Open Access

Objectives: This study investigates the effectiveness of the Cold AP on the alteration of the enamel surface without using acid etchant by using Conventional photo-activated resin bond to bond the orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-five Enamel specimens are prepared from disinfected bovine mandibular incisors are divided into five groups. Group I: brackets are attached on the enamel surface with the standard adhesive technique (etch + primer +bond). Group II: the brackets are attached with the Standard Orthodontic adhesive technique without etching. Group III: the enamel surface is conditioned with pure Argon Cold atmospheric plasma before the application of the primer without using an acid etchant. Group IV: the enamel surface is conditioned with the admixture of Argon Cold atmospheric plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen before the application of the primer without using acid etchant Group V: after the application of Argon Cold atmospheric plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen the surface is rewetted by deionized water before the application of the primer and adhesive. After that, the samples are exposed to thermal cycling. The shear bond strength of the samples is tested by the universal testing machine which measured the maximum force at which the brackets are deboned from the tooth surface at a speed of 1mm/minute is measured. Results: Significant intergroup differences were found. Group V showed the highest shear bond strength followed by Group I, VI, III, II respectively. There isn’t a statistical difference in the values of The Shear bond strength values between Group III and IV. Conclusions: this study implies that Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a safe method to change the chemical surface characteristics of the enamel surface.in addition to the significant importance of plasma treatment followed by water rewetting, which could enhance adhesion between the orthodontic attachments and the enamel layer

Abstract Aim Observational research suggests that periodontitis affects psoriasis. However, observational studies are prone to reverse causation and confounding, which hampers drawing causal conclusions and the effect direction. We applied the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to comprehensively assess the potential bi‐directional association between periodontitis and psoriasis. Materials and Methods We used genetic instruments from the largest available genome‐wide association study of European descent for periodontitis (17,353 cases, 28,210 controls) to investigate the relationship with psoriasis (13,229 cases, 21,543 controls), and vice versa. Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect (CAUSE) estimates and inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) MR analyses were used for the primary analysis. Robust MR approaches were used for sensitivity analyses. Results Both univariable methods, CAUSE and IVW MR analyses, did not reveal any impact of periodontitis on psoriasis (CAUSE odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, p = 1.00; IVW OR = 1.02, p = .6247), or vice versa (CAUSE OR = 1.01, p = .5135; IVW OR = 1.00, p = .7070). The null association was corroborated by pleiotropy‐robust methods with ORs close to 1 and p‐values >.59. Overall, MR analyses did not suggest any effect of periodontitis on psoriasis. Similarly, there was no evidence to support an effect of psoriasis on periodontitis. Conclusions Within the limitations of this MR study, the outcomes supported neither periodontitis affecting psoriasis nor psoriasis affecting periodontitis.

Background Observational and in-vivo research suggested a bidirectional relationship between depression and periodontitis. We estimated the genetic correlation and examined directionality of causation. Methods The study used summary statistics from published genome wide association studies, with sample sizes ranging from 45,563 to 797,563 individuals of European ancestry. We performed linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to estimate global correlation and used Heritability Estimation from Summary Statistics (ρ-HESS) to further examine local genetic correlation. Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian randomization (LHC-MR), Causal Analysis using Summary Effect estimates (CAUSE), and conventional MR approaches assessed bidirectional causation. Results LDSC observed only weak genetic correlation (rg = 0.06, P-Value = 0.619) between depression and periodontitis. Analysis of local genetic correlation using ρ-HESS did not reveal loci of significant local genetic covariance. LHC-MR, CAUSE and conventional MR models provided no support for bidirectional causation between depression and periodontitis, with odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.06 in either direction. Conclusions Results do not support shared heritability or a causal connection between depression and periodontitis.

Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and “precision,” data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface–level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.

The aim of this study has twofold. First, to investigate characteristics of paediatric patients seeking emergency dental care and the according treatment in a specialised dental service. The second aim, to propose a data-based guidance for management of dental emergency in children including pain management without traumatizing the child and with a clear differentiation of dental emergency patients. Records of the demographic and clinical characteristics of 332 children (mean age 8.2 ±4.2 years) who attended the Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry at the University of Greifswald in 2018 without an appointment seeking emergency dental care were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Based on the data a proposal for management of emergency/pain patients was performed. Pain patients were high caries risk children (mean: 4.59 ±3.65 dmft, 1.65 ±2.73 DMFT). The main clinical diagnoses of pain patients in all different age groups were dental caries and caries-related complications such as reversible and irreversible pulpitis or periapical periodontitis (63.6%), while dental trauma contributed (8.4%). In general, the most frequent treatment was extraction (41.0%), most of these extractions needed to be rendered under either nitrous oxide sedation or general anaesthesia (57.3%). This study has shown a clear association between the dental emergency management plan (delay of the dental treatment) and other factors such as, the required treatment (invasive or not invasive) P < 0.05, the need of sedation P < 0.05 and child’s previous dental experience (first visit to the dental clinic) P < 0.001. Most of the extraction procedures were not rendered immediately in the emergency/pain visit, rather they were delayed to be performed in the next treatment session (70%), with the majority of these procedures planned to be rendered under sedation. On the other hand, most of the restorations (65.5%) were performed in the emergency/pain visit, with need of sedation for only (8.3%) of these procedures. In addition, the majority of treatments of children who were visiting the dental clinic for the first time were postponed (71.6%; n=63). The correlation analysis shows a higher tendency to postpone the treatment when the required treatment is invasive, need to be rendered under sedation or when it was the child’s first visit to the dental clinic. These findings indicate the strong impact of child’s cooperation on the emergency management plan. Based on these data the guidance for management of peadiatric dental emergency patients was developed including pain management without causing negative affect of the child’s future cooperation