Refine
Year of publication
- 2019 (3) (remove)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (2)
- Article (1)
Language
- English (3) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3)
Keywords
- FCGR polymorphism (1)
- Fc gamma receptor (1)
- Fetal zone steroids (1)
- Hyperoxie (1)
- Immuntherapie (1)
- KIR mismatch (1)
- KIR/HLA mismatch (1)
- Neuroblastom (1)
- Pädiatrische Onkologie (1)
- SNP (1)
Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (3) (remove)
Publisher
Hyperoxia is a well-known cause of cerebral white matter injury in preterm infants with male sex being an independent and critical risk factor for poor neurodevelopmental outcome. We investigated the underlying mechanisms behind such a sex dependent difference in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress severely affects cellular functions related to energy metabolism, stress response, and maturation in male derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) whereas the female cells remain largely unaffected. This impairment of maturation is accompanied by the downregulation of nucleoporin and nuclear lamina proteins. We identify Nup133, which regulates OPC maturation as a major target protein affected by hyperoxia in male cells and that this differential response is mediated by an inverse Nup133 regulation in the male and female cells. It also regulates mitochondrial function and oxidative stress response through its downstream target Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1). Additionally, the presence of 17-β estradiol and higher amounts of fetal zone steroids (precursors for maternal estrogen synthesis during fetal development) confer resistance to the female cells mediated by the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) along with Nup133. Both Nup133 and ERα regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress response by transcriptional regulation of Nrf1. These findings establish prominent sex based differences and the molecular mechanisms involved in differential response of OPCs towards oxidative stress and the important role of Nup133 in mediating a severe negative outcome in the male cells.
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive, poorly immunogenic tumor in childhood. Therapy for high-risk NB remains challenging. Immunotherapy with anti-GD 2 antibody ch14.18/CHO effectively prolongs the survival of NB patients.
Killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch and Fc gamma receptor (FCGR) polymorphisms are reported to affect antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced by monoclonal antibodies. To determine whether FCGR polymorphisms and KIR/HLA mismatch are associated with the survival following ch14.18-based immunotherapy, genotyping methods that allow for genotype determination of FCGR2A, -3A, -3B, KIR2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, and 3DL1 have been established and applied to the analysis of 53 NB patients treated with ch14.18/CHO.
High-affinity polymorphisms of FCGR2A (H131) and FCGR3A (V158) were associated with improved survival. Importantly, patients displaying both the FCGR3A-V158 and FCGR2A-H131 alleles exhibited significantly improved event-free survival. No association was found between KIR/HLA genotypes or FCGR3B alleles and patients’ survival in our patient cohort.
In conclusion, impact of FCGR2A and -3A genotypes in response to ch14.18/CHO immunotherapy in combination with IL2 was demonstrated. FCGR2A and -3A might therefore provide a prognostic marker when conducting ch14.18/CHO-based immunotherapy.