch mit geeigneten klinischen Studien zu untersuchen.
Die Ergebnisse des Promotionsvorhabens wurden in einer Peer-Review-Zeitschrift publiziert (Platz et al., 2018a).
Abstract
Introduction
Transabdominal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used for the examination of the pancreas in clinical routine. We therefore were interested in the concordance of these two imaging methods for the size measurement of the pancreas and how age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) affect the organ size.
Methods
A total of 342 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania underwent whole‐body MRI and transabdominal US on the same day, and the diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail were measured. The agreement between US and MRI measurements was assessed by Bland and Altman plots. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to compare observers. A multivariable regression model was applied using the independent variables age, gender, and body mass index.
Results
Compared to MRI, abdominal US returned smaller values for each segment of the pancreas, with a high level of inconsistency between these two methods. The mean difference was 0.39, 0.18, and 0.54 cm for the head, body, and tail, respectively. A high interobserver variability was detected for US. Multivariable analysis showed that pancreatic size in all three segments increased with BMI in both genders whereas pancreatic head and tail size decreased with age, an effect more marked in women.
Conclusions
Agreement of pancreatic size measurements is poor between US and MRI. These limitations should be considered when evaluating morphologic features for pathologic conditions or setting limits of normal size. Adjustments for BMI, gender, and age may also be warranted.
Das trockene Auge ist eine häufige multikausale Augenerkrankung, welche nicht selten mit einer erheblichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität einhergeht. Therapie der Wahl ist die Anwendung von Tränensubstitutionspräparaten. Ziel dieser pharmakologischen und zytomorphologischen Untersuchung war die Evaluation der Wirkung und des protektiven Effekts von fünf kommerziellen, auf Hyaluronsäure basierenden Medikamenten und einem Testpräparat an humanen konjunktivalen (Chang) und kornealen (pRSV-T) Epithelzellen. Dafür wurden die Zellen jeder Zelllinie mit einer Zellzahl von 1,5x104 jeweils in einer 96-well-Platte bis zum konfluenten Wachstum inkubiert. Für den Zellversuch wurden die Zellen jeder Vertiefung für 20 Minuten jeweils mit 50μl der zu testenden Proben inkubiert. Als Positivkontrolle wurde das Medium in den Vertiefungen belassen und als Negativkontrolle diente die gleiche Menge an PBS. Die Zellen wurden einem standardisierten Stressfaktor (Luft) für eine der Austrocknungszeiten 0, 15, 30 oder 45 Minuten ausgesetzt. Anschließend erfolgte eine vierstündige Inkubation mit dem Farbstoff alamarBlueR. Aus den mit dem ELISA-Reader gemessenen Absorptionswerten wurde daraufhin die Überlebensrate fur jede Austrocknungszeit ermittelt. Bei dem LIVE/DEADR Viability/ Cytotoxicity Kit wirkte auf die Zellen nach Austrocknung bei Raumtemperatur für 20 Minuten eine Propidium-Jodit-Calcein-Losung ein. Für die Auswertung wurde die Relation von vitalen und avitalen Zellen unter dem Fluoreszenzmikroskop evaluiert. Probe 2 imponierte im zeitlichen Verlauf für beide Zelllinien mit einer sehr geringen Verlustrate vitaler Zellen. Verglichen dazu wies das Testpräparat einen starken Zellzahlabfall auf. Alle weiteren Proben zeigten insgesamt eine gute protektive Wirkung auf die Zellen. Es fiel auf, dass diese umso großer war, je hoher Hyaluronsäure im Präparat konzentriert war. Probe 2 mit 0,3% Hyaluronsäure zeigte die besten Überlebensraten. Über das Testpräparat lassen sich aufgrund fehlender Informationen über dessen pharmakologische Zusammensetzung nur beschrankt Aussagen machen. Sowohl die Chang- als auch die pRSV-T-Zellen zeigten allerdings unter dessen Wirkung nach 20 Minuten Einwirkzeit und nach 0 und 15 Minuten Austrocknung eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Verlustrate, sodass hier ein toxischer Effekt nicht unwahrscheinlich ist. Bei allen untersuchten Proben wurde mit zunehmender Expositionszeit ein Abfall vitaler Zellen verzeichnet. Schlussfolgernd lasst sich sagen, dass Zellkulturverfahren geeignete Methoden sind, um modellhaft den Effekt von ophthalmo-pharmakologischen Zubereitungen für die Augenoberflache zu evaluieren. Grundsätzlich ist eine höhere Konzentration von Hyaluronsäure in Benetzungsmitteln mit einem höheren Austrocknungsschutz und einer antiinflammatorischen Wirkung assoziiert. Auch die Wahl des Puffers spielt eine wichtige Rolle in Bezug auf die Protektion. Für ein optimales Benetzungsmittel kann additiv Natriumchlorid eingesetzt werden. Zellen in vitro reagieren auf verschiedene Expositionen meist wegen der nicht zu simulierenden Barrierefunktion der Augenoberflache deutlich empfindlicher als intaktes Oberflächenepithel, dennoch lassen sich für die klinische Praxis einige Tendenzen ableiten.
National oral health survey on refugees in Germany 2016/2017: caries and subsequent complications
(2020)
Objectives To assess oral health, caries prevalence, and subsequent complications among recently arrived refugees in Germany and to ompare these findings with the German resident population. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 544 refugees aged 3–75+ years; they were examined at ten registration institutions in four federal states in Germany by two calibrated dentists. The refugees were screened for caries (dmft/DMFT) and its complications pufa/PUFA); this data was compared to the resident population via the presentative national oral health surveys). Results The deciduous dentition of the 3-year-old refugees had a mean dmft value of 2.62 ± 3.6 compared with 0.48 dmft in the German resident population, and caries increased to 5.22 ± 3.4 for 6–7-year-olds (Germany: 1.73 dmft). Few refugee children had naturally healthy teeth (7% in 6–7-year-olds, Germany: 56%). In the permanent dentition, the gap in caries prevalence between refugees and the German population decreased with age (35–44-year-olds: 10.55 ± 7.1 DMFT; Germany: 11.2), but refugees exhibited more caries defects (35–44-year-olds DT = 3.13 ± 3.0; Germany: 0.5). German residents had more restorations (35–44-year-olds FT = 4.21 ± 4.6). Regarding complications, the 6–7-year-olds exhibited the highest pufa index (0.86 ± 1.4) which decreased in adolescence (13–17-year-olds, 0.18 ± 0.6) and increased in adults (45–64-year-olds, 0.45 ± 0.8). Conclusion The refugees had high caries experience, often untreated caries teeth and more complications compared with the German resident population, especially in children. Closing this gap by extending preventive systems to the refugees would decrease future treatment needs. Clinical relevance European countries should be prepared for the higher dental treatment needs in recent refugees, especially in
children.
Ausgewählte Lyrik
(2020)
In fixed orthodontic treatments debonding of brackets during treatment is an unpleasant occurrence for the clinician and the patients and resultes in an increase in treatment costs and duration. For Damon Q brackets recycling would considered as an economic saving option which could be done with using of in office methods such as the sandblasting.
A sample of sixty sound bovine first upper central incisers, were collected, cleaned, and mounted in acrylic blocks for shear bond strength testing.
The total sample was equally divided into two main groups. Each group had 30 teeth and 30 brackets.
The first group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Damon Q brackets, the second group had 30 teeth bonded with metal Mini-Mono® brackets.The study included bonding and rebonding experiments. Therefore the same brackets with their same teeth were used in bonding and in the rebonding experiments. The bonding and the rebonding procedures were done with using 3M Unitek etching, Grengloo adhasive, and Ortho solo bonding. In addition the rebonding procedure was done after cleaning the teeth and recycling their brackets with sandblasting. All specimens were recycled 5000 times for the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The first and second debonding forces were done in Newton using a Zwick Roell machine.
After that SBS and SRS were computed in MPa. Furthermore all the teeth, after each debonding, were examined under a digital scanning microscope VHX-5000, 50X magnifying, to performe the ARA and ARI.
The collected data was statistically analyzed for descriptive statistics as well as significance of differences among the different bracket types, and their ARI scores, in the bonding and rebonding experiments.
The results showed that SRS was significantly higher than SBS of both types of the brackets, and Damon Q brackets had higher SBS, and SRS than Mini-Mono® brackets, and there was no correlation between SBS, SRS and their ARI, ARA.
Infections with Helicobacter pylori are a global challenge that affects both developed and developing countries. This infection is currently treated using multiple antimicrobials that are mostly absorbed after oral administration and subsequently secreted into the gastric lumen. The eradication rates from the different therapeutic regimens, however, are declining nowadays, primarily due to high antibiotic resistance and possibly the mode of drug delivery. H. pylori is commonly found adhering to epithelial cells, and therefore, intragastric drug delivery may be a more direct treatment option. In this work, we developed a new strategy for the local eradication of H. pylori within the stomach.
Initial in vitro experiments revealed that penicillin G shows promising antibiotic activity against resistant strains of H. pylori with MIC values of 0.125 µg/mL. To provide luminal concentrations above the MIC for an extended time, we decided to follow two different formulation strategies: effervescent granules and HPMC-based hydrogel matrix tablets. Among the granule formulations, only one batch was stable and demonstrated excellent performance with respect to drug content, effervescent action, and drug release. It was therefore selected for further in vitro studies. All matrix tablets showed the desired tablet quality requirements and drug release was scalable in vitro by the HPMC concentration.
In order to quantify PGS in various formulations and media, an HPLC method was developed and validated. Due to the stability concerns, the degradation behavior of PGS was studied at different pH. PGS was found to be unstable at acidic pH values, but its stability was higher at more neutral pH values. Sufficient stability was exhibited at pH values above pH 4.5. Due to the instability of PGS in acidic media, alkalizers were added to the matrix tablets to prevent the degradation of the drug within the tablet. Among the alkalizers tested, NaHCO3 showed the most promising results as it significantly enhanced the stability within the matrix and also the concentration of PGS in the dissolution media. The stabilizing effect was caused mainly by the modulation of the microenvironmental pH rather than a pH change in the dissolution media. As a result, these matrix tablets were selected for further in vitro characterization.
In order to guide formulation development, a flow-through model (FTM), which was able to simulate various physiological conditions of the gastric environment, was developed and applied. In contrast to compendial dissolution methods, the FTM allowed studying the effect of gastric secretion, mixing and emptying on the gastric concentration of the drug in vitro. It could be shown that the granules generated a high initial concentration, which decreased over time. On the contrary, the matrix tablets did not provide such a profile due to the absence of pressure events in the model. Further investigations of the matrix tablets in a dissolution stress test device revealed faster drug release if pressure events of physiological relevance are simulated.
In the last part of this thesis, the two formulation concepts were compared in vivo by using the salivary tracer technique. For this purpose, caffeine was used as a model drug. The in vivo investigations suggested that granules administered in a fed state demonstrated longer gastric retention than in a fasted state. In a fed state, effervescent granules provided longer gastric retention of caffeine in comparison to the matrix tablets. Interestingly, the administration of the granules together with 240 mL of tap water provided an even better gastric retention of caffeine than the smaller volume (20 mL). Additional MRI investigations after 4 h of tablets’ intake revealed that the matrix tablets were already disintegrated in vivo.
In conclusion, effervescent granules dosed after food are expected to better maintain intragastric drug concentration over an extended period compared to matrix tablets. Moreover, the carbon dioxide generated after disintegration supports the mixing of the drug with the chyme and thus, provides a uniform distribution of the drug. By this, bacterial sanctuary sites within the stomach can be avoided. The major challenge could be the stability of PGS in acidic media. This problem could be addressed via concomitant administration of PPIs. H2 blockers could also be recommended to address nocturnal acid-breakthrough during the mid-night. In combination with an acid-reducing agent, PGS granule formulations alone or part of the treatment regimens could enable the local eradication of H. pylori directly within the stomach.
Abstract
Aims
Pinus uncinata is the major treeline‐forming species in the Pyrenees. Yet, the role of its reproduction and dispersal as drivers of treeline dynamics remains unknown. Here we quantify seed production, dispersal and germination changes along the elevation gradient to assess whether they may constrain the foreseen treeline advance in the Pyrenees.
Location
Central Pyrenees, Catalonia, NE Spain.
Methods
We established four plots along an elevation gradient from the closed subalpine forest to the krummholz zone at five study sites. In each plot, we collected cones from five to six trees, measured their length, and triggered their opening in the laboratory to count the number of empty seeds and the number and weight of full seeds. We used the collected seeds in a germination experiment under controlled conditions in growth chambers. Additionally, we installed seed traps along the forest–alpine grassland transition to measure seed rain for three consecutive years in three of the study sites.
Results
The number of full seeds per cone decreased along the elevation gradient and was correlated with cone length. However, the proportion of full seeds per cone and their weight did not differ between elevation positions. Seed rain decreased drastically with elevation and no seeds arrived into the alpine grassland traps consistently across study years. Although germination success did not significantly differ between elevation provenances (i.e., elevation position of origin), we found significant differences in germination dynamics between study sites and between elevation provenances within sites.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that whereas the viability of Pinus uncinata seeds is not limited by elevation, seed production and dispersal are constraining the ongoing rates of treeline advance in the Pyrenees.
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of push–pull imines by considering cyclic diamino substituent at the C‐centre and fluoroaryl substituent at the N‐centre. This has been achieved by a selective aromatic nucleophilic substitution of different fluoroarenes by N‐H‐substituted N‐heterocyclic imines (NHIs) at ambient conditions without any additional reagent. Solid‐state molecular structure analysis reveals the elongation of the central C–N bond of the imine functionality, which is consistent with the push–pull nature of these imines. The push–pull nature of these imines is further validated by computational studies.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess the implementation of published research, contraindications, and warnings on the prescription of dual renin‐angiotensin‐hormone system (RAS) blockade in ambulatory care in Germany.
Methods
Cohort study based on health claims data of 6.7 million subjects from 2008 to 2015. Yearly prevalence and incidence for dual RAS blockade with (a) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ACEI + ARB) and (b) aliskiren and ACEI or ARB (aliskiren + ACEI/ARB) were calculated. We assessed prescriber specialty and associations between discontinuing dual RAS blockade with specialist (internal medicine, cardiology, nephrology) visits and hospital discharge in the previous year.
Results
A total of 2 984 517 patients were included (age 51.4 ± SD 18.4 y, 48.5% male). Prescription rates for ACEI + ARB decreased from 0.6% (n = 17 907) to 0.4% (n = 12 237) and for aliskiren + ACEI/ARB from 0.23% (n = 6634) to 0.03% (n = 818). Incident prescriptions decreased from 0.23% (n = 6705) to 0.19% (n = 5055) (ACE + ARB) and from 0.1% (n = 2796) to 0.005% (n = 142) (aliskiren + ACE/ARB); 59% of ACEI + ARB and 48% of aliskiren + ACE/ARB combinations were prescribed only by one physician. Of those, 73% (ACEI + ARB) and 58% (aliskiren + ACE/ARB) were primary care providers (PCPs). Discontinuing dual RAS blockade was associated with specialist care and hospital discharge in the previous year (specialist care: RR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6; hospital visit: RR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6).
Conclusions
Our results suggest a delayed uptake of treatment recommendation for ACEI + ARB and a higher impact of Dear Doctor letters addressing PCPs directly compared with published research, contraindications, and warnings. Targeted continuous medical education, practice software alerts, and stronger involvement of pharmacists might improve the implementation of medication safety recommendations in ambulatory care.
Bacillus subtilis has been extensively used as a microbial cell factory for industrial enzymes due to its excellent capacities for protein secretion and large-scale fermentation. This bacterium is also an attractive host for biopharmaceutical production. However, the secretion potential of this organism is not fully utilized yet, mostly due to a limited understanding of critical rearrangements in the membrane proteome upon high-level protein secretion. Recently, it was shown that bottlenecks in heterologous protein secretion can be resolved by genome minimization. Here, we present for the first time absolute membrane protein concentrations of a genome-reduced B. subtilis strain (“midiBacillus”) expressing the immunodominant Staphylococcus aureus antigen A (IsaA). We quantitatively characterize the membrane proteome adaptation of midiBacillus during production stress on the level of molecules per cell for more than 400 membrane proteins, including determination of protein concentrations for ∼61% of the predicted transporters. We demonstrate that ∼30% of proteins with unknown functions display a significant increase in abundance, confirming the crucial role of membrane proteins in vital biological processes. In addition, our results show an increase of proteins dedicated to translational processes in response to IsaA induction. For the first time reported, we provide accumulation rates of a heterologous protein, demonstrating that midiBacillus secretes 2.41 molecules of IsaA per minute. Despite the successful secretion of this protein, it was found that there is still some IsaA accumulation occurring in the cytosol and membrane fraction, leading to a severe secretion stress response, and a clear adjustment of the cell’s array of transporters. This quantitative dataset offers unprecedented insights into bioproduction stress responses in a synthetic microbial cell.
Der Beitrag gibt einen systematischen Überblick zur Netzstabilität im Stromsystem. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der systemischen Darstellung und Beschreibung der Netzstabilität als zentrale Herausforderung für eine sichere und stabile Stromversorgung. Basis für die Betrachtung ist eine sogenannte „Landkarte“. Diese visualisiert die technischen, organisatorischen sowie rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Netzstabilität unterteilt nach Systembilanz und Netzkapazität, wobei hier wiederum zwischen Regelungen, die primär notwendige Investitionen sicherstellen sollen und Ansätzen zur Organisation des Betriebs unterschieden wird. Aufbauend auf der „Landkarte“ werden vier rechtliche Schwerpunktthemen untersucht: (1) Netzbetrieb und Engpassmanagement – zu- und abschaltbare Lasten nach §§ 13 Abs. 6, Abs. 6a EnWG, (2) Netzbetrieb- und Netzkapazität: Flexibilitäten von Letztverbrauchern – Fokus auf § 14a EnWG und (3) Frequenzhaltung – zukünftige Herausforderungen für die Bereitstellung von Momentanreserve sowie (4) neue Lösungsoptionen durch virtuelle Kraftwerke. Die Darstellung wird mit einem Exkurs zur Digitalisierung und der datenrechtlichen Lage in Hinblick auf die Energiewende und die sichere Stromversorgung abgerundet.
In agricultural grasslands, management practice highly determines reproductive success for ground-nesting bird species. The most effective conservation measure is the delay of first mowing dates until broods fledge or bird friendly mowing. Late mowing often implies economical losses for farmers and may increase land use abandonment, which will, in turn, cause habitat deterioration. Thus, grassland bird conservation involves the challenge to protect broods against land use and to promote an appropriate management to sustain habitat quality at the same time. Because of their late and extended breeding season Corncrakes Crex crex are in particular vulnerable to frequent mowing which increases nest destruction, chick mortality and habitat loss.
This thesis aims to gain knowledge on favourable habitat characteristics and brood protection in relation with grassland management to derive implications for the conservation of Corncrake breeding sites in floodplain meadows. Study area is the Lower Oder Valley National Park in northeastern Germany that holds a Corncrake population of 50 to 250 calling males. The study covered two study periods, before (1998-2000) and after (2012-2015) the implementation of new Corncrake conservation measures allowing inferences on the effects of different timing and intensity of mowing for brood protection and habitat conservation.
Breeding was only confirmed on meadows with high forb cover, low sedge cover, low litter heights and a close location to ditches. Radio-tracked females preferred areas with high cover of forbs (> 30%) and a distinct relief heterogeneity, which was associated with increased vegetation diversity. Vegetation characteristics on sites with day calling activity of males showed more similarity with breeding sites than with sites only used for nocturnal calling, supporting the assumption that diurnal calling indicates the occurrence of females. Favoured vegetation structure was best provided by mowing in the preceding year. Low-intensity grazing was less effective in reducing litter and sedge cover, especially when conducted late in the season. In the absence of management, meadows rapidly overgrow and dense litter accumulates from dead plant material in eutrophic floodplains, which increases walking resistance for Corncrakes and may impede prey accessibility. Plant species richness and forb cover declined after land use cessation. Male Corncrakes abandoned calling sites on meadows unmanaged for longer periods.
Besides the availability of suitable nesting sites, food supply and nest predation risk are also related to vegetation structure and may indirectly influence the habitat quality. Faecal samples of Corncrakes consisted mainly of beetles and their larvae, followed by snails, spiders and earthworms. Invertebrate biomass, sampled with pitfall-traps, was twice as high, the numbers of large ground beetles even five times higher on previously unmanaged than on managed meadows. Invertebrate abundance was highest in the first and second years after land use abandonment, but strongly decreased afterwards to a similar level like under annual management. Therefore, unmown refuge strips for Corncrake protection and alternating mowing also enhance invertebrate prey resources in floodplain meadows.
Mammals caused the majority of all observed artificial ground nest predations. Nest predation risk was higher on previously unmanaged than on managed sites. Unmanaged meadows probably attract mammalian predators, because they provide a more favourable vegetation structure for foraging and harbour high numbers of small rodents, increasing also the risk of incidental nest predations. These findings suggest that an annual removal of vegetation, if conducted late in the season to protect grassland birds may reduce predation risk of ground nests in the subsequent year.
Whereas during 1998-2000 half of the study area was managed by the end of July, land use was delayed on meadows occupied by Corncrakes until at least 15 July or 15 August during 2012-2015. On meadows mown between 15 July and 15 August refuge strips were applied. The majority of Corncrake broods were started in the second half of May and mowing postponement until 15 August allows 80% of chicks to fledge without disturbance in the study area. In 65% of broods chicks reach independence (> 14 days old) until 15 July and can be protected by Corncrake friendly mowing because then they are large enough to successfully escape during mowing. Both adults and chicks survived in 10 m wide refuge strips. Because most birds tried to leave the unmown block for the first time when it was up to 30 m wide and only 15 to 30 m wide strips served as temporary habitat for unfledged chicks from mowing to departure, 10 m should be considered as the absolute minimum width for refuge strips.
The strong reduction of land use especially during July should have allowed more chicks to survive until fledging in 2012-2015 than 1998-2000. Besides the protection of nests and higher chick survival, the decline of mowing intensity increased the extent of habitat available for second breeding attempts. In 2012-2015, broods were initiated until late July in the study area. Male Corncrakes showed continuous arrival and departure during the breeding season. Similar departure rates were estimated by a multi-state occupancy model and for radio-tracked males in the same study area and periods, which both left their home ranges spontaneous and due to the impact of mowing. Compared to 1998-2000, total departure of males during June and July was reduced by 50% in 2012-2015, when more calling sites were protected from mowing. Although male Corncrakes show high intra-seasonal dispersal due to their sequential polygamous breeding system, postponed land use should have increased mating opportunities and re-nesting at first breeding sites.
Therefore, future directions of Corncrake conservation in eutrophic floodplains should address the increase of annual late mowing to protect broods and maintain favourable habitat conditions by creating a more flexible mowing regime adjusted to actual occurrence of Corncrakes. This requires expert advice to farmers based on an intense monitoring of calling Corncrakes. Repeated nocturnal surveys during May and June are highly recommended because low detection probability in combination with constant departure substantially underestimated the number of males present. Additionally, diurnal calling activity could improve the identification of breeding sites and timing could be used to estimate chick age in July to select sites for Corncrake friendly mowing. Because currently late mowing dates are unattractive for farmers conservation actions should along with financial compensations for mowing after 15 August promote the utilization of late-cut grass with poor nutrient quality for combustion. Energy production could provide an alternative income for farmers operating in conservation areas with delayed land use dates and will increase their acceptance of Corncrake protection measures.
AbstractFluctuations of electron cyclotron emission (ECE) signals are analyzed for differently heated Wendelstein 7-X plasmas. The fluctuations appear to travel predominantly on flux surfaces and are used as ‘tracers’ in multivariate time series. Different statistical techniques are assessed to reveal the coupling and information entropy-based coupling analysis are conducted. All these techniques provide evidence that the fluctuation analysis allows one to check the consistency of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations. Expanding the suite of techniques applied in fusion data analysis, partial mutual information (PMI) analysis is introduced. PMI generalizes traditional partial correlation (Frenzel and Pompe Phys. Rev. Lett.
99 204101) and also Schreiber’s transfer entropy (Schreiber 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett.
85 461). The main additional capability of PMI is to allow one to discount for specific spurious data. Since PMI analysis allows one to study the effect of common drivers, the influence of the electron cyclotron resonance heating on the mutual dependencies of simultaneous ECE measurements was assessed. Additionally, MHD mode activity was found to be coupled in a limited volume in the plasma core for different plasmas. The study reveals an experimental test for equilibrium calculations and ECE radiation transport.
Für eine intakte Filtration des Blutes sind hochspezialisierte Epithelzellen in den Glomeruli der Nieren, die Podozyten, essentiell. Der Verlust oder die Schädigung dieser postmitotischen Epithelzellen bzw. morphologische Veränderungen der komplex geformten Fortsätze dieser Zellen sind die häufigsten Ursachen für den Verlust der Filtrationsfähigkeit der Nieren. Diese besondere 3D-Morphologie der Podozyten hängt entscheidend vom Aktinzytoskelett und von Aktin-bindenden Proteinen ab. Aus der Literatur weiß man, dass das Aktin-bindende Protein Palladin einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Nukleation bzw. Polymerisation von Aktinfilamenten ausübt und dass Palladin sowohl die Morphologie als auch die Dynamik von Zellen bestimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Rolle von Palladin hinsichtlich der Podozytenmorphologie und -funktion in vitro und in vivo erstmals untersucht.
Mittels in vitro Experimenten an kultivierten Podozyten der Maus konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Knockdown von Palladin zu einer deutlichen Abnahme der Aktinfilamente und kleineren Fokalkontakte führt. Interessanterweise hatte dies aber keinen Einfluss auf die Adhäsionfähigkeit der Podozyten, sogar unter mechanischer Bean¬spruchung. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, dass Palladin einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Expression anderer essentieller Aktin-assoziierter Proteine, wie Synaptopodin und α-Aktinin-4, aufweist.
Dass Palladin eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bildung und Stabilität von Aktinfilamenten spielt, konnte durch die Inkubation von kultivierten Palladin Knockdown-Podozyten mit verschiedenen Inhibitoren der Aktin-Polymerisation gezeigt werden. Die quantitative Auswertung mit Hilfe der Software F_Seg zeigte, dass Palladin Knockdown-Podozyten nach der Inkubation deutlich weniger Aktinfilamente und mehr Aktin-Cluster im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen aufweisen. Der Einsatz eines Migrations-Assays zeigte zudem, dass kultivierte Palladin Knockdown-Podozyten schneller migrieren und vermehrt dynamische Strukturen wie Lamellipodien und sogenannte Ring-Like-Structures (RiLiS) ausbilden.
Um den Einfluss von Palladin auf Podozyten in vivo zu untersuchen, wurden Mäuse generiert, bei denen Palladin spezifisch in den Podozyten ausgeknockt ist. Analysen der Glomeruli-Morphologie dieser Tiere mit Hilfe der Immunfluoreszenz-, Superresolution- und Elektronenmikroskopie (Raster- und Transmissionsmikros-kopie) zeigten eindeutig, dass die glomerulären Kapillaren stark erweitert waren und sich ein stark vergrößerter sub-podozytärer Raum ausgebildet hatte. Ferner waren die für die Filtration des Blutes maßgeblichen Fortsätze der Podozyten stark verbreitert und die Expression des essentiellen Schlitzmembranproteins Nephrin nach dem Knockout von Palladin signifikant reduziert.
Durch den Einsatz eines nephrotoxischen Serums wurde eine Glomerulonephritis induziert, die bei Podozyten-spezifischen Palladin-Knockout Mäusen zu einer stärkeren Schädigung der Glomeruli im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren führte. Dies deutet auf eine essentielle Rolle von Palladin für die Morphologie und Funktion der Filtrationsbarriere hin.
Des Weiteren konnte anhand von Nierenbiopsien nachgewiesen werden, dass die Palladin-Expression bei Patienten, die an einer fokal segmentalen Glomerulosklerose bzw. an der diabetischen Nephropathie erkrankt waren, im Vergleich zu den Kontrollnieren deutlich verringert ist.
Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit, dass Palladin sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Aktin-zytoskelett der Podozyten und somit auf die Funktion dieser hochspezialisierten Epithelzelle hat.