Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Präventive Zahnmedizin und Kinderzahnheilkunde
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Objectives:
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Cold AP on the alteration of the enamel surface
without using acid etchant by using Conventional photo-activated resin bond to bond the
orthodontic brackets.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty-five Enamel specimens are prepared from disinfected bovine
mandibular incisors are divided into five groups. Group I: brackets are attached on the enamel
surface with the standard adhesive technique (etch + primer +bond). Group II: the brackets are
attached with the Standard Orthodontic adhesive technique without etching. Group III: the
enamel surface is conditioned with pure Argon Cold atmospheric plasma before the application
of the primer without using an acid etchant. Group IV: the enamel surface is conditioned with
the admixture of Argon Cold atmospheric plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen before the application of
the primer without using acid etchant Group V: after the application of Argon Cold atmospheric
plasma with 0.5 % Oxygen the surface is rewetted by deionized water before the application
of the primer and adhesive. After that, the samples are exposed to thermal cycling. The shear
bond strength of the samples is tested by the universal testing machine which measured the
maximum force at which the brackets are deboned from the tooth surface at a speed of
1mm/minute is measured.
Results:
Significant intergroup differences were found. Group V showed the highest shear bond
strength followed by Group I, VI, III, II respectively. There isn’t a statistical difference in the
values of The Shear bond strength values between Group III and IV.
Conclusions:
this study implies that Cold Atmospheric Plasma is a safe method to change the chemical
surface characteristics of the enamel surface.in addition to the significant importance of plasma
treatment followed by water rewetting, which could enhance adhesion between the orthodontic
attachments and the enamel layer
Non-carious dental lesions such as developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and erosive tooth wear (ETW) are the subject of intensive research. This paper aims to give perspectives on both DDE, including dental fluorosis and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and ETW, presenting epidemiological data from the Americas and associated diagnostic aspects. Besides, it is important to present evidence to guide the clinical assessment process, supporting the clinicians’ management decisions towards better oral health of their patients. The overall increase in the worldwide prevalence of non-carious lesions discussed in this this paper may reflect the need of perceptual changes. Although the number of publications related to these conditions has been increasing in the last years, there is still a need for clinical diagnostic and management awareness to include these conditions in routine dental practice. Besides, it is important to provide recommendations for standardized clinical assessment criteria, improving the process and helping clinicians’ adherence. In this sense, this paper discusses the most commonly implemented indices for each condition. Thus, despite the wide range of diagnostic indices, BEWE is proposed to be the index recommended for ETW assessment, Dean or Thylstrup & Fejerskov indices for fluorosis and preferably the EAPD criteria (or modified DDE index) for MIH. Overall, non-carious lesions are a growing concern, and it is important to implement preventive measures that control their severity and progression, and accurate diagnosis by the dental clinician.
Abstract
Aim
Observational research suggests that periodontitis affects psoriasis. However, observational studies are prone to reverse causation and confounding, which hampers drawing causal conclusions and the effect direction. We applied the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to comprehensively assess the potential bi‐directional association between periodontitis and psoriasis.
Materials and Methods
We used genetic instruments from the largest available genome‐wide association study of European descent for periodontitis (17,353 cases, 28,210 controls) to investigate the relationship with psoriasis (13,229 cases, 21,543 controls), and vice versa. Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect (CAUSE) estimates and inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) MR analyses were used for the primary analysis. Robust MR approaches were used for sensitivity analyses.
Results
Both univariable methods, CAUSE and IVW MR analyses, did not reveal any impact of periodontitis on psoriasis (CAUSE odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, p = 1.00; IVW OR = 1.02, p = .6247), or vice versa (CAUSE OR = 1.01, p = .5135; IVW OR = 1.00, p = .7070). The null association was corroborated by pleiotropy‐robust methods with ORs close to 1 and p‐values >.59. Overall, MR analyses did not suggest any effect of periodontitis on psoriasis. Similarly, there was no evidence to support an effect of psoriasis on periodontitis.
Conclusions
Within the limitations of this MR study, the outcomes supported neither periodontitis affecting psoriasis nor psoriasis affecting periodontitis.
In der Vergangenheit wurden bereits kieferorthopädische Größen wie vordere und hintere Zahnbogenbreite oder Zahnbogenlänge hinsichtlich ihrer Veränderungen im Erwachsenenalter untersucht (Humerfelt et Slagsvold, 1972; Bondevik, 1998; Harris et al., 1998; Akgül et Toygar, 2002; Tsiopas et al., 2013; Bondevik, 2015). Ebenso erfolgte ein Vergleich der WALA-FA- Abstände zwischen verschieden Altersgruppen (Gupta et al., 2010; Kong-Zárate et al., 2017). Longitudinale Untersuchungen zu den WALA-FA-Abständen fehlen jedoch im Schrifttum. Somit galt es als Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, mithilfe der SHIP-Studie longitudinale Veränderungen im Erwachsenenalter über einen Zeitraum von 17 Jahren zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren sollten Mittelwerte für die Probanden der Region Vorpommern ermittelt und verschiedene Einflussfaktoren untersucht werden.
Dafür wurden aus der SHIP-Studie 353 Probanden (201 ♀, 152 ♂) ausgewählt, von denen sowohl für SHIP-0 als auch 17 Jahre danach im Rahmen von SHIP-3 Unterkiefermodelle angefertigt wurden. Es erfolgte eine digitale Vermessung der beiden Modelle für jeden Probanden.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigten, dass sich die WALA-FA-Abstände von 35-37 und 46-47 über den Zeitraum von 17 Jahren verkleinerten. Gleichzeitig nahm die hintere Zahnbogenbreite zu. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten dieser beiden Veränderungen lässt auf eine Aufrichtung der Seitenzähne, insbesondere des ersten und zweiten Molaren, schließen. Dadurch kann auf eine Abflachung der Wilson-Kurve geschlossen werden (Marshall et al., 2003; Dindaroğlu et al., 2016). Bereits Dindaroğlu et al. (2016) vermuten in ihren Untersuchungen zur Wilson-Kurve und zum WALA-FA-Abstand, dass die sagittale und transversale Kompensationskurve durch okklusale Attrition beeinflusst werden können. Die Autoren sind der Auffassung, dass die Veränderung der Wilson-Kurve dabei ausgeprägter sei als die der Spee-Kurve, auch wenn die Attrition der Höcker nicht gleichmäßig wäre. Sie vermuten auch, dass eine Kippung der Seitenzähne nach bukkal stattfindet. Demnach könnte eine Änderung der Wilson-Kurve direkt die WALA-FA-Abstände beeinflussen (Dindaroğlu et al., 2016). Diese Vermutungen werden durch die Erkenntnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit bestätigt. Es sollten dennoch weitere longitudinale Studien zur Bestätigung dieses Sachverhalts durchgeführt werden.
Hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren zeigte sich, dass Geschlecht, Körpergröße, Parodontitis-Parameter, kieferorthopädische Parameter und Kauseitenpräferenz die WALA- FA-Abstände beeinflussen können. Dazu sollten jedoch weitere Studien mit entsprechenden Analysemethoden durchgeführt werden, um genauere Angaben zu den Einflussfaktoren zu ermöglichen.
Background
Observational and in-vivo research suggested a bidirectional relationship between depression and periodontitis. We estimated the genetic correlation and examined directionality of causation.
Methods
The study used summary statistics from published genome wide association studies, with sample sizes ranging from 45,563 to 797,563 individuals of European ancestry. We performed linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to estimate global correlation and used Heritability Estimation from Summary Statistics (ρ-HESS) to further examine local genetic correlation. Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian randomization (LHC-MR), Causal Analysis using Summary Effect estimates (CAUSE), and conventional MR approaches assessed bidirectional causation.
Results
LDSC observed only weak genetic correlation (rg = 0.06, P-Value = 0.619) between depression and periodontitis. Analysis of local genetic correlation using ρ-HESS did not reveal loci of significant local genetic covariance. LHC-MR, CAUSE and conventional MR models provided no support for bidirectional causation between depression and periodontitis, with odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.06 in either direction.
Conclusions
Results do not support shared heritability or a causal connection between depression and periodontitis.
(1) Background: In Germany, new recommendations for dental examinations of children and the use of fluorides have been introduced. The pediatrician (PA) should refer the patient to the dentist for dental examinations and check-ups (DEs) from the sixth month of age. Therefore, our aim was to determine with a questionnaire the extent to which PAs find DE useful, make referrals for DE and recommend fluoride. (2) Methods: The nationwide empirical survey was conducted with a self-developed and validated standardized online questionnaire. In addition to personal information, 16 items were collected. Agreement with the items was recorded using Likert scales. The data were primarily analysed descriptively. (3) Results: 696 PAs participated in the survey (age: 51.7 (8.4) years, women/men: 428/286 (61.5/38.5%). A total of 11% of PAs found referral by eruption of first tooth very important (important/neutral/unimportant: 13.8/32/43.2%), compared to 70% for complete deciduous teeth (21.3/7.3/1.4%). A total of 48.8% of PAs always recommended fluoridated toothpaste from the first tooth (often/occasionally/rarely/never: 18.3/7.8/8/17.1%) and 50.6% completely refused to recommend fluoride-free toothpaste (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 9.8/9/14.7/15.9%). A total of 44.8% never recommended the use of fluoridated toothpaste if the child cannot yet spit (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 19.2/13.9/7.8/14.3%). (4) Conclusions: Among PAs, referral to DEs was increasingly implemented as children grew older. Specific fluoride recommendations were accepted.
Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and “precision,” data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface–level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
Primary tooth trauma occurs commonly during the development of motor coordination. Its consequences do not only affect the traumatized primary tooth but may affect the underlying permanent successor as well. Its management may involve very high costs on patients and insurance companies and complicated injuries can have negative effects on the quality of life of preschool children. Investigating the causes and patterns of trauma in primary teeth are highly needed to aim for preventive measures. This retrospective study compared the patterns of dental trauma injuries at the trauma center at Greifswald University/Germany for a recent pediatric cohort (2014-16, 103 children) with a historic one before the German unification and the health care system reformation (1974-1989, n=120). The data contained details on etiology, injury types and treatment delivered for 450 injured teeth (247 historic, 203 recent). In both cohorts, the occurrence was more common in males than females (63%/55%, resp.) with an age peak from 2 to 6 years. Maxillary incisors were most affected (89.6%/88.6%, resp.) and periodontal ligament injuries dominated (77.8%/90.3%, resp.).
Almost half of the injuries occurred at home (46.6%), mostly due to falling (48.5%) or during playing (37.8%) in the recent pediatric cohort which provided better forensic data due to insurance issues and potential concern about child abuse. Advice and follow up was the most common approach in the recent pediatric cohort (76%).
Trauma patterns in the primary dentition seem to be rather universal due to the activities of small children and their anatomic conditions. Trauma to primary dentition occurred mostly at home or in the nurseries and possibly is hard to avoid due to falls or accidents during normal playing. Even after 30 years and a change in the health care system due to German unification, the patterns remain similar.
2
The aim of this study has twofold. First, to investigate characteristics of paediatric patients seeking emergency dental care and the according treatment in a specialised dental service. The second aim, to propose a data-based guidance for management of dental emergency in children including pain management without traumatizing the child and with a clear differentiation of dental emergency patients.
Records of the demographic and clinical characteristics of 332 children (mean age 8.2 ±4.2 years) who attended the Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry at the University of Greifswald in 2018 without an appointment seeking emergency dental care were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Based on the data a proposal for management of emergency/pain patients was performed.
Pain patients were high caries risk children (mean: 4.59 ±3.65 dmft, 1.65 ±2.73 DMFT). The main clinical diagnoses of pain patients in all different age groups were dental caries and caries-related complications such as reversible and irreversible pulpitis or periapical periodontitis (63.6%), while dental trauma contributed (8.4%). In general, the most frequent treatment was extraction (41.0%), most of these extractions needed to be rendered under either nitrous oxide sedation or general anaesthesia (57.3%).
This study has shown a clear association between the dental emergency management plan (delay of the dental treatment) and other factors such as, the required treatment (invasive or not invasive) P < 0.05, the need of sedation P < 0.05 and child’s previous dental experience (first visit to the dental clinic) P < 0.001. Most of the extraction procedures were not rendered immediately in the emergency/pain visit, rather they were delayed to be performed in the next treatment session (70%), with the majority of these procedures planned to be rendered under sedation. On the other hand, most of the restorations (65.5%) were performed in the emergency/pain visit, with need of sedation for only (8.3%) of these procedures. In addition, the majority of treatments of children who were visiting the dental clinic for the first time were postponed (71.6%; n=63). The correlation analysis shows a higher tendency to postpone the treatment when the required treatment is invasive, need to be rendered under sedation or when
it was the child’s first visit to the dental clinic. These findings indicate the strong impact of child’s cooperation on the emergency management plan.
Based on these data the guidance for management of peadiatric dental emergency patients was developed including pain management without causing negative affect of the child’s future cooperation
Potential of nitrous oxide sedation in pedodontics to reduce the need of dental general anesthesia
(2022)
Aim: To investigate the possible reduction of the need for dental general anesthesia (DGA) through nitrous oxide sedation (NOS), when is used in combination with behavior management techniques among patients younger than 12 years of age referred to a specialized pedodontics practice due to the high dental treatment need and poor cooperation level.
Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis was performed of the digital medical records of all children treated under NOS in a specialized pedodontics clinic between 2012 and 2017. The potential reduction of the need for dental general anesthesia was assessed depending on the success rate of NOS on patient-level with relations to multiple related factors such as age, reason of referral and treatment need.
Results: out of 510 patients, 228 meet the inclusion criteria. Nitrous oxide was used in 406 dental treatment sessions on 228 pre-cooperative and/or anxious patients aged 3-12 years (mean 6.4±1.7; 43.4% female). 91.9% of the NOS sessions were successful in achieving the intended dental treatment. Complete oral rehabilitation was possible for 84% of the patients using NOS without the need of DGA. Regarding the age, DGA reduction among pre-school children was lower than in schoolchildren (77.8% and 87.9%, respectively).
Conclusion: A high fraction of anxious or semi-cooperative children with high dental treatment needs can be treated without the use of DGA when a comprehensive concept of caries management is combined with the use of NOS and behavior management techniques. NOS should, therefore, always be considered as an option for dental treatment of semi-cooperative children with high dental treatment needs before making a decision towards DGA.