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The effects of causal and self-efficacy beliefs on help-seeking for people with depressive complaints: a quasi-experimental online study
- Background: Only approximately a third of people with depressive symptoms seek professional health care. Furthermore, people labelled as mentally ill may experience stigmatisation, which can impede help-seeking behaviour. Aim: To examine the effects of three vignette-based interventions endorsing biopsychosocial causal beliefs and strengthening self-efficacy on help-seeking intention and behaviour, as well as the predictive values of these variables and previous treatment experience. Method: A quasi-experimental online study utilising a fractioned factorial design was carried out. People were screened for depressive symptoms and their current treatment status. After baseline assessment, they were randomly allocated into one of 24 groups receiving a combination of interventional messages. Actual help-seeking behaviour was measured at follow-ups 3 and 6 months after baseline. Results: Altogether, N = 1,368 participants were included in the final analyses and N = 983 provided data on their help-seeking behaviour within 3 to 6 months after the baseline assessment. The intention to seek help from a general practitioner or a mental health professional was significantly influenced by the interventions. However, help-seeking behaviour was not influenced by the interventions. On a conceptual level, biopsychosocial causal beliefs (β = 0.09–0.23) and self-efficacy to seek help (β = 0.16–0.25) predicted help-seeking intention. There was a negative interaction effect of both self-efficacy beliefs on intention and behaviour, which changed depending on depression severity. In all models, the intention was the main predictor of actual behaviour. Treatment experience predicted both help-seeking intention and behaviour. Conclusion: Biopsychosocial causal beliefs and self-efficacy have a direct effect on help-seeking intention. Interventions should include information on how to actually seek help as a means to strengthen self-efficacy beliefs and simulate previous treatment experience. Further research is needed to investigate the respective interaction effects on intention and behaviour. Clinical Trial Registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00023557, German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023557. Registered 11 December 2020. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111–1264-9954. Registered 16 February 2021.
Author: | Thomas McLaren, Lina-Jolien Peter, Samuel TomczykORCiD, Holger MuehlanORCiD, Georg Schomerus, Silke SchmidtORCiD |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-106554 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232848 |
ISSN: | 1664-0640 |
Parent Title (English): | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A. |
Place of publication: | Lausanne |
Document Type: | Article |
Language: | English |
Date of first Publication: | 2023/11/30 |
Release Date: | 2024/02/19 |
Tag: | causal beliefs; depression; help-seeking intervention; mental health stigmatisation; quasi-experimental online-study; self-efficacy beliefs |
Volume: | 14 |
Article Number: | 1232848 |
Page Number: | 12 |
Faculties: | Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Psychologie |
Collections: | Artikel aus DFG-gefördertem Publikationsfonds |
Licence (German): | Creative Commons - Namensnennung 4.0 International |