Doctoral Thesis
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (806) (remove)
Language
- English (806) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (806)
Keywords
- Plasma (27)
- Staphylococcus aureus (27)
- Plasmaphysik (22)
- Biokatalyse (18)
- Proteomics (14)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (14)
- Stellarator (13)
- Massenspektrometrie (12)
- Molekularbiologie (11)
- Proteindesign (11)
- Epidemiologie (10)
- Klimawandel (10)
- Plasmadiagnostik (10)
- Proteomanalyse (10)
- Virologie (10)
- Ökologie (10)
- Enzym (9)
- Simulation (9)
- Atmosphärendruckplasma (8)
- Bacillus subtilis (8)
- Diabetes mellitus (8)
- Fledermäuse (8)
- Modellierung (8)
- Vietnam (8)
- Cluster (7)
- Depression (7)
- Genetik (7)
- Karies (7)
- Komplexes Plasma (7)
- Metabolomics (7)
- Plasmamedizin (7)
- climate change (7)
- Bacillus (6)
- Biocatalysis (6)
- Deutschland (6)
- Fernerkundung (6)
- Geochemie (6)
- Immunologie (6)
- Kaltes Plasma (6)
- Kernfusion (6)
- Moor (6)
- Parodontitis (6)
- Plasmachemie (6)
- Proteom (6)
- Spektroskopie (6)
- Statistik (6)
- Wendelstein 7-X (6)
- Anpassung (5)
- Antikörper (5)
- Bakterien (5)
- Biochemie (5)
- Biotechnologie (5)
- Heubacillus (5)
- Immunsystem (5)
- Ionenfalle (5)
- Jahresring (5)
- Klimaänderung (5)
- Mass spectrometry (5)
- Metallcluster (5)
- Naturschutz (5)
- Niedertemperaturplasma (5)
- Ostsee (5)
- Protein Engineering (5)
- Protein-Engineering (5)
- Proteine (5)
- Rasterkraftmikroskopie (5)
- SHIP (5)
- Schlaganfall (5)
- Zoonose (5)
- dendrochronology (5)
- proteomics (5)
- Adaptation (4)
- Alkohol (4)
- Angst (4)
- Apoptose (4)
- Apoptosis (4)
- Buche (4)
- Dendrochronologie (4)
- Diffusion (4)
- Dissertation (4)
- Divertor (4)
- Enzyme (4)
- Furcht (4)
- Fusion (4)
- Fusionsplasma (4)
- Hochfrequenzplasma (4)
- Holozän (4)
- Impfstoff (4)
- Infektionen (4)
- Interferon (4)
- Makrophage (4)
- Metaproteomics (4)
- Mitochondrium (4)
- Molecular biology (4)
- Morphologie (4)
- Niere (4)
- Oxidativer Stress (4)
- Penningfalle (4)
- Pflanzen (4)
- Phosphorylierung (4)
- Physik (4)
- Pneumokokken (4)
- Polyanion (4)
- Protein engineering (4)
- Prävention (4)
- SNP (4)
- Superantigen (4)
- T-Lymphozyt (4)
- Thermodynamik (4)
- Tourismus (4)
- Vaccine (4)
- Viren (4)
- Virulenz (4)
- dendroecology (4)
- forest ecology (4)
- peatland (4)
- plasma (4)
- plasma medicine (4)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (3)
- Aluminium (3)
- Angstsensitivität (3)
- Arxula adeninivorans (3)
- Aserbaidschan (3)
- Attachmentverlust (3)
- Baltic Sea (3)
- Biodiversität (3)
- Bioinformatics (3)
- Bioinformatik (3)
- Biosphärenreservat (3)
- Biosphärenreservate (3)
- Clusterion (3)
- DNA-Wirkstoff-Interaktion (3)
- DNA-drug interaction (3)
- DNS (3)
- Degradation (3)
- Demenz (3)
- Ecology (3)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial (3)
- Esterasen (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Festkörperphysik (3)
- Flavivirus (3)
- Flugzeitspektrometrie (3)
- Gasentladung (3)
- Germany (3)
- Habitat (3)
- Heparin (3)
- Herzinfarkt (3)
- Identität (3)
- In vitro (3)
- In vivo (3)
- Infektion (3)
- Kernphysik (3)
- Kiefer (3)
- Klima (3)
- LC-MS (3)
- Laser (3)
- Laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz (3)
- Laserspektroskopie (3)
- Lebensmittel (3)
- Lymphozyt (3)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (3)
- Maschinelles Lernen (3)
- Metabolismus (3)
- Metabolom (3)
- Mikrobiologie (3)
- Mikroskopie (3)
- Molybdopterin (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- Motivation (3)
- Neuroimmunologie (3)
- Nucleinsäuren (3)
- Pancreatitis (3)
- Pathogenität (3)
- Penning trap (3)
- Periodontitis (3)
- Phylogenie (3)
- Picea glauca (3)
- Plasma Physics (3)
- Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (3)
- Plasmadynamik (3)
- Plasmarandschicht (3)
- Plastizität (3)
- Polyelektrolyt (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Polysaccharide (3)
- Populationsgenetik (3)
- Proteasom (3)
- Prävalenz (3)
- Quantenoptik (3)
- Remote Sensing (3)
- Rotbuche (3)
- S. aureus (3)
- Schwangerschaft (3)
- Signaltransduktion (3)
- Sondierungstiefe (3)
- Stress (3)
- Struktur (3)
- Thrombozyt (3)
- Thrombozytopenie (3)
- Tokamak (3)
- Tollwut (3)
- Tollwutvirus (3)
- Transaminasen (3)
- Transaminases (3)
- Turbulenz (3)
- Verhaltensforschung (3)
- Virus (3)
- Waldökologie (3)
- Waldökosystem (3)
- Wasserstoffperoxid (3)
- Wundheilung (3)
- Zellkultur (3)
- alcohol (3)
- anxiety sensitivity (3)
- beech (3)
- biocatalysis (3)
- biosphere reserves (3)
- conservation (3)
- depression (3)
- dusty plasma (3)
- fear (3)
- host-pathogen interactions (3)
- infection (3)
- mass separation (3)
- mass spectrometry (3)
- phenotypic plasticity (3)
- plasma diagnostics (3)
- polyanion (3)
- protected areas (3)
- protein engineering (3)
- stellarator (3)
- wood anatomy (3)
- Überwinterung (3)
- ABC-Transporter (2)
- ACT-209905 (2)
- Adaption (2)
- Aeromonas salmonicida (2)
- African swine fever virus (2)
- Afrikanische Schweinepest (2)
- Aging (2)
- Alfvén-Welle (2)
- Algebra (2)
- Algorithmus (2)
- Alkoholkonsum (2)
- Alter (2)
- Altern (2)
- Analytische Chemie (2)
- Anatomie (2)
- Angststörung (2)
- Anion (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (2)
- Antibody response (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Arenaviren (2)
- Arenavirus (2)
- Asymmetric synthesis (2)
- Ausbreitung (2)
- Aviäre Influenza (2)
- Azerbaijan (2)
- BAYES (2)
- Bach Ma Nationalpark (2)
- Bacillus licheniformis (2)
- Bacteroidetes (2)
- Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (2)
- Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (2)
- Baeyer-Villiger-Oxidation (2)
- Barrierenentladung (2)
- Bauchfellentzündung (2)
- Baumgrenze (2)
- Beweidung (2)
- Bicyclus anynana (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Biopharmazie (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Bioökonomie (2)
- Black Sea (2)
- Borneo (2)
- Bundle Gerbes (2)
- Bürgerkrieg (2)
- Calcium (2)
- Cardiolipin (2)
- Caries (2)
- Cedar virus (2)
- Children (2)
- China (2)
- Climate Change (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Clusterphysik (2)
- Cognition (2)
- Colonization (2)
- Computerphysik (2)
- Consumer culture (2)
- Cystic Fibrosis (2)
- Cytokine (2)
- DNA Triplex (2)
- DNA triplex (2)
- Dementia (2)
- Diagnostik (2)
- Dispersal (2)
- Driftwelle (2)
- Durchflusscytometrie (2)
- Dynamik (2)
- Eemian (2)
- Eiche (2)
- Elektrochemie (2)
- Elektrospray-Ionisation (2)
- Emissionsspektroskopie (2)
- Empirische Sozialforschung (2)
- Enantioselektivität (2)
- Entropie (2)
- Entzündung (2)
- Enzymkatalyse (2)
- Ethik (2)
- FT-IR-Spektroskopie (2)
- Fagus sylvatica (2)
- Feldmaus (2)
- Feldversuch (2)
- Festkörper (2)
- Fettleber (2)
- Fledermaus (2)
- Floquet (2)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (2)
- Fragmentation (2)
- Fraktal (2)
- Fullerene (2)
- Funktionalanalysis (2)
- Fusionsreaktor (2)
- GWAS (2)
- Gen (2)
- Genetic (2)
- Genetic diversity (2)
- Genexpression (2)
- Genomik (2)
- Genotyping (2)
- Genotypisierung (2)
- Geophysik (2)
- Geopolymer (2)
- Gerichtete Evolution (2)
- Glutathion (2)
- Grand Societal Challenges (2)
- Graphen (2)
- Grippe (2)
- HEV (2)
- Hanta-Virus (2)
- Hantavirus (2)
- Hefeartige Pilze (2)
- Heißes Plasma (2)
- Hepatitis-E-Virus (2)
- Herpesviren (2)
- Hierarchie (2)
- High throughput screening (2)
- Histologie (2)
- Hitzestress (2)
- Holocene (2)
- Hydroakustik (2)
- Hydrogen peroxide (2)
- Hydroxyl (2)
- Ideologie (2)
- IgE (2)
- Immobilisierung (2)
- Immunantwort (2)
- Immune response (2)
- Immunology (2)
- Immunoproteasome (2)
- Immunsuppression (2)
- Immuntherapie (2)
- Impurities (2)
- Indolochinolin (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Infrarotspektroskopie (2)
- Instabilität (2)
- Insulin (2)
- Internalisierung (2)
- Interozeption (2)
- Junin virus (2)
- Jura (2)
- Kanada (2)
- Kategorientheorie (2)
- Kaukasus (2)
- Kernspintomografie (2)
- Kernstruktur (2)
- Ketoreductase (2)
- Kinder (2)
- Kognition (2)
- Kohlenstoff (2)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (2)
- Kosten (2)
- Krankenversicherung (2)
- Kristallstruktur (2)
- Kuhpocken (2)
- Landwirtschaft (2)
- Lernen (2)
- Leuchtstofflampe (2)
- Leukozyten (2)
- Lipase (2)
- Lipoprotein (2)
- Lipoproteine (2)
- Local adaptation (2)
- Low Temperature Plasma (2)
- MR-ToF MS (2)
- MR-ToF device (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Macrophage (2)
- Magen (2)
- Magnetfeld (2)
- Magnetic Confinement (2)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2)
- Magnetische Rekonnexion (2)
- Magnetohydrodynamik (2)
- Magnetron (2)
- Mathematical Physics (2)
- Maus (2)
- Meeresboden (2)
- Melanom (2)
- Mensch (2)
- Metagenomics (2)
- Metagenomik (2)
- Methan (2)
- Microarray (2)
- Mikroklima (2)
- Mikromorphologie (2)
- Mineralisation (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Molybdenum (2)
- Mongolia (2)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (2)
- Monooxygenasen (2)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (2)
- Morbidität (2)
- Mukoviszidose (2)
- Multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2)
- Mutualismus (2)
- NOD/SCID mouse model (2)
- Nachhaltige Entwicklung (2)
- Nachhaltigkeit (2)
- Naturstoff (2)
- Netzwerk (2)
- Nipah virus (2)
- Nuckelflaschenkaries (2)
- Nuclear Physics (2)
- Oberflächenmodifizierung (2)
- Optomechanik (2)
- Oxidoreduktase (2)
- PDAC (2)
- Paludikultur (2)
- Paläoklima (2)
- Paläoökologie (2)
- Pandemie (2)
- Pankreatitis (2)
- Partei (2)
- Parties (2)
- Pharmakokinetik (2)
- Pharmazeutische Technologie (2)
- Phosphine (2)
- Photosynthese (2)
- Phylogenetik (2)
- Plasma medicine (2)
- Plasma physics (2)
- Plasmaspektroskopie (2)
- Pleistozän (2)
- Politik (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Poloxamer (2)
- Polytrauma (2)
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum (2)
- Pregnancy (2)
- Prostatakarzinom (2)
- Proteinfaltung (2)
- Proteolyse (2)
- Pseudomonas putida (2)
- PspC (2)
- Psychiatrie (2)
- RNS (2)
- Rabies (2)
- Ratte (2)
- Regenbogenforelle (2)
- Regulation (2)
- Rekonstruktion (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Röntgendiffraktometrie (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- SPINK1 (2)
- Schilddrüse (2)
- Schilf (2)
- Schleimpilze (2)
- Schmetterling (2)
- Scots pine (2)
- Screening (2)
- Sekundärelektronen (2)
- Selbstähnlichkeit (2)
- Sequenzanalyse (2)
- Sexuelle Selektion (2)
- Sicherheit (2)
- SigB (2)
- Slime molds (2)
- Slime moulds (2)
- Social Health Insurance (2)
- Sozialstatus (2)
- Spinnen (2)
- Stereoskopie (2)
- Stickstoff (2)
- T cell (2)
- TRP channels (2)
- Tacaribe virus (2)
- Telemedizin (2)
- Theoretische Physik (2)
- Thioredoxine (2)
- Tiermodell (2)
- Titandioxid (2)
- Torf (2)
- Transaminase (2)
- Transcriptomics (2)
- Transkriptomanalyse (2)
- Transmission (2)
- Trauma (2)
- Trypsin (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Ubiquitin (2)
- Ultrastruktur (2)
- Umwelt (2)
- Vegetation (2)
- Vegetation Ecology (2)
- Vegetationsökologie (2)
- Verbreitung (2)
- Verhaltensmodifikation (2)
- Virus-host interaction (2)
- Vogelzug (2)
- Vulnerability (2)
- Vögel (2)
- W7-AS (2)
- Weichselian (2)
- Weißfichte (2)
- Yeast (2)
- Zahnmedizin (2)
- Zahnverlust (2)
- Zahnzahl (2)
- Zebrabärbling (2)
- Zoonoses (2)
- adaptation (2)
- aging (2)
- aldehydes (2)
- algae (2)
- antimicrobial (2)
- atomic clusters (2)
- atomic force microscopy (2)
- bank vole (2)
- barrier discharge (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- boreal forest (2)
- bottleneck (2)
- catalytic activity (2)
- catalytic promiscuity (2)
- climate-growth relationships (2)
- clinical attachment loss (2)
- cross-cultural study (2)
- diclofenac (2)
- ecology (2)
- electrode (2)
- endoscope-assisted (2)
- enzyme (2)
- erosion (2)
- fMRI (2)
- fMRT (2)
- fractal (2)
- gene expression (2)
- general population (2)
- genetic adaptation (2)
- genotyping (2)
- hemifacial spasm (2)
- herpesvirus (2)
- hydrogen peroxide (2)
- identity (2)
- indoloquinoline (2)
- internalization (2)
- interoceptive threat (2)
- laminopathies (2)
- laser spectroscopy (2)
- laser-induced fluorescence (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- metabolism (2)
- metaproteomics (2)
- methane (2)
- miRNS (2)
- microbiome (2)
- monoclonal antibodies (2)
- non-thermal plasma (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- oxidativer Stress (2)
- paludiculture (2)
- photosynthesis (2)
- plasticity (2)
- podocyte (2)
- polysaccharide (2)
- prediction (2)
- prevention (2)
- protein interaction (2)
- proteome (2)
- pseudorabies virus (2)
- psychophysiology (2)
- quadruplex (2)
- regioselectivity (2)
- rewetting (2)
- safety (2)
- salinity (2)
- self-similarity (2)
- sigB (2)
- surface modification (2)
- temperature (2)
- topologische Isolatoren (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- virology (2)
- virulence (2)
- virus (2)
- wound healing (2)
- (generalized) linear mixed model (1)
- (verallgemeinertes) lineares gemischtes Modell (1)
- 0000-0002-3902-0266 (1)
- 1-deoxy sphingolipids (1)
- 129 genetic background (1)
- 16S rRNA Gensequence (1)
- 3-Bis(Silyl Enol Ethers) (1)
- 31P-NMR (1)
- 3D-Rekonstruktion (1)
- 3D-Zellkultur (1)
- 3DM (1)
- 4010153-8 (1)
- 4011404-1 (1)
- 4070512-2 (1)
- 4165547-3 (1)
- 4169246-9 (1)
- 4193016-2 (1)
- 4248339-6 (1)
- 4323543-8 (1)
- 4441960-0 (1)
- 4796824-2 (1)
- 7 beta Hydroxylierung (1)
- 7755384-6 (1)
- <i>Pieris napi<i> (1)
- A20 (1)
- ABC-transporters (1)
- AFLP, microsatellite SSR, ITS, DNA isolation (1)
- AHP (1)
- API Drug synthesis (1)
- ARDS (1)
- ASDEX (1)
- ASEAN (1)
- ASFV (1)
- Ab-initio-Rechnung (1)
- Abbau (1)
- Abflussmenge (1)
- Abregung (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- Acetate (1)
- Acetoin (1)
- Acoustic Backscatter (1)
- Actin (1)
- Actinopterygii (1)
- Acyltransferase (1)
- Acyltransferases (1)
- Adenin-Deaminase (1)
- AdhA (1)
- AdhR (1)
- Adherenc (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhäsine (1)
- Adoleszenz (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Aedes (1)
- Aedes japonicus (1)
- Aerobe Bakterien (1)
- Aeromonas (1)
- Affekt (1)
- African-Canadian literature (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Afrikanische Schweinepest Virus (1)
- Afro-kanadische Literatur (1)
- Agenda 21 (1)
- Aging; Animal Model; Recovery; Pathology; (1)
- Agoraphobie (1)
- Agricultural crop (1)
- Airway inflammation (1)
- Akteurzentrierter Institutionalismus (1)
- Akupunktur (1)
- Alaska (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenases (1)
- Alcohol dependent rats (1)
- Alexithymia (1)
- Alfven (1)
- Alfvén Waves (1)
- Algebra Bundles (1)
- Algebra, Funktionalanalysis (1)
- Algorithm (1)
- Algorithmen (1)
- Algorithmic Cheminformatics (1)
- Alignment <Biochemie> (1)
- Alkaliaktivierung (1)
- Alkoholabhängigkeit (1)
- Alkohole (1)
- Allelotyping (1)
- Allergen (1)
- Allergic diseases (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Allgemeine Mikrobiologie (1)
- Allgemeinkrankenhaus (1)
- Allmenderessourcen (1)
- Alloimmune thrombocytopenia (1)
- Allometrie (1)
- Alternative Translation (1)
- Altersbilder (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Altitudes (1)
- Aluminium Cluster (1)
- Aluminium cluster (1)
- Alzheimerkrankheit (1)
- Amgen Inc. (1)
- Amine (1)
- Amine transaminase, ketoreductase (1)
- Amino Alcohol (1)
- Aminoacylierung (1)
- Aminoalkohol (1)
- Aminogruppe (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Amperometric detection; EstraMonitor (1)
- Amperometrische Detektion; EstraMonitor (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Amylase (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analysemethode (1)
- Angewandte Linguistik (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Animal behavior (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Ankyloglossie (1)
- Annexin A3 (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Annual rings (1)
- Anode (1)
- Anpassungsreaktionen (1)
- Antarktis (1)
- Anthropogener Einfluss (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Anti-adhesive (1)
- Anti-cancer and anti-microbials (1)
- Anti-idiotypic vaccines (1)
- Antibiotikum , Proteom , Clostridium difficile , In vivo , In vitro (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antifungals (1)
- Antigenität (1)
- Antigenpräsentation (1)
- Antikoagulans (1)
- Antikörperantworten (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Antimikrobiel (1)
- Antimykotika (1)
- Antioxidans (1)
- Antiphospholipidsyndrom (1)
- Antiseptikum (1)
- Antiterminator-Proteine (1)
- Antrieb (1)
- Anwendbarkeit (1)
- AnxA1 (1)
- Anxiety sensitivity (1)
- Applied linguistics (1)
- Applying GIS and Remote sensing (1)
- Approximalkaries (1)
- Approximalversiegelung (1)
- Aptazym (1)
- Aquaculture (1)
- Aquakultur (1)
- Aquaporins (1)
- Aquatic Interfaces (1)
- Aquatisches Sediment (1)
- Arbovirus (1)
- ArcT peptidase (1)
- Arginin (1)
- Argininphosphorylierung (1)
- Argon metastables (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Arrowworms (1)
- Art (1)
- Artenschutz (1)
- Artificial nerual networks (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Arxula adeninivoras (1)
- Arylesterase (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Arzneimitteldesign (1)
- Arzneimittelrückstand (1)
- Arzneiverordnung (1)
- Asphyxie (1)
- Associative learning (1)
- Astrophysik (1)
- Astrovirus (1)
- Asymmetrie (1)
- Atemwege (1)
- Atemwegsobstruktion (1)
- Atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- Atmosphärendruckentladung (1)
- Atmung (1)
- Atomemissionsspektroskopie (1)
- Atomspektrum (1)
- Atrial fibrillation (1)
- Auenökosysteme (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsbias (1)
- Auftrittsgröße (1)
- Augenmuskeln (1)
- Aujeszky-Krankheit (1)
- Autoantikörper (1)
- Autonome Erregung (1)
- Autophagie (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Axenization (1)
- Azaphospholderivat (1)
- B cell (1)
- B cells (1)
- B-Cell (1)
- B-Lymphocytes (1)
- B-Lymphozyten (1)
- B-Zelle (1)
- B-Zelle , Fruchtwasser , Schwangerschaft , Frühgeburt , Immunsystem (1)
- B1-a B Cells (1)
- BAM (1)
- BCL11b (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BH3-only proteins (1)
- BVDV (1)
- Bach Ma National Park (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial allergens (1)
- Bacterial cell membrane (1)
- Bacterial cell wall (1)
- Bacterial virulence (1)
- Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (1)
- Baillons Crake (1)
- Bakterielle Infektion (1)
- Bakteriologie (1)
- Bakteriämie (1)
- Balkan (1)
- Ballistik (1)
- Baltic (1)
- Balticidin (1)
- Balz (1)
- Band (1)
- Barium (1)
- Barry (1)
- Barth syndrome, Cardiolipin, tafazzin, cellular proliferation, gene expression (1)
- Bat (1)
- Bat behavior (1)
- Bathymodiolus (1)
- Bathymodiolus symbiosis (1)
- Baumart (1)
- Bayerischer Wald (1)
- Bayes (1)
- Bayes'sche Datenanalyse (1)
- Bayes-Netz (1)
- Bayes-Verfahren (1)
- Bayesian Data Analysis (1)
- Beach ridge (1)
- Beam (1)
- Beckenboden (1)
- Bedrohung (1)
- Behandlung (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Belastungsblutdruck (1)
- Belohnung (1)
- Benthic macrofauna (1)
- Benthic solute reservoirs (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Benzazaphosphole (1)
- Beobachtungsprozess (1)
- Beobachtungsstudie (1)
- Beringung (1)
- Berlin (1)
- Bernoulli convolution (1)
- Bernoulli convolutions (1)
- Bernoulli-Faltungen (1)
- Betriebsanalyse (1)
- Bevölkerung (1)
- Bialgebra (1)
- Biaryle (1)
- Biasing (1)
- Biber (1)
- Bicarbonate (1)
- Bildklassifikation (1)
- Bio (1)
- Bio-Siegel (1)
- Bioakustik (1)
- Biocatalytic alkylation (1)
- Biochemische Analyse (1)
- Bioethics (1)
- Bioethik (1)
- Biogeochemie (1)
- Biogeochemistry (1)
- Biogeografie (1)
- Biokatalyse , Enzym , Alkohol , Amine , Enzymkatalyse , Asymmetrische Katalyse (1)
- Biokatalysis (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biokonversion (1)
- Biologie (1)
- Biologie , Allgemeine Zoologie , Zoologie , Spinnen , Klimaänderung , Genomik , Mikrobiologie , Ökologie (1)
- Biologische Invasion (1)
- Biologische Vielfalt (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biology and Natural Sciences (1)
- Biology, Zoology, Spiders, Genomics, Microbiology, Ecology (1)
- Biomathematik , Bioinformatik (1)
- Biomedical model (1)
- Biomimetic membrane; cold physical plasma;membrane oxidation; lipid bilayer; electrochemistry; mass spectrometry; atomic force microscopy (1)
- Biophysical Parameters (1)
- Biophysikalische Chemie (1)
- Biopsie (1)
- Biopsies (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Biorelevant (1)
- Biosynthesis of bile acids (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotinylierungsansatz (1)
- Bioturbation (1)
- Biozentrismus (1)
- Birds (1)
- Black Canadian (1)
- Blatt bewohnende Pilze (1)
- Blei (1)
- Blut (1)
- Blutspiegel (1)
- Bodenkunde (1)
- Bodennutzung (1)
- Bodentemperatur (1)
- Bodenökologie (1)
- Body composition (1)
- Bogenentladung (1)
- Boltzmann equation (1)
- Bootstrap current (1)
- Bordering (1)
- Borders (1)
- Bornavirus (1)
- Bose-Einstein Kondensation (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensation (1)
- Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (1)
- Bovine TB, neutrophils, immunology, zoonotic TB (1)
- Brackets (1)
- Brain Stimulation (1)
- Brain infection (1)
- Brain stimulation (1)
- Brautgeschenk (1)
- Brennfleck (1)
- Brewster angle microscopy (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Budding (1)
- Bundle gerbe (1)
- Burden (1)
- Burkholderia pseudomallei (1)
- Buscher rules (1)
- Bündelgerbe (1)
- Bürstenpolymere (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- CAD (1)
- CAL-A (1)
- CANDLE (1)
- CAP (1)
- CAZymes (1)
- CD Spektroskopie (1)
- CD-Spektroskopie (1)
- CD44 (1)
- CD56 (1)
- CD83 (1)
- CNS (1)
- CNV (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 dynamics (1)
- CO2-reduction (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CP7_E2alf (1)
- CRF (1)
- CRISPR (1)
- CRISPR/Cas-Methode (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CRM brand Personality (1)
- CRM purchase intention (1)
- CRMP2 (1)
- CT (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Calcium regulation (1)
- Calcium-ATPasen (1)
- Calciumhomöostase (1)
- Caledonian Deformation Front (1)
- Calvatia gigantea (1)
- Campher (1)
- Canadian literature in English (1)
- Candida albicans (1)
- Capripox (1)
- Caprolacton <epsilon-> (1)
- Capsid (1)
- Carbocistein (1)
- Carboxypeptidase (1)
- Carcinus maenas (1)
- Carcinus meanas (1)
- Card-ii-Omics (1)
- Caregiver (1)
- Caribbean region (1)
- Caries infiltration (1)
- Caries prevention (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Caspian Sea (1)
- Causal inference (1)
- Cause Related Marketing (CRM) (1)
- Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (1)
- Cavity-Enhanced-Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Cavity-Ring-Down-Spektroskopie (1)
- Cayman Trog (1)
- Cell aggregation (1)
- Cell culture (1)
- Cell division defect (1)
- Cellular immune response (1)
- Central Europe (1)
- Central carbon metabolism (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Ceratopogonidae (1)
- Cerebral Palsy Kinder (1)
- Chaetognatha (1)
- Changai (1)
- Chaperonin (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Ecology (1)
- Chemical Stability (1)
- Chemische Stabilität (1)
- Chemo-enzymatic synthesis (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Childhood abuse (1)
- Chile (1)
- Chinhydron (1)
- Chiral alcohols (1)
- Chiral amine (1)
- Chiral amines (1)
- Chirale Amine (1)
- Chiroptera (1)
- Chlorella vulgaris (1)
- Chondroitinsulfate (1)
- Chronic illness (1)
- Chronische Krankheiten (1)
- Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- Civil conflicts (1)
- Clade Annotation (1)
- Class-imbalanced Data (1)
- Classical swine fever virus (1)
- Classification (1)
- Claudin-5 (1)
- Clethrionomys glareolus (1)
- ClfA (1)
- Climatic adaptation (1)
- Clinical attachment loss (1)
- Clinical pathway (1)
- Cloning (1)
- Clostridioides difficile (1)
- Cluster Analysis (1)
- Cluster beam (1)
- Cluster charge (1)
- Cluster flow (1)
- Cluster formation (1)
- Co-infections (1)
- Coal mining (1)
- Coatings (1)
- CodY (1)
- Codakia orbicularis (1)
- Cofaktor (1)
- Cognitive Control (1)
- Coil Optimization (1)
- Cold atmospheric plasma (1)
- Cold-shock proteins (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (1)
- Collisions (1)
- Colloidal Probe Technique (1)
- Comic (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Community-based Health Insurance (1)
- Comparative Gene Finding (1)
- Comparative Genomics (1)
- Complex cell cultures (1)
- Complex plasma (1)
- Compound 16 (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Connection length (1)
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor (1)
- Conservation biology (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Convergence of Markov chains (1)
- Convolutional Neural Networks (1)
- Copolymer (1)
- Correlation Analysis (1)
- Corrosion-electrochemical behaviour (1)
- Cortical thickness (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Cost-Effectiveness (1)
- Cost-Utility (1)
- Costing (1)
- Cowpox (1)
- Coxiella burnetii (1)
- Coxsackievirus B3 (1)
- Cross-coupling (1)
- Cuba (1)
- Culicoides (1)
- Cyanbacteria (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- Cyanobakterien (1)
- Cyanonacteria (1)
- Cyclisation (1)
- Cyclohexanon-Monooxygenase (1)
- Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytochrome P-450 (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytometrie (1)
- Cytotoxic (1)
- Cytotoxizität (1)
- Cäsium-137 (1)
- D61Y mutation (1)
- DAOY cell line (1)
- DBD (1)
- DFT (1)
- DIVA-Impfstoff (1)
- DMFS (1)
- DMS (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA polymerase theta (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA-Polymerase theta (1)
- DNA-Reparatur (1)
- DNA-Schädigung (1)
- DNA-Wirkstoff-Struktur (1)
- DNA-drug structure (1)
- DNA-microarray (1)
- DNAzym (1)
- DNAzyme (1)
- Dansgaard-Oeschger Zyklen (1)
- Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles (1)
- Darbellay-Vajda Partitionsregel (1)
- Darstellung (1)
- Data Science (1)
- Database (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- De-Excitation (1)
- Decayed (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (1)
- Dehydrocyclisation (1)
- Dehydroxylierung (1)
- Dekanol (1)
- Dekontamination (1)
- Deletion mutants (1)
- Dementia Care Management (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Demographie (1)
- Demokratie (1)
- Dendritische Zelle (1)
- Dendrochronologie , Moor , Kiefer <Gattung> (1)
- Dengue virus (1)
- Dense Plasmas (1)
- Density (1)
- Dental profiles (1)
- Dental public health (1)
- Destabilisierung (1)
- Detachment (1)
- Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudien (1)
- Dezidua (1)
- Diagenese (1)
- Diagenesis (1)
- Dialyse (1)
- Diamant (1)
- Dichte Plasmen (1)
- Dichtematrix (1)
- Dichteschätzung (1)
- Dichtigkeit (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Dielectric Barrier Discharge (1)
- Dielektrische Entladung (1)
- Differentialgeometrie (1)
- Differentialgleichung (1)
- Digital Ion Trap (1)
- Digitale Ionenfalle (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dilatative Kardiomyopathie (1)
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (1)
- Dimensionsreduktion (1)
- Dinosaurier (1)
- Dioxindolderivat (1)
- Direct Force Measurement (1)
- Dirofilaria (1)
- Dispersionsrelation (1)
- Dissipation (1)
- District magnitude (1)
- Distriktkrankenhaus (1)
- Dithiol (1)
- Divergent response (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Domänen-Wachstum (1)
- Doppler cooling (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Dreams (1)
- Driftwellen (1)
- Drinking patterns (1)
- Dronedarone (1)
- Dual Decomposition (1)
- Dualität (1)
- Duchenne-Syndrom (1)
- Duennschichten (1)
- Dusty Plasma (1)
- Dusty plasma (1)
- Dynamical System (1)
- Dynamische Systeme (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- Dünen (1)
- Dünndarm (1)
- Dünne Schicht (1)
- Dünne Schichten (1)
- Dünnes Plasma (1)
- E-Health (1)
- E. coli (1)
- ECC (1)
- ECM (1)
- ECRH (1)
- EEDF (1)
- EEG (1)
- EEVF (1)
- EKP (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EMDR (1)
- EPR (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- ERS (1)
- EU (1)
- Early Childhood Caries (1)
- Early Modern time (1)
- Early Warning (1)
- Eberswalde (1)
- Ebola virus (1)
- Ebola-Virus (1)
- Echocardiography (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Economics (1)
- Ecophysiology (1)
- Ecosystem Dynamics (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Eddy Kovarianz (1)
- Edelgas (1)
- Eem (1)
- Eem-Interglazial (1)
- Effacement (1)
- Effekt (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Effluent (1)
- Egyptian Rousette Bat (1)
- Eicosanoide (1)
- Eigenwert (1)
- Eintopfreaktion (1)
- Eisenmineralien (1)
- Eisenoxid-Nanopartikels (1)
- Eisflussmodellierung (1)
- Eiszeit (1)
- Elastase inhibitions (1)
- Elastase inhibitor (1)
- Elastase inhibitoren (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elastizitätstheorie (1)
- Electoral systems (1)
- Electric Propulsion (1)
- Electrochemical Stability (1)
- Electrochemie (1)
- Elektrische Polarisation (1)
- Elektrochemische Stabilität (1)
- Elektrochemischer Sensor (1)
- Elektrode (1)
- Elektron (1)
- Elektronegative Plasmen / negative Ionen (1)
- Elektronenbad (1)
- Elektronenemission (1)
- Elektronenparamagnetische Resonanz (1)
- Emery-Dreifuss-Muskeldystrophie (1)
- Emery–Dreifuss-muscular-dystrophy (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission Spectroscopy (1)
- Emitter (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion Regulation (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Emotionsinduktion (1)
- Emotionsregulation (1)
- Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Encephalitis (1)
- End-Stage-Renal-Disease (1)
- Endomyokardbiopsien und Plasma (1)
- Endothel (1)
- Endothelin (1)
- Energiereiches Teilchen (1)
- Enhanced Sampling (1)
- Enterotoxin Gene Cluster (1)
- Enterovirus (1)
- Entladung (1)
- Entomologie (1)
- Entscheidungsprozesse (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Entwicklungsstadium (1)
- Entwicklungsstörung (1)
- Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (1)
- Environmental conditions (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental gradient (1)
- Enzymatic Degradation (1)
- Enzyme Discovery (1)
- Enzyme Engineering (1)
- Enzyme engineering (1)
- Enzyme identification (1)
- Enzymidentifizierung (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epilepsie (1)
- Episodisches Gedächtnis (1)
- Epithel (1)
- Epithelzellen (1)
- Epoxid-Hydrolase (1)
- Erbkrankheit (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Erstickungsangst (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Escape factor (1)
- Established Parties (1)
- Ethylene oligomerisation (1)
- Ethylenoligomerisation (1)
- Eulerian numbers (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europe (1)
- European beech (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Eutrophication (1)
- Evaluierung (1)
- Evolution der Genregulation (1)
- Evolution of Gene Regulation (1)
- Evolutionsbiologie , Tierökologie , Sexuelle Selektion , Sexualverhalten (1)
- Evolutionäre Wirtschaftsgeographie (1)
- ExB-Drift (1)
- ExB-drift (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Exploration (1)
- Expression (1)
- Expressionsdaten (1)
- Extracellular Matrix (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- Exziton (1)
- FCGR polymorphism (1)
- FH plane (1)
- FLEXMAP 3D (1)
- FMDV (1)
- FT-ICR-Spektroskopie (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- FTIR-Spektrometrie (1)
- Fallstudie (1)
- Far (1)
- Fast Particles (1)
- Faulbrut (1)
- Faziesanalyse (1)
- Fc gamma receptor (1)
- Fehlgeburt (1)
- Ferritin (1)
- Fetal zone steroids (1)
- Fettsucht (1)
- Feuchtgebiet (1)
- Feuchtgebiete (1)
- Fibronectin (1)
- Ficus species (1)
- Ficus-Arten (1)
- Fidschi (1)
- Filling (1)
- Filmforschung (1)
- Filoviruses (1)
- Filtration slit (1)
- Finite Systeme (1)
- First Nations (1)
- Fische (1)
- Fischlarven (1)
- Fish (1)
- Fish immunology (1)
- Fish vaccination (1)
- Flavine (1)
- Flavobacteria (1)
- Fledermaus-Influenza A Virus H9N2 (1)
- Fließinjektionsanalyse (1)
- Flight ability (1)
- Flow Cytometry (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flug (1)
- Flughund (1)
- Fluid-Modellierung (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fluorkohlenstoffhaltigen Plasmen (1)
- Fluorocarbon Plasmas (1)
- Fluorose (1)
- Flupirtine (1)
- Flux (1)
- Flüssigkeiten (1)
- FnBPA (1)
- Fock-Raum (1)
- Fomitopsis betulina (1)
- Foraminiferen (1)
- Foreign aid (1)
- Forest dieback (1)
- Fortpflanzung (1)
- Fossilien (1)
- Fossilisation (1)
- Frauenliteratur (1)
- Friedensvertrag (1)
- Friedland clay (1)
- Friedland tons (1)
- Friedlandton (1)
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Insel Riems (1)
- Frühe Neuzeit (1)
- Frühkindliche Karies (1)
- Functional characterization (1)
- Fungal endophytes (1)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (1)
- Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (1)
- Furchtextinktion (1)
- Furchtkonditionierung (1)
- Furunkulose (1)
- Fusion , Plasma , Plasmaphysik (1)
- Fusion plasma (1)
- Fusion plasmas (1)
- Fächerecholot (1)
- Fähigkeitenansatz (1)
- Fällung (1)
- Förderbrunnen (1)
- Füllung (1)
- G4QD (1)
- GAPDH, ALDH (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIS (1)
- GNS-Konstruktion (1)
- GaAs sputtering (1)
- Gammaverteilung (1)
- Ganglidiomab (1)
- Ganzkörper-CT (1)
- Gartenbau (1)
- Gas Cell (1)
- Gaselektronik (1)
- Gasphasenabscheidung (1)
- Gaszelle (1)
- Geburtenintervall (1)
- Gedächtnis (1)
- Gedächtniszelle (1)
- Gefühl (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gelfreie Proteinanalytik (1)
- Gene Structure Prediction (1)
- General Anesthesia (1)
- General Population (1)
- General Stress (1)
- General stress response (1)
- Generelle-Interessen-Skala (1)
- Genethik (1)
- Genetic Evolution (1)
- Genetic testing (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetische Diversität (1)
- Genetische Netzwerke (1)
- Genetische Variabilität (1)
- Genom (1)
- Genome Annotation (1)
- Genomic classification (1)
- Genotyp-Umwelt Interaktion (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Gentechnologie (1)
- Gentest (1)
- Genzentrismus (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geochronologie (1)
- Geodynamik (1)
- Geographie (1)
- Geoinformatik (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Geologie (1)
- Geometric morphometrics (1)
- Geometrie (1)
- Geometry (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geostatistics (1)
- Geostatistik (1)
- Gerontologie (1)
- Geschlechterverhältnis (1)
- Geschmack (1)
- Geschoss (1)
- Gesellschaft für Industrieservice AG (1)
- Gesichtsschädel (1)
- Gesteinskunde (1)
- Gesundheitssystem (1)
- Gesundheitssysteme (1)
- Gesundheitssystementwicklung (1)
- Gesundheitsökonomie (1)
- Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation (1)
- Ghana (1)
- Glaciation (1)
- Glaukom (1)
- Glazial (1)
- Glazitektonik (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Gliederfüßer (1)
- Glimmentladung (1)
- Glimmentladungsspektroskopie (1)
- Global change (1)
- Glomerulus (1)
- Glomus irregulare (1)
- Glutaredoxin (1)
- Glutaredoxin 2 (1)
- Glutaredoxine (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathionperoxidase (1)
- Glycemic control (1)
- Glycoprotein B (1)
- Glykoprotein H (1)
- Glykosaminoglykane (1)
- Glyoxylat (1)
- Glyoxylatzyklus (1)
- Glücksspiel (1)
- Goatpox virus (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Gouldian finch (1)
- Governance (1)
- Gram-positive Bakterien (1)
- Gram-positive bacteria (1)
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1)
- Graph (1)
- Graph Theory (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Graphenzeichnen (1)
- Graphische Darstellung (1)
- Gravity (1)
- Great Caribbean Arc (1)
- Green-Funktion (1)
- Greifvögel (1)
- Grenzwertsatz (1)
- Group (1)
- Großfürstentum Litauen (1)
- Großschutzgebiet (1)
- Grubenwasser (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Grönland (1)
- Grünland (1)
- Guided Streamer (1)
- Gyro-kinetic Theory (1)
- Gyrokinetik (1)
- Gyrus dentatus (1)
- H10N7 (1)
- H4N2 (1)
- H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 (1)
- H9N2 (1)
- HAART (1)
- HIV (1)
- HLW- Endlager (1)
- HLW- repository (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HPMC (1)
- Haloalkan-Dehalogenase (1)
- Halogenase (1)
- Handlungsüberwachung (1)
- Hanoi (1)
- Hansenula polymorpha (1)
- Hantaviren (1)
- Hantaviruses (1)
- Harnsäure (1)
- Haubenmethode (1)
- Hausdorff-Dimension (1)
- Hausratte (1)
- Hausschwein (1)
- Haut (1)
- Health behavior (1)
- Health care system (1)
- Heart (1)
- Heart Failure (1)
- Hearts (1)
- Heat flux (1)
- Heat load (1)
- Heat-flux (1)
- Heatwave (1)
- Hebammen (1)
- Hefe (1)
- Hemagglutinin (1)
- Hemifacial spesm (1)
- Hemispasmus Facialis (1)
- Henipavirus (1)
- Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie (1)
- Hepatitis C virus (1)
- Hepatitis E Virus (1)
- Hepatitis-E-Virus , Polymerase-Kettenreaktion , Microarray , West-Nil-Virus , Flaviviren , RNS-Viren , Genotypisierung (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- Herbivor (1)
- Hereditary chronic pancreatitis (1)
- Heritability (1)
- Heritabilität (1)
- Herpesvirus suis (1)
- Herz (1)
- Herzchirurgie (1)
- Herzen (1)
- Herzinsuffizienz (1)
- Herzstillstand (1)
- Heterocycle synthesis (1)
- Heterocycles (1)
- Heterocyclische Verbindungen (1)
- Heterostrukturen (1)
- Hexenverfolgung (1)
- Hexerei (1)
- High-Dimensional Data (1)
- High-Precision Mass Spectrometry (1)
- High-Temperature (1)
- High-risk clonal lineages (1)
- High-throughput Sequencing (1)
- High-throughput assay (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- High-throughput sequencing (1)
- Highest density regions (1)
- Hippocampal network integrity (1)
- Hippokampus (1)
- Hirninfarkt (1)
- Hirnrinde (1)
- Hirnstimulation (1)
- Hispaniola (1)
- Histidin (1)
- Histidinphosphorylierung (1)
- Histogramm (1)
- Histogramm-Konstruktion (1)
- Histogramme (1)
- Histological examinations (1)
- Histone deacetylase inhibitor (1)
- Hitzeschockproteine (1)
- Hoch Performanz (1)
- Hoch-dimensionale Daten (1)
- Hochdurchsatz (1)
- Hochfrequenzentladung (1)
- Hochfrequenzplasma / Plasmadynamik / Interferometrie / Photodetachment / Sauerstoff Plasma (1)
- Hochland von Tibet (1)
- Hochmoor (1)
- Holocene sediment (1)
- Homing (1)
- Hopf bundle (1)
- Hopf-Algebra (1)
- Hopfbündel (1)
- Horizon 2020 (1)
- Hospitalismus <Hygiene> (1)
- Host Pathogen Interactions (1)
- Host range (1)
- Hot plasma (1)
- Hue (1)
- Human (1)
- Humanbiologie (1)
- Humangenetik (1)
- Hutchinson Operator (1)
- Hutchinson-Operator (1)
- Hy (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hybläisches Bergland (1)
- Hybrid ligand (1)
- Hybride stochastische Modelle (1)
- Hybridität (1)
- Hydrocortison (1)
- Hydrogen sulphide (1)
- Hydrogenphosphate (1)
- Hydrogeologie (1)
- Hydrogeology (1)
- Hydrolasen (1)
- Hydroperoxyl (1)
- Hydrosun (1)
- Hydrothermal vent (1)
- Hydrothermalquelle (1)
- Hydroxylradikale (1)
- Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenasen (1)
- Hypernephrom (1)
- Hyperoxie (1)
- Hyperthyreose (1)
- Hyperventilation (1)
- Hypomineralisation (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- Hämoglobin (1)
- IDD in pregnant women (1)
- IL-10 (1)
- ILC (1)
- IR-TDLAS (1)
- ISOLTRAP (1)
- IVIG (1)
- Ibbenbüren (1)
- Identifikation (1)
- Ideologische Veränderung (1)
- Ideology (1)
- IgG4 (1)
- Illit (1)
- Illit/Smektit (1)
- Illite (1)
- Illumina (1)
- Illumina-Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung (1)
- Image Classification (1)
- Imbalancierte Daten (1)
- Imhoff sedimentation cones (1)
- Immediate and postponed effects (1)
- Immobilization (1)
- Immunbiologie (1)
- Immuncytochemie (1)
- Immune modulation (1)
- Immune system (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunkomplex (1)
- Immunmodulation (1)
- Immunoadsorptionstherapie (1)
- Immunoblot (1)
- Immunogenicity (1)
- Immunoprotemics (1)
- Immunreaktion (1)
- Immunstimulation (1)
- Imunoadsorption therapy (1)
- In situ product recovery (1)
- In vivo-Kompetitionsexperimente (1)
- In-Host Modeling (1)
- In-situ Measurements (1)
- In-situ-Messungen (1)
- In-vitro (1)
- Inanspruchnahme (1)
- Inanspruchnahmemotivation (1)
- Incidental findings (1)
- Increasing vertical dimension (1)
- Indicator Kriging (1)
- Indigenes Wissen (1)
- Indigenous fiction (1)
- Indigenous knowledge (1)
- Indigenous knowledges (1)
- Indikator-Kriging (1)
- Individual phenotype (1)
- Individualization (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Indonesian marine fungi (1)
- Indonesien (1)
- Industrial biocatalysis (1)
- Infinite Dimensional Geometry (1)
- Inflammasome (1)
- Influenza virus (1)
- Influenzaviren (1)
- Information (1)
- Informationsabhängigkeit (1)
- Informationstheorie (1)
- Informationsvisualisierung (1)
- Informeller Sektor (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrarotabsorption (1)
- Inhibition (1)
- Inklusive Politik (1)
- Innate lymphoid cells (1)
- Innere Energie (1)
- Innerwurfvarianz (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Innovationpolitik (1)
- Innovationspolitik (1)
- Insekten (1)
- Inselzelltransplantation (1)
- Institutional Analysis (1)
- Institutionalisierung (1)
- Institutionenökonomie (1)
- Instrumentenentwicklung (1)
- Insulin-like Growth Factor I (1)
- Integer Linear Program (1)
- Integrierte Soziale Sicherung (1)
- Integrin (1)
- Integrin αIIbβ3 (1)
- Integrin αiibβ3 (1)
- Integrins (1)
- Intelligenzminderung (1)
- Interactions (1)
- Interactomes (1)
- Interaktion (1)
- Interaktionsfläche (1)
- Interdentalbürstchen (1)
- Interdentalreinigung (1)
- Interesse (1)
- Interferons (1)
- Interglazial (1)
- Interkulturalität (1)
- Internalisierung <Molekularbiologie> (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Interpretability (1)
- Interpretable Machine Learning (1)
- Interstadial (1)
- Interviews (1)
- Intraklassenkorrelation (1)
- Intrastate conflicts (1)
- Inzucht (1)
- Inzuchtdepression (1)
- Iodine deficiency disorders (1)
- Ion Thruster (1)
- Ion Torrent (1)
- Ion Traps (1)
- Ion thrusters (1)
- Ion traps (1)
- Ionenbeschuss (1)
- Ionenfallen (1)
- Ionenstrahlfalle (1)
- Ionentriebwerk (1)
- Ionthruster (1)
- Irbesartan (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irland (1)
- Iron limitation (1)
- Ischämie (1)
- Ischämie-Reperfusions-Schaden (1)
- Ischämischer Insult (1)
- IsdB (1)
- Islets of Langerhans (1)
- Isoflavone (1)
- Isomer (1)
- Isomerisierungsreaktion (1)
- Isopropylamine (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isotop (1)
- Isotopenmarkierung (1)
- Ispra / Space Applications I (1)
- Ispra / Space Applications Institute (1)
- Iterated Function System (1)
- Iteriertes Funktionensystem (1)
- JSNZ (1)
- Jamaika (1)
- Jasmund (1)
- Juniperus communis (1)
- Junín virus (1)
- KHV (1)
- KIR mismatch (1)
- KIR/HLA mismatch (1)
- KMT2A-rearranged AML (1)
- Kalorimetrie (1)
- Kaltzeit (1)
- Kalziumsignale (1)
- Kaninchen (1)
- Kannenpflanze (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (1)
- Karibik (1)
- Karibik <Nordwest> (1)
- Karibische Flutbasaltprovinz (1)
- Kariesinfiltration (1)
- Kariesinzidenz (1)
- Kariesprävention (1)
- Kaskade (1)
- Kaspisches Meer (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Keeling Analysis (1)
- Keratinozyt (1)
- Kerivoula (1)
- Kernhülle (1)
- Kernspintomographie (1)
- Ketamin (1)
- Ketene (1)
- Ketoreduktase (1)
- Keuschheitsgürtel (1)
- Kieferorthopädie (1)
- Kinderheilkunde (1)
- Kinderzahnheilkunde (1)
- Kinetic Transport Theory (1)
- Kinetic simulation (1)
- Kinetische Energie (1)
- Kinetische Gastheorie (1)
- Kinetische Theorie (1)
- Kinetische Transporttheorie (1)
- Kleine Hufeisennase (1)
- Kleinkinder (1)
- Klimaanpassung (1)
- Klimaschutz (1)
- Klinische Pharmakologie (1)
- Klinische Psychologie (1)
- Klinischer Behandlungspfad (1)
- Klinisches Experimen (1)
- Klonales Wachstum (1)
- Kluster-Kriging (1)
- Knochenverlust (1)
- Kognitive Kontrolle (1)
- Kohle (1)
- Kohlenbergwerk (1)
- Kohlendioxid (1)
- Koi (1)
- Kolonisierung (1)
- Kommensale (1)
- Kompetenz (1)
- Komplement (1)
- Komponentenanalyse (1)
- Kompression (1)
- Konditionierung (1)
- Kondo effect (1)
- Konfliktregelung (1)
- Konformation (1)
- Konformationsänderungen (1)
- Kongestive Herzmuskelkrankheit (1)
- Konsumentenkultur; Anticipated regret; Variety-seeking; Quality-consciousness; Deutschland; Iran (1)
- Kontaktmodell (1)
- Kontaktwinkel (1)
- Kontraktion (1)
- Kontrolle (1)
- Korrespondenzprinzip (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Korrosionselektrochemische Verhalten (1)
- Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse (1)
- Kostenanalyse (1)
- Kotensorfunktor (1)
- Kraftmikroskopie (1)
- Krankenhausmangement (1)
- Krankenpfleger (1)
- Krankenschwester (1)
- Krankheiten (1)
- Krankheitskosten (1)
- Kriging (1)
- Krisenmanagement (1)
- Kuba (1)
- Kultivierung (1)
- Kulturbedingungen (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Kv7.2/7.3 (1)
- Kältestress (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität , Sitzen , Prävention , Fitness , Metabolisches Syndrom , Reaktivität , Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit , Messung (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- LAVH (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCA (1)
- LE/LC phase transition (1)
- LMP2 (1)
- LMP7 (1)
- LPJ (1)
- LSR (1)
- Labelingproblem (1)
- Labor market intermediary (1)
- Laboratory experiment (1)
- Laborexperiment (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lackporlinge (1)
- Ladungsdichtewelle (1)
- Ladungstransfer (1)
- Lagrangian Relaxation (1)
- Lake-level variation (1)
- Lakustrisches Sediment (1)
- Laminopathie (1)
- Land cover change (1)
- Land mapping unit (1)
- Land potential productivity assessment (1)
- Land suitability evaluation (1)
- Landbedeckungsänderung (1)
- Landeignungsbewertung (1)
- Lander Experiment (1)
- Landformanalyse (1)
- Landkartierungseinheit (1)
- Landpotenzialproduktivität (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Landscape Ecology (1)
- Landscape Metrics (1)
- Landscape Monitoring (1)
- Landschaftsdynamik (1)
- Landschaftsmonitoring (1)
- Landschaftsstruktur (1)
- Landschaftsstrukturanalyse (1)
- Landschaftsökologie (1)
- Landslide hazard assessment (1)
- Langerhans-Inseln (1)
- Langmuir Monolayers (1)
- Langmuir-Sonde (1)
- Larvalentwicklung (1)
- Laser Line Scanning (1)
- Laser spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-Cluster-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Laser-cluster interaction (1)
- Laser-induced fluoresence (LIF) (1)
- Laserheizung (1)
- Latent Structure (1)
- Latenz (1)
- Laurence Sterne (1)
- Learning (1)
- Least-squares method (1)
- Lebendmarker-Vakzine (1)
- Lebendzellmikroskopie (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Lebensgeschichte (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Lebensraum (1)
- Lebenswissenschaften (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Legionellen (1)
- Leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Leptospira spp. (1)
- Leptospiren (1)
- Level-Set-Methode (1)
- Lichtscheibenmikroskopie (1)
- Life Cycle Assessment (1)
- Life sciences (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Light (1)
- Likelihood-Quotienten-Test (1)
- Limnologie (1)
- Linear Elasticity (1)
- Linker (1)
- Liparische Inseln (1)
- Lipid Modification (1)
- Lipid monolayers (1)
- Lipid-Monoschichten (1)
- Lipid-Oxidation (1)
- Lipoproteins (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Listeria monocytogenes (1)
- Litauen (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Literaturwissenschaft (1)
- Literaturwissenschaften (1)
- Lithofazies (1)
- Lithuania (1)
- LiveCity (1)
- Lloviu virus (1)
- Logistische Regression (1)
- Lord's Resistance Army (1)
- Low temperature plasma (1)
- Low-value medication (1)
- Luftgewehr (1)
- Luftleuchten (1)
- Luftröhre (1)
- Lumineszenz-Datierung (1)
- Lumpy Skin Disease virus (1)
- Lung epithelium (1)
- Lunge (1)
- Lungenfunktion (1)
- Lungenvolumen (1)
- Lycaena tityrus (1)
- Lymphocyte (1)
- Lyssaviren (1)
- Lyssavirus (1)
- Längsschnittuntersuchung (1)
- Lévy processes (1)
- Lévy-Prozess (1)
- Lévy-prozess (1)
- Löslichkeit (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- MAB (1)
- MALDI-MS (1)
- MCMC (1)
- MECL-1 (1)
- MHI (1)
- MICAL (1)
- MIH (1)
- MIR-Spektroskopie (1)
- MRI (1)
- MRP3 (1)
- MRSA (1)
- MS (1)
- MSCRAMMS (1)
- MX80-bentonit (1)
- MX80-bentonite (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Machtteilungsregierungen (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Madagaskar (1)
- Magen-Darm-Trakt (1)
- Magnetfelddiagnostik (1)
- Magnetic edge properties (1)
- Magnetic field diagnostics (1)
- Magnetic fields (1)
- Magnetic reconnection (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Magnetische Rekonnektion (1)
- Magnetischer Einschluss (1)
- Magnetischer Sensor (1)
- Magnetismus (1)
- Magnetized (1)
- Magnetresonanzbilder (1)
- Magnetron sputtering (1)
- Majoritarian electoral systems (1)
- Management (1)
- Mangan (1)
- Manifestos (1)
- MarR-type regulator (1)
- Marine Habitat Mapping (1)
- Marine Habitatkartierung (1)
- Markierungswiederherstellung (1)
- Markov-Kette (1)
- Martin Rowson (1)
- Mas Rezeptor (1)
- Mas receptor (1)
- Mass Specrtometry (1)
- Master-Gleichung (1)
- Mathematical Phylogenetic (1)
- Mathematical Phylogenetics (1)
- Mathematical modeling (1)
- Mathematik (1)
- Mathematische Modellierung (1)
- Mathematische Phylogenetik (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Maßanalyse (1)
- Mechanik (1)
- Mediation (1)
- Medically unknown symptoms (1)
- Mediterran (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Medizinethik (1)
- Medizinische Mikrobiologie (1)
- Medizinoekonomie (1)
- Meerespilze (1)
- Meeresspiegel (1)
- Mehrfach negativ geladene (1)
- Mehrheitswahl (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Melanoma (1)
- Melioidosis (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Membranfusion (1)
- Membranproteine (1)
- Memory T cell (1)
- Memory function (1)
- Menschen mit Demenz (1)
- Mergers and Acquisitions (1)
- Metabarcoding (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolome (1)
- Metabolomik (1)
- Metall-Isolator-Phasenumwandlung (1)
- Metallkomplexe (1)
- Metallomics (1)
- Meteorologische Messung (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylierung (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- Mice (1)
- Microarrays (1)
- Microbial ecology (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Micromorphology (1)
- Microsatellites (1)
- Microtus (1)
- Microvascular decompression (1)
- Microwave interferometry / Electron density / Laserphotodetachment (1)
- Mid-IR absorption spectroscopy (1)
- Midwives (1)
- Migrant labor regime (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Mikrobiom (1)
- Mikrofluidik , Mechanik , Zelle , Holographie , Hologramm , Deformation , Biomedizin , Bluttransfusion , Cytometrie , Viskoelastizität (1)
- Mikrosatelliten (1)
- Mikrostandort (1)
- Mikrostruktur (1)
- Mikrostrukturelle Analyse (1)
- Milchzahn (1)
- Mine drainage (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Minigenome system (1)
- Minimal adhesive restorations (1)
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries (1)
- Minkowski-Metrik (1)
- Misserfolg (1)
- Missing and filled teeth index (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Mixed electoral systems (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- MoCo (1)
- Model Membranes (1)
- Model selection (1)
- Modeling Infection (1)
- Modeling Tryptophan-Metabolism (1)
- Modeling in Pigs (1)
- Modeling of Infectious Diseases (1)
- Modeling of immune response (1)
- Modeling of infectious diseases (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellbildung (1)
- Modelle der Verhaltensänderung (1)
- Modellierung , Hepatitis-C-Virus , Denguefieber , Enteroviren , Infektionskrankheit , Immunreaktion , Mathematische Modellierung , Viren (1)
- Moden (1)
- Modendynamik (1)
- Modenübergang (1)
- Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (1)
- Moldawien (1)
- Moldova (1)
- Molecular Kinetics (1)
- Molecular Modeling (1)
- Molecular Modelling (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Molekularbiologie, Genotypisierung, Genetische Diversität (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Molekülkinetik (1)
- Mollusca (1)
- Molybdenum Cofactor (1)
- Molybdenum mediated pentathiepin synthesis (1)
- Molybdän (1)
- Mongolei (1)
- Mongolischer Altai (1)
- Monitoring IDD (1)
- Monoidale Kategorie (1)
- Monopolisierung (1)
- Monoschicht (1)
- Monozyt (1)
- Moore (1)
- Morphometrie (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mortalität (1)
- Movement (1)
- Mt. Simon Sandstone (1)
- MuRF (1)
- Multi-omics (1)
- Multibeam Echosounder (1)
- Multimodel inference (1)
- Multimorbidität (1)
- Multinationales Unternehmen (1)
- Multiple Sklerose (1)
- Multischicht (1)
- Murine (1)
- Muschelkrebse (1)
- Muscle-Specific RING finger protein (1)
- Muskelkrankheit (1)
- Mustererkennung (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Mutational analysis (1)
- Mycobacterium neoaurum (1)
- Mycobiome (1)
- Mykose (1)
- Myodes glareolus (1)
- Myogenese (1)
- Myotis bechsteinii (1)
- Myotis daubentonii (1)
- Myotis nattereri (1)
- Myricaria germanica (1)
- Myxomycete (1)
- Männliche Sexualpheromone (1)
- Mäuse (1)
- N-Acyl-L-Homoserinlakton (1)
- NADPH oxidase (1)
- NBI (1)
- NF-kappaB Signalweg (1)
- NF-kappaB pathway (1)
- NFκB (1)
- NGS (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR-Tomographie (1)
- NOD Maus (1)
- NOD mouse (1)
- NP-completeness (1)
- NS1 (1)
- NSs protein (1)
- NXF1 (1)
- Nachkomme (1)
- Nachkriegszeit (1)
- Nachstellungsszenarien (1)
- Nachtluftleuchten (1)
- Nadelbaum (1)
- Nagel <Anatomie> (1)
- Nagetiere (1)
- Nam Dinh Gebiet (1)
- Nam Dinh area (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanokompositschichten (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanoplasmamodell (1)
- Narkose (1)
- Nashörner (1)
- Nationale Minderheit (1)
- Nationalpark (1)
- Natural host (1)
- Naturschutzgebiete (1)
- Negative ion (1)
- Neoclassical transport (1)
- Nepenthes (1)
- Nephrologie (1)
- Nervendegeneration (1)
- Nervensystem (1)
- Network (1)
- Netz (1)
- Neue Medien (1)
- Neukaledonien (1)
- Neurobiologie (1)
- Neurobiology (1)
- Neuroblastom (1)
- Neuroblastoma (1)
- Neurochirurgie (1)
- Neurogenese (1)
- Neurologie (1)
- Neuron (1)
- Neuroradiologie (1)
- Neurorehabilitation; Schlaganfall; Alterung; Tiermodell (1)
- Neutral Beam Injection (1)
- Neutralisation (1)
- Neutralization (1)
- Neutrino (1)
- Neutronenbeugung (1)
- Neutronenstern (1)
- Neutrophiler Granulozyt (1)
- New Parties (1)
- New Zealand coals (1)
- Next-Generation Sequencing (1)
- Nicht-Schädigung (1)
- Nichtalkoholische Fettleberhepatitis (1)
- Nichtgleichgewicht (1)
- Nichtlineare Dynamik (1)
- Nichtlineares dynamisches System (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel catalysts (1)
- Nickelkatalysator (1)
- Niederdruckplasma (1)
- Niedertemperatur-Plasma (1)
- Nightmares (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (1)
- Non-thermal plasma (1)
- Nord Jasmund Fault (1)
- Nordamerika (1)
- Nordatlantik-Oszillation (1)
- Nordsee (1)
- Nordsee <Süd> (1)
- Nordvietnam (1)
- Normierung (1)
- Norms (1)
- North Atlantic Oscillation (1)
- North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (1)
- Northesstern Iibetan Plateau (1)
- Notarzt (1)
- Notfall (1)
- Notfallmedizin (1)
- Nuclear Structure (1)
- Nuclear export (1)
- Nuclear fusion (1)
- Nucleoprotein (1)
- Nucleoside modification and labeling (1)
- Nukleocapsid (1)
- Nukleosynthese (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nutzen (1)
- Nutzwälder (1)
- OAT Reaction (1)
- OCT1 (1)
- ODEs (1)
- OMV (1)
- OSL (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächendatierung (1)
- Oberflächenkräfte (1)
- Oberflächenladungen (1)
- Oberflächenplasmonresonanz (1)
- Oberflächenstöße (1)
- Objekterkennung (1)
- Objektivität (1)
- Offspring overweight (1)
- Okklusionsstörung (1)
- OleP (1)
- Oligomerisation (1)
- Oligonukleotid Konjugate (1)
- Onkologie (1)
- Operante Konditionierung (1)
- Operation (1)
- Optimal Control (1)
- Optimale Kontrolle (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optisch active Dithiolene (1)
- Optische Fernerkundung (1)
- Optisches Messgerät (1)
- Optokinetischer Nystagmus (1)
- Oral Health promotion (1)
- Oral Vaccine (1)
- Oral health (1)
- Oral health, Cerebral palsy, Children, Prevention (1)
- Oral vaccine (1)
- Orale Gesundheit (1)
- Orbital , Verletzung , Trauma , Computertomografie , Bruch , Sehnerv (1)
- Organic Matter (1)
- Organischer Kationentransporter (1)
- Organischer Stoff (1)
- Organisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- Organversagen (1)
- Oribatiden (1)
- Oriente (1)
- Ornithochorie (1)
- Ornithochory (1)
- Orthobunyaviren (1)
- Osmoregulation (1)
- Osmostress (1)
- Osteoporose (1)
- Ostseeküste (Südwest) (1)
- Ostseeraum (1)
- Outbreak (1)
- Outbreak Preparedness (1)
- Outcomes (1)
- Outlier Detection (1)
- Outlier-Erkennung (1)
- Oxidation potential (1)
- Oxidative Stress (1)
- Oxidoreductase (1)
- Oxidoreductasen (1)
- Oxidoreductases (1)
- Oxidoreduktasen (1)
- Oxocarbonsäureester (1)
- P-Arylation (1)
- P-Glykoprotein (1)
- P3M (1)
- P450 (1)
- PCV13 (1)
- PCV7 (1)
- PDADMA (1)
- PDE (1)
- PDF (1)
- PEI,PDADMA,PSS,surface forces,atomic force microscopy, colloidal probe (1)
- PET (1)
- PET Hydrolases (1)
- PIC (1)
- PLK1 (1)
- PRAAS (1)
- PSMB8 (1)
- PSMC5 (1)
- PSS (1)
- Palermo Berge (1)
- Palermo Mountains (1)
- Palladin (1)
- Paläontologie (1)
- Paläoozeanographie (1)
- Pan-lipoproteome analysis (1)
- Pancreatic Beta-Cell (1)
- Panik (1)
- Panikstörung (1)
- Paniksyndrom (1)
- Pantelleria (1)
- Panton-Valentin-Leukozidin (1)
- Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (1)
- Parallelstrom (1)
- Parteien (1)
- Partial migration (1)
- Particle flux (1)
- Particle in Cell Simulation (1)
- Particle-in-Cell (1)
- Particle-in-cell (1)
- Partnerwahl (1)
- Party Competition (1)
- Passivierung (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathologie; Zellproliferation; Zelltod; Apoptose (1)
- Patient organization (1)
- Patient preferences (1)
- Pattern Recognition (1)
- Patterns (1)
- Paul-Falle (1)
- PavB (1)
- Pazifischer Ozean <Süd > (1)
- Pd/PTABS catalyst (1)
- Peat swamp forest (1)
- Pectat-Lyase (1)
- Pediatric (1)
- Pektinesterase (1)
- Penicillin G, Formulation development, Helicobacter pylori (1)
- Penning Trap (1)
- Penning-Falle (1)
- Pentathiepin (1)
- Pentathiepins (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Perception (1)
- Performance Monitoring (1)
- Periimplantitis (1)
- Peripheres Sehen (1)
- Peritonitis (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Perron-Frobenius theorem (1)
- Person-Centered Care (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Pestivirus (1)
- Petrobaltic (1)
- Petrotoga (1)
- Pfeilwürmer (1)
- Pflege (1)
- Pflegeperson (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Pharmakogenetik (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Phase Equilibrium (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phasengleichgewicht (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Phenol (1)
- Phenotypic Plasticity (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Phobie (1)
- Phosphaproline (1)
- Phosphaprolines (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate Substituted Dithiolene (1)
- Phosphino amino acids (1)
- Phosphinoaminosäuren (1)
- Phosphinoaniline (1)
- Phospholamban (1)
- Phospholipide (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonium glycolates (1)
- Phosphoniumglykolate (1)
- Phosphoniumsalze (1)
- Phosphopeptidanreicherung (1)
- Phosphoproteomanalyse (1)
- Phosphoproteomik (1)
- Phosphor-31-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Phosphotransferasesystem (1)
- Photoaging (1)
- Photoströme (1)
- Phragmites (1)
- Phragmites australis (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogenetische Systematik (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physikalische Chemie (1)
- Physiological proteomics (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Physiologische Psychologie (1)
- Phytotherapie (1)
- Phänotypische Plastizität (1)
- Pieris napi (1)
- Pig (1)
- Pili (1)
- Pilus Islet-1 (1)
- Pilus Islet-2 (1)
- Pilz-Endophyten (1)
- Pilz-Vielfalt (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pisot-Zahl (1)
- Plant Competition (1)
- Plant Ecology (1)
- Plant Invasions (1)
- Plaque (1)
- Plasma , Plasmaphysik , Laser , Fluoreszenz , Interferometer , Wakefield , CERN , Kielfeld-Beschleuniger , Teilchenbeschleuniger , Laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz (1)
- Plasma , Plasmaphysik , Tokamak , Stellarator , Magnetohydrodynamik , Kinetische Theorie , Simulation , Alfvén-Welle , Energiereiches Teilchen (1)
- Plasma / Turbulenz (1)
- Plasma Chemistry (1)
- Plasma Instability (1)
- Plasma Modeling (1)
- Plasma Surface Interaction (1)
- Plasma chemistry (1)
- Plasma diagnostics (1)
- Plasma diagnostics techniques and instrumentation (1)
- Plasma dynamics (1)
- Plasma proteomics (1)
- Plasma surface interaction (1)
- Plasma-Flüssigkeits-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Plasma-Oberflächen-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Plasma-wall interaction (1)
- Plasmainstabilität (1)
- Plasmajet (1)
- Plasmanitrieren (1)
- Plasmaschwingung (1)
- Plasmasimulation (1)
- Plasmasonde (1)
- Plasmastrom (1)
- Plasmatheorie (1)
- Plasmatransport (1)
- Plasmawelle (1)
- Plasmid (1)
- Platin (1)
- Plattentektonik (1)
- Plazenta (1)
- Pleistocene (1)
- Plättchenfaktor 4 (1)
- Pneumococci (1)
- Pneumokokkenoberflächenprotein C (1)
- Pneumolysin (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Podocyte (1)
- Podozyt (1)
- Polarisation (1)
- Polaron (1)
- Polen (1)
- Policy Moves (1)
- Political Economy (1)
- Politische Ökonomie (1)
- Poloxamer 188 (1)
- Polyanionen (1)
- Polyanions (1)
- Polycaprolactone (1)
- Polydimethylsiloxan (1)
- Polyelektrolytbürste (1)
- Polyethylenterephthalate (1)
- Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (1)
- Polynesien (1)
- Polyphenole (1)
- Polysaccharide utilization (1)
- Polystyrolsulfonate (1)
- Polyvinylalkohol (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Populationsbiologie (1)
- Populationsdynamik (1)
- Pore water (1)
- Portable OSL (1)
- Position (1)
- Position Specific Scoring Matrix (1)
- Post-translational modification (1)
- Posttranslationale Modifikation (1)
- Potential – pH Diagram (1)
- Potentiometrie (1)
- Potenzial – pH-Diagramm (1)
- Potenzialhyperfläche (1)
- Poultry and mammals (1)
- Power decay (1)
- Power-Sharing (1)
- PrV (1)
- Practical Deliberation (1)
- Practical Identity (1)
- Precipitation inhibitor (1)
- Preeclampsia (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Pricing (1)
- Prickly Pear Cactus (1)
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (1)
- Primary teeth (1)
- Principle Component Analysis (1)
- Prionprotein (1)
- ProRoot MTA (1)
- Process (1)
- Process engineering (1)
- Profilbilanzierung (1)
- Progenitor cells (1)
- Progenitorzellen (1)
- Progerie (1)
- Progesteron (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Proportional representation (1)
- Prostata (1)
- Prostate (1)
- Protamine (1)
- Protease (1)
- Proteasom-Assoziierte Störungen (1)
- Protected Area Management (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein Carbonylation (1)
- Protein Storage Disease (1)
- Protein p53 (1)
- Protein-Phosphorylierung (1)
- Proteinbiochemie (1)
- Proteinisoform (1)
- Proteinisoforms (1)
- Proteinogene Aminosäuren (1)
- Proteinphosphorylierung (1)
- Proteinquantifizierung (1)
- Proteinreinigung (1)
- Proteinsequenz (1)
- Proteinwechselwirkungsstelle (1)
- Proteom-Analyse (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomeanalyse (1)
- Proteomic (1)
- Proteomik (1)
- Proteomstudien (1)
- Protokaribik (1)
- Protonen-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Prozesstechnik (1)
- Präzipitation (1)
- Präzisionsmassenmessung (1)
- Pseudoalteromonas (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pseudomonas fluorescens (1)
- Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E (1)
- Pseudorabiesvirus (1)
- Pseudosaccharin amines (1)
- PspC-hpIgR-vermittelten Endozytose (1)
- PsrP (1)
- Psychopathologie (1)
- Psychopathology (1)
- Pterin (1)
- Public Health (1)
- Public Hospital Management (1)
- Public parks (1)
- Pufferzone (1)
- Pulse-Chase SILAC (1)
- Pumpe (1)
- Pumptests (1)
- Punktmutation (1)
- Purinabbau (1)
- Purinderivate (1)
- Puumala virus (1)
- Pyrite (1)
- Pädiatrische Onkologie (1)
- QCLAS (1)
- Quadruplex (1)
- Qualitative Empirsiche Sozialforschung (1)
- Quality of Management (1)
- Qualitätskontrolle (1)
- Quanten-Lévy-Prozess (1)
- Quantendot (1)
- Quantengruppe (1)
- Quantenkaskadenlaser (1)
- Quantenmechanik (1)
- Quantenphasenübergang (1)
- Quantenpunkt (1)
- Quantentheorie (1)
- Quantenwahrscheinlichkeitstheorie (1)
- Quantifizierung (1)
- Quantum Cascade Laser (1)
- Quartär (1)
- Quasi-Pseudo-Metrik (1)
- Quecksilber (1)
- Quergestreifte Muskulatur (1)
- Quorum quenching (1)
- Quorum sensing (1)
- Rцntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- RAP (1)
- RF Plasma (1)
- RHDV (1)
- RNA recombination (1)
- RNA self-splicing (1)
- RNA-World (1)
- RNS-Synthese (1)
- ROS (1)
- ROS, cell and mitochondria mechanics (1)
- RT-PCR (1)
- RT-qPCR (1)
- Rabies virus (1)
- Radial axis shift (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radikalfänger (1)
- Radioactive Ion Beams (1)
- Radioaktivität (1)
- Radiofrequenz (1)
- Radiographie (1)
- Radiologie (1)
- Rainbow Trout (1)
- Rainbow trout (1)
- Random matrices (1)
- Randomisierung (1)
- Range Ecology (1)
- Range shift (1)
- Rangeland Science (1)
- Rapid atrial pacing (1)
- RapidEye (1)
- Rasse (1)
- Rasterkraftmikroskop (1)
- Rauchen (1)
- Rauigkeit <Akustik> (1)
- Rauschkonsum (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Reactive species (1)
- Reactive transport (1)
- Reaktionsdynamik (1)
- Reaktionskaskade (1)
- Reaktionszeit (1)
- Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (1)
- Real time quantitative PCR (1)
- Recent warming (1)
- Rechenmethoden (1)
- Red River Delta (1)
- Redox Biogeochemie (1)
- Redox Biogeochemistry (1)
- Redoxregulation (1)
- Referred (1)
- Refugees (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regenwald (1)
- Regional Disparitäten (1)
- Regionale Pfadentwicklung (1)
- Regioselektivität (1)
- Regulator (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Rekonsolidierung (1)
- Rekrutierung (1)
- Rektorit (1)
- Relativistische Quantenmechanik (1)
- Relaxationskinetik (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin System (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-System (1)
- Renormalization (1)
- Reperfusion (1)
- Replica Exchange (1)
- Replikation (1)
- Replikon (1)
- Repressoren (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Reproduktion (1)
- Reptilien (1)
- Republik Komi (1)
- Resident (1)
- Residential School (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Respiratory infection (1)
- Responder und Nicht-Responder (1)
- Ressourcenmanagement (1)
- Reston virus (1)
- Restoration (1)
- Resuspension (1)
- Rettungswesen (1)
- Reverse Genetics (1)
- Reverse genetic system (1)
- Reversible inhibitions (1)
- Rex (1)
- Rhodaminfarbstoff (1)
- Rhodococcus ruber (1)
- Ribozym (1)
- Ribozyme (1)
- Riftia pachyptila (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risikofaktor (1)
- Risikofaktoren (1)
- Risikokonsum (1)
- Riskanter Alkoholkonsum (1)
- Robust (1)
- Rodents (1)
- Rohstoffgewinnung (1)
- Rotational transform (1)
- Russia (1)
- Russland (1)
- Räumliches Sehen (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Rückkehr (1)
- Rückmeldung (1)
- S. pneumoniae (1)
- S/XB coefficient (1)
- S1P (1)
- S1PR1 (1)
- S1PR2 (1)
- SAM analogue (1)
- SELEX (1)
- SERCA (1)
- SES (1)
- SHIP-Trend (1)
- SHP2 (1)
- SLC22A1 (1)
- SNP-specific alpha-level, colocalization (1)
- SPIONs (1)
- SRM (single reaction monitoring) (1)
- SSA (1)
- STIM1 (1)
- Saale (1)
- Saalian (1)
- Sae (1)
- Safe site (1)
- Sahel (1)
- Salience (1)
- Saliva (1)
- Salzstress (1)
- Salztoleranz (1)
- SarA (1)
- Satellitenbildauswertung (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Sauerstoffmangel (1)
- Scaling (1)
- Schadstoffabbau (1)
- Schale (1)
- Schaumflotation (1)
- Schlaganfall induzierte Immunschwäche (1)
- Schlieren (1)
- Schlinge (1)
- Schmerz (1)
- Schnecke (1)
- Schnecken (1)
- Schnelles Teilchen (1)
- Schnittstelle (1)
- Schools (1)
- Schreckreflex (1)
- Schulkind (1)
- Schusswaffe (1)
- Schutzgebiete (1)
- Schutzgebietseffektivität (1)
- Schutzgebietsmanagement (1)
- Schutzgebietsplanung (1)
- Schutzmaßnahme (1)
- Schwangerschaftsdiabetes (1)
- Schwarzes Meer (1)
- Schwein (1)
- Schweinekrankheit (1)
- Schweineleber-Esterase (1)
- Schwerelosigkeit (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Schädelhirntrauma (1)
- Scrape-off layer width (1)
- Scraper (1)
- Scribble (1)
- Seafloor Roguhness (1)
- Secondary Electrons (1)
- Sedentary Behavior (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sediment mixing (1)
- Sedimentologie (1)
- Seebeck effect (1)
- Seggenrohrsänger (1)
- Segmentierung (1)
- Seismik (1)
- Sekundärmetaboliten (1)
- Selbsteinschätzung (1)
- Selbstorganisation (1)
- Selbstorganisation , Selbstregulation , Hochmoor (1)
- Selective breeding (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-assembling protein design (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensoren (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequenzanalyse <Chemie> (1)
- Sequenzierung (1)
- Serine protease-like proteins (1)
- Serine proteases (1)
- Serologie (1)
- Serotype-independent (1)
- Serum IGF-I (1)
- Serum IGFBP-3 (1)
- Serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (1)
- Sewage (1)
- Sexual selection (1)
- Sexueller Konflikt (1)
- Sheath transmission coefficient (1)
- Sheeppox virus (1)
- Shells (1)
- Shockwaves (1)
- Shotgun proteomics (1)
- Shrubs (1)
- Signalwege (1)
- Silber (1)
- Simulationsexperiment (1)
- Sinlge port (1)
- Skalierung (1)
- Skin (1)
- Slice (1)
- Social Research (1)
- Social Spiders (1)
- Social information use (1)
- Social-ecological systems (1)
- Soil Science (1)
- South China Sea (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Soziale Beziehungen (1)
- Soziale Kognition (1)
- Soziale Krankenversicherung (1)
- Sozialität (1)
- Sozialsysteme (1)
- Sozialversicherung (1)
- Sozialökologie (1)
- Sozio-ökonomische Entwicklung (1)
- Spannender Baum (1)
- Spatial memory (1)
- Special-Use Forests (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speichel (1)
- Spektrenbibliothek (1)
- Spektrum (1)
- Spermienkonkurrenz (1)
- Sphagnum (1)
- Sphingolipide (1)
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (1)
- Spike and Slab (1)
- Spillover Infections (1)
- Spillover-Infektionen (1)
- Spin Trap (1)
- Spin Trapping (1)
- Spintronik (1)
- Spirituosen (1)
- SplB (1)
- Spontanabort (1)
- Sporulation (1)
- Sprachlandschaften (1)
- Spurengas (1)
- Sputterdeposition (1)
- Sputum (1)
- Spätglazial (1)
- Stability (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stabilitätsuntersuchungen (1)
- Stadial (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Staphylococci (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus vaccine candidates (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, USA300, antibiotic resistance, drug evasion. (1)
- Starch (1)
- Stark gekoppelte Systeme (1)
- Statistical modelling (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Staub (1)
- Staubdichtewelle (1)
- Staubige Plasmen (1)
- Staubiges Plasma (1)
- Stechmücke (1)
- Stechmücken <Familie> (1)
- Steineiche (1)
- Stent (1)
- Stereopsis (1)
- Stetiger Markov-Prozess (1)
- Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Gemisch (1)
- Stickstoffgruppe (1)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (1)
- Stochstic Programming (1)
- Stoffwandlung (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Stoffwechselphysiologie (1)
- Stoffwechselweg (1)
- Stoß (1)
- Strauch (1)
- Strauchwachstum (1)
- Streptococcus pyogenes (1)
- Streutheorie (1)
- Strikeline (1)
- String Geometry (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Structured Illumination Microscopy (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Stärke (1)
- Stückweise deterministischer Markov Prozess (1)
- Subsaharisches Afrika (1)
- Substratspezifität (1)
- Suizid (1)
- Sukzession (1)
- Sulfide (1)
- Sulfoxidation (1)
- Supercritical fluid chromatography (1)
- Supervised learning (1)
- Surface Collisions (1)
- Survival (1)
- Sus scrofa domesticus (1)
- Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) (1)
- Sustainable Agriculture (1)
- Sustainable Development (1)
- Sustainablity (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Symmetrie (1)
- Symptom (1)
- Syndrom (1)
- Synthetic Biology (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- Syria (1)
- Syrien (1)
- Systematic review and Meta analysis (1)
- Systematik (1)
- Südafrika (1)
- Südafrika , Schwermetall , Mikroplastik , Pestizid , Sediment , Bioindikation , Umwelttoxizität , Seismik , Hexachlorcyclohexan , DDT (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- T cell response (1)
- T cells (1)
- T zell (1)
- T-Duality (1)
- T-Dualität (1)
- TBO (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TESZ (1)
- THz (1)
- TIMP-1 (1)
- TMCL (1)
- TNFAIP3 (1)
- TOF (1)
- TPD52 (1)
- TRP Kanäle (1)
- TTZ (1)
- TWAS (1)
- Talinolol (1)
- Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Tansania (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Targeted delivery (1)
- Targeted proteomics (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Teichoic acid (1)
- Teilzug (1)
- Tektonik (1)
- Teleconsultation (1)
- Telementoring (1)
- Teleostei (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperaturbeständigkeit (1)
- Temperaturstressresistenz (1)
- Test (1)
- Test von zufälligen Effekten (1)
- Text Analysis (1)
- Th2 (1)
- The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1)
- Theodoxus fluviatilis (1)
- Theoretical Physics (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Thermische Analyse (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermophile (1)
- Thin films (1)
- Thiole (1)
- Third-party intervention (1)
- Thrombocytopenie (1)
- Thrombospondin (1)
- Thyreotropin (1)
- Thyroxin (1)
- Tier-Pflanzen-Interaktion (1)
- Tier-Pflanzen-Kommunikation (1)
- Tiere (1)
- Tiergesellschaft (1)
- Tiergesundheit (1)
- Tierphysiologie (1)
- Tierseuche (1)
- Tierversuch (1)
- Tight-junction (1)
- Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1)
- Tissue Optical Clearing (1)
- Titan Tholins (1)
- Titan-Tholine (1)
- Titration (1)
- Toll-like-Rezeptor (1)
- Tomographie (1)
- Ton-Eisen interaktion (1)
- Tonmineral (1)
- Tonmineralogie , Diagenese , Sandstein , Porosität , Permeabilität (1)
- Tooth loss (1)
- Topologischer Isolator (1)
- Torfabbau (1)
- Tourette Syndrom (1)
- Tourette Syndrome (1)
- Tourette-Syndrom (1)
- Tourism (1)
- Toxin (1)
- Toxoplasma gondii (1)
- Tracer particles (1)
- Tracerpartikel (1)
- Trans-Theoretisches Modell der Verhaltensänderung (1)
- Transcription Factor Binding Site (1)
- Transcriptom (1)
- Transfer Operator (1)
- Transfer-Operator (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transformationsländer (1)
- Transfusionsassoziiertes akutes Lungenversagen (1)
- Transienten-Elektromagnetik (1)
- Transitional metal catalysis (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktorbindestellen (1)
- Transkriptom (1)
- Transportproteine (1)
- Transporttheorie (1)
- Treemap (1)
- Treibhausgas (1)
- Treibhausgasemission (1)
- Triterpenes (1)
- Trockenheit (1)
- Tropen (1)
- Tropenwald (1)
- True Cost Accounting (1)
- Truncatelloidea (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tryptophan-Metabolism (1)
- Tumor spezifischer Transport (1)
- Tumorbiologie (1)
- Turbulente Strömung (1)
- Twins (1)
- Twisted K-Theory (1)
- Two component systems (1)
- Two-component system (1)
- Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- UAP56 (1)
- UBR1 (1)
- UDCA (1)
- UNESCO (1)
- USO-Project (1)
- UV-VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ubiquitination (1)
- Uganda (1)
- Ukrainian-Canadian literature (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Umweltethik (1)
- Umweltfaktor (1)
- Umweltproteomics (1)
- Umweltökonomie (1)
- Unabhängigkeitanalyse (1)
- Uncoupling (1)
- Underreporting (1)
- Ungewissheit (1)
- Unification (1)
- Universal Health Coverage (1)
- Universelle Abdeckung (1)
- Unsolicited medical opinion (1)
- Uracil misincorporation (1)
- Urban green areas (1)
- Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) (1)
- Urine diagnostics (1)
- Utilitarismus (1)
- VEEV (1)
- VEGF (1)
- VUV-Strahlung (1)
- Vaginale Ringe (1)
- Vanuatu (1)
- Variationsrechnung (1)
- Variogram (1)
- Variogramm (1)
- Vaterschaft (1)
- Vegetationsentwicklung (1)
- Vegetationsgeschichte (1)
- Vegetationsmuster (1)
- Velocity distribution (1)
- Ventrales-Striatum (1)
- Verbreitungsö (1)
- Verdampfung (1)
- Vereisung (1)
- Vergesellschaftung (1)
- Vergletscherung (1)
- Verhaltenstest (1)
- Verhältniswahl (1)
- Verschränkung (1)
- Versiegelung <Zahnmedizin> (1)
- Versorgung (1)
- Verunreinigungstransport (1)
- Veränderungsmotivation (1)
- Vesikel (1)
- Videokamera (1)
- Vielfalt (1)
- Vielteilchensystem (1)
- Vielteilchentheorie (1)
- Viral Vector (1)
- Viral dynamics (1)
- Virology (1)
- Virulence determinants (1)
- Virus Discovery (1)
- Virus der klassischen Schweinepest (1)
- Virus discovery (1)
- Virus evolution (1)
- Virus isolation (1)
- Virus-like particles (1)
- Virusinfektion (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Visuelle Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Vitronektin (1)
- Viurs-host protein interaction (1)
- Volatiles (1)
- Volitional Disunity (1)
- Vorhersage (1)
- Vorhersagemodell (1)
- Vorhofflimmern (1)
- Vorionisation (1)
- Voter turnout (1)
- W7-X (1)
- WNV (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wachtelkönig (1)
- Wahlbeteiligung (1)
- Wahlsystem (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wahrnehmung von Waldwerten (1)
- Waldboden (1)
- Waldgrenze (1)
- Waldschaden (1)
- Waldschäden (1)
- Waldumbau (1)
- Walzenspinnen (1)
- Wand-Abregung-Wahrscheinlichkeit (1)
- Wanderratte (1)
- Warmzeit (1)
- Wasseraufbereitung (1)
- Wasserhygiene (1)
- Wasserhärte (1)
- Wassersicherheitsplan (1)
- Wassersättigung (1)
- Water-rock interaction (1)
- Water-soluble catalysis (1)
- Watt (1)
- Waves (1)
- Wechsellagerung (1)
- Weichsel (1)
- Weichseleiszeit (1)
- Weichselvereisung (1)
- Weideökologie (1)
- Wein (1)
- Wellen (1)
- Wellenmagnetfeld (1)
- Wellenwechselwirkung (1)
- Wendelstein (1)
- Wendelstein 7-x (1)
- Werte (1)
- Wetlands (1)
- Wetter (1)
- Whistlerwelle (1)
- White spruce (1)
- Whole-cell enzyme cascade (1)
- Wiedererkennen (1)
- Wiedererkennungsgedächtnis (1)
- Wiedervernässung (1)
- Wiek Fault System (1)
- Winter (1)
- Wirbeltiere (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung , Wirkstoff , Löslichkeit , Pharmazie , Forschung , Entwicklung , Formulierung (1)
- Wirt-Erreger Interaktion (1)
- Wirt-Erreger Interaktionen (1)
- Wirt-Erreger-Interaktionen (1)
- Wirt-Erreger-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Wirts-Pathogen-Interaktion (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (1)
- Wirtschaftsgeografie (1)
- Wirtschaftsgeographie (1)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (1)
- Wirtsorganismus (1)
- Wirtsspektrum (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Wnt Signalweg (1)
- Wnt signaling (1)
- Wolfram (1)
- Wound antiseptics, HET-CAM, irritation score, octenidine, chlorhexidine, polihexanide, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, hemoglobin spray, allantoin, dexpanthenol, thiocyanate. (1)
- Wound healing (1)
- XGND (1)
- Xanthin Oxidoreduktase (1)
- Xplor®2 Transformations-/Expressionssystem (1)
- Xplor®2 transformation/expression system (1)
- YBX1 (1)
- YodB (1)
- YraA (1)
- YvaP (1)
- Zahnbogenveränderungen (1)
- Zahnimplantat (1)
- Zahnschmelz (1)
- Zahnstatus (1)
- Zander (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zeeman and Stark effects (1)
- Zeeman- und Stark-Effekte (1)
- Zeitmessung (1)
- Zellbiologie (1)
- Zelle (1)
- Zellen (1)
- Zellheterogenität (1)
- Zellmechanik (1)
- Zellmigration (1)
- Zelloberflächenproteine (1)
- Zelluläre Heterogenität (1)
- Zellzyklus (1)
- Zement (1)
- Zentralkohlenstoffmetabolismus (1)
- Zerstörung (1)
- Zitterbewegung (1)
- Zoobenthos (1)
- Zoologischer Garten (1)
- Zoonosen (1)
- Zoonosis (1)
- Zufallsmatrizen (1)
- Zugvögel (1)
- Zunge (1)
- Zuverlässigkeit (1)
- Zuwachs (1)
- Zwergspinnen (1)
- Zwergsumpfhuhn (1)
- Zwilling (1)
- Zylinderschale (1)
- Zystische Fibrose (1)
- Zytoskelett (1)
- Zytotoxizität (1)
- [Fe-S] Cluster (1)
- abnormal (1)
- absorption spectroscopy (1)
- accelerated drug release testing (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acoustic backscatter (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- activation status (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- acute pneumonia model (1)
- adaptational responses (1)
- addictive behaviors (1)
- adenine deaminase (1)
- adult neurogenesis (1)
- adulte Neurogenese (1)
- adulte Stammzelle (1)
- adults (1)
- advanced oxidation processes (1)
- agoraphobia (1)
- agri-food (1)
- agriculture (1)
- air-liquid interface system (1)
- airflow limitation (1)
- airglow (1)
- airway epithelial cells (1)
- akustische Rückstreustärke (1)
- akutes Pneumonie-Modell (1)
- alanine scanning (1)
- alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- alcohol dehydrogenases (1)
- alcohol-related diseases (1)
- algicolous fungi (1)
- alkali-activation (1)
- alkohol-attributable Erkrankungen (1)
- alkohol-attributable Morbidität (1)
- alloplastische Materialien (1)
- alveolar bone loss (1)
- amniotic fluid (1)
- anatomie (1)
- angeborene lymphoide Zellen (1)
- angiosperms (1)
- anglokanadische Literatur (1)
- animal-plant communication (1)
- animal-plant interaction (1)
- ankyloglossia (1)
- anomal transport (1)
- anomaler Transport (1)
- antibacterial (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antibody (1)
- anticipated-regret (1)
- antigen presentation (1)
- antimicrobial activity (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- antimikrobielle Aktivität (1)
- antimikrobiellen Screening (1)
- antiterminator protein (1)
- anxiety (1)
- aortenbogen (1)
- apikale Barriere (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- appearance size (1)
- applicability (1)
- aptazyme (1)
- aquatische Grenzzonen (1)
- arbo virus vectors (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- arch (1)
- arginine (1)
- artificial selection (1)
- asymmetric synthesis (1)
- at-risk drinking (1)
- atmospheric pressure discharge (1)
- atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (1)
- atomic spectra (1)
- attachment loss (1)
- attention (1)
- attentional bias (1)
- aureus (1)
- autonomic arousal (1)
- avian influenza (1)
- avian influenza virus (1)
- avian malaria (1)
- aviäre Influenza (1)
- bacterial lipocalin (1)
- bacterial membrane extensions (1)
- bacterial pathogens (1)
- bacterioplankton (1)
- bakterielle Lipocalin (1)
- barrier corona (BC) (1)
- bat (1)
- bat conservation (1)
- bat monitoring (1)
- bats (1)
- beaver flooding (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavior change (1)
- behavior change theories (1)
- behavioral avoidance test (1)
- beschleunigte Freisetzungstests (1)
- beta-representation (1)
- bildgebende Verfahren (1)
- bioactive compounds (1)
- biocatalytic cascades (1)
- biocentrism (1)
- biofilms (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological decontamination (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biologischer Quellen (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biomass (1)
- biophysikalischer Parameter (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosphere reserve (1)
- biotinylation approach (1)
- biraciality (1)
- bird migration (1)
- birth interval (1)
- biting midges (1)
- bitumen (1)
- bog (1)
- bone marrow transplantation (1)
- borderland (1)
- boreal (1)
- boreal peatlands (1)
- boronate linkage (1)
- boronic acid (1)
- brain (1)
- buffer zone (1)
- bulk chemical production (1)
- calcium homeostasis (1)
- camera trap (1)
- capability approach (1)
- capture-mark-recapture (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon fluxes (1)
- cardiometabolic health (1)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- cardiovascular health (1)
- caries (1)
- caries prevelance (1)
- caries prevention program (1)
- carp (1)
- case study (1)
- catalogue of criteria (1)
- catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (ACDO1) (1)
- cavity QED (1)
- cavity ring-down (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell free conversion (1)
- cell mechanics (1)
- cell signaling (1)
- cell-surface proteins (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- ch14.18 (1)
- changes (1)
- charge measurement (1)
- charge-density-wave (1)
- chemosynthesis (1)
- children (1)
- chiral amines (1)
- chondroitin sulfate (1)
- chronic psychological stress (1)
- chronischer psychischer Streß (1)
- clay mineral (1)
- clay-iron interaction (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- climate mitigation (1)
- climate sensitivity (1)
- climate signal age effects (1)
- clinical diagnosis (1)
- clinical pharmacology (1)
- clinical psychology (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clonal growth (1)
- closed chamber method (1)
- cluster (1)
- coalification (1)
- coastal sand dunes (1)
- cohort (1)
- cold (1)
- cold atmospheric plasma (1)
- cold atmospheric pressure plasmajet (1)
- cold hardiness (1)
- cold physical plasma (1)
- collapsin response mediator protein 2 (1)
- colonization (1)
- common pool resources (1)
- communities (1)
- competence, oligopeptide (1)
- complement (1)
- complete genome (1)
- complex plasma (1)
- computational fluid dynamics (1)
- computer-based interventions (1)
- conditional association analysis (1)
- conditional random field (1)
- confessionalization (1)
- coniferous trees (1)
- connectivity (1)
- conservation planning (1)
- consistent (1)
- contact angle (1)
- contact model (1)
- control (1)
- convective gas flow (1)
- cost (1)
- craniofacial morphology (1)
- crisis (1)
- crispr/cas9 (1)
- crossover Design (1)
- culture based method (1)
- culture conditions (1)
- cylindrical wave (1)
- cytotoxic (1)
- cytotoxic activity (1)
- de novo mutations (1)
- decanol (1)
- decay (1)
- deciduous teeth (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep sea (1)
- defensive Reaktivität (1)
- defensive flexibility (1)
- defensive reactivity (1)
- dehalogenase (1)
- dehalogenasen (1)
- dehydronorketamine (1)
- dehydroxylation (1)
- delayed recovery (1)
- dendroclimatology (1)
- dental general anesthesia (1)
- dental implant (1)
- dental pain, dental emergency, management plan (1)
- dental trauma (1)
- dentistry (1)
- deployment (1)
- depositional environment (1)
- destination image (1)
- destination loyalty (1)
- diagenesis (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dialysis (1)
- dice lattice (1)
- dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) (1)
- dielektrisch behinderte Entladung (1)
- diffusion (1)
- diffusion within multilayers (1)
- dihydrogen phosphate (1)
- diketocamphane monooxygenase (1)
- dilatative Kardiomyopathie (1)
- dinutuximab (1)
- dioxygenase (1)
- disaster nursing (1)
- disease model (1)
- district hospital (1)
- diversity (1)
- divertor (1)
- domain growth (1)
- drainage (1)
- drift waves (1)
- drought (1)
- drug (1)
- dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (1)
- duale Halbgruppe (1)
- duktale Adenokarzinom des Pankreas (1)
- dust (1)
- dust charge (1)
- dust-density waves (1)
- dystrophin deficient (1)
- e-health (1)
- eQTL (1)
- ecological succession (1)
- ecologyeng (1)
- ecosystem dynamics (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- eddy covariance (1)
- effect (1)
- efficacy (1)
- egc superantigens (1)
- egc-Superantigene (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electron bath (1)
- electron emission (1)
- ellipsometry (1)
- emergence behaviour (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotional memory (1)
- emotionales Gedächtnis (1)
- enantioselectivity (1)
- endemic region (1)
- endocarditis (1)
- endoskopishe-assistierte (1)
- endosymbionts (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endotoxemia (1)
- energetic ion (1)
- entanglement (1)
- enterotoxin gene cluster (1)
- entry (1)
- environmental drivers (1)
- environmental economics (1)
- environmental ethics (1)
- environmental proteomics (1)
- enzyme evolution (1)
- enzyme promiscuity (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eosinophils (1)
- epidemiologic studies (1)
- epidemiologische Studien (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epilepsy (1)
- epithelial cells (1)
- epoxid hydrolasen (1)
- epoxide hydrolase (1)
- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evaporation (1)
- event-related potential (1)
- evolutionary lineage (1)
- exosomes (1)
- experimental plant ecology (1)
- expression analysis (1)
- expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) (1)
- extraocular muscles (1)
- extravasation (1)
- fagus sylvatica (1)
- fast optical and electrical diagnostics (1)
- fdtd (1)
- fear extinction (1)
- feedback (1)
- fetal tolerance (1)
- finite difference in time domain (1)
- finite systems (1)
- fish vaccine (1)
- fitness traits (1)
- flavin reductase (1)
- flow tank (1)
- fluid modelling (1)
- fluorescent lamp (1)
- fluorescent lamps (1)
- fluorosis (1)
- focal cerebral ischemia (1)
- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (1)
- food industry (1)
- forcing (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest understory vegetation (1)
- forest value perception (1)
- formaldehyde (1)
- former nurse (1)
- free amino acids (1)
- free probability (1)
- froth flotation (1)
- ftir spectroscopy (1)
- full-wave (1)
- fumarate reductase (1)
- functional analyses (1)
- funding data (1)
- fungal diversity (1)
- fungal endophytes (1)
- fungicide (1)
- funktionelle Analyse (1)
- funktionelle MRT (1)
- furunculosis (1)
- fusion loops (1)
- gH/gL complex (1)
- gallic acid decarboxylase (AGDC1) (1)
- gambling (1)
- gamma distribution (1)
- gamma-Lactamase (1)
- gamma-lactamase (1)
- geistige Behinderung (1)
- gel matrix tablets (1)
- gel-based and gel-free proteomic analysis (1)
- gel-free mass spectrometry (1)
- gel-free proteomics (1)
- gemeindebasierte Krankenversicherung (1)
- gene (1)
- general hospital (1)
- general public (1)
- general stress response (1)
- generelle Stressantwort (1)
- genetic (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic variants (1)
- genetically encoded sensors (1)
- genome size (1)
- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (1)
- genotype by environment interaction (1)
- genotype-phenotype associations (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geologic carbon storage (1)
- geology (1)
- geometric morphometrics (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- gepulster Betrieb (1)
- gerichtete Evolution (1)
- gesundheitssystem (1)
- gingival biotype (1)
- gingival recession (1)
- gingivale Rezession (1)
- gingivaler Biotyp (1)
- glacial (1)
- glaciers (1)
- glandular tissue (1)
- glioblastoma multiforme (1)
- global change (1)
- glow-to-arc transition (1)
- glutaredoxin 2 (1)
- glutaredoxins (1)
- glycoprotein H (1)
- glycosaminoglycans (1)
- glycosidases (1)
- glycosylation (1)
- goat polymorphisms (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- gradient-design field experiment (1)
- great plate count anomaly (1)
- greenhouse gas emission (1)
- group prevention (1)
- growing media (1)
- guanosine analogs (1)
- guided streamer (1)
- gustatorische Balz (1)
- gustatory courtship (1)
- gymnosperms (1)
- gyrokinetic (1)
- gyrokinetics (1)
- gyrokinetisch (1)
- haloalkane dehalogenases (1)
- hazardous alcohol consumption (1)
- hcc (1)
- healing (1)
- health economic analysis (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heavy metal (1)
- heavy-episodic drinking (1)
- helicon, fluorescence, accelerator (1)
- hemolysin (1)
- hepatic markers,MRI, General populations (1)
- herausnehmbaren Zahnersatz (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- hibernation (1)
- high performance (1)
- high spatial resolution (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- histidine (1)
- histogram construction (1)
- histograms (1)
- history (1)
- holobiont (1)
- horticulture (1)
- host pathogen interactions (1)
- host plant quality (1)
- host preferences (1)
- host-microbe interactions (1)
- host-pathogen interaction (1)
- host-symbiont (1)
- hot spot (1)
- human cell lines (1)
- human pregnancy (1)
- humane Zelllinien (1)
- hyaluronic acid (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrogen phosphate (1)
- hydrolases (1)
- hydrothermal vent (1)
- hydroxyl radicals (1)
- hydroxynorketamine (1)
- hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (1)
- hyperthyroidism (1)
- hypothermia (1)
- ice flow model (1)
- ice-wedge polygon mire (1)
- illite/smectite (1)
- immune response,European bats,Lyssaviruses (1)
- immune system (1)
- immunosuppression (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- in situ (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vivo (1)
- in vivo Proteomics (1)
- in vivo disolution (1)
- in vivo proteomics (1)
- in vivo selection (1)
- in-situ Diagnostik (1)
- in-vitro Kultur (1)
- inactivated vaccine (1)
- inactive nurse (1)
- inbreeding depression (1)
- incidental finding (1)
- infective endocarditis (1)
- infective endocarditis, antibody response, monoclonal antibodies, S. aureus, SplB, ClfA, FnBPA, Card-ii-Omics (1)
- inflammation (1)
- information (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- inhomogeneous plasma (1)
- inhomogenes plasma (1)
- initial-Läsion (1)
- innate lymphoid cells (1)
- instabilities (1)
- insulin-producing cells (1)
- integrin (1)
- intellectual disability (1)
- interactions (1)
- interdisziplinär (1)
- interglacial (1)
- internal energy (1)
- interozeptive Bedrohung (1)
- interstratification (1)
- intestinale Absorption (1)
- intraoperative monitoring (1)
- invariant measure (1)
- invariantes Maß (1)
- invasive (1)
- invasive species (1)
- iodine deficiency disorders (1)
- ion accelerator (1)
- ion drag (1)
- ion traps (1)
- ion-beam trap (1)
- ionenwind (1)
- ipf-fd3d (1)
- islet transplantation (1)
- isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (1)
- isotherms (1)
- isotopic labeling (1)
- jaw (1)
- jep Gene (1)
- katalytische Aktivität (1)
- katalytische Promiskuität (1)
- keine Angaben (1)
- keratinocyte (1)
- kerogen (1)
- ketamine (1)
- kinases (1)
- kinetic modelling (1)
- kinetics (1)
- klinischer Attachmentverlust (1)
- knockout (1)
- konsistent (1)
- konsistente Schätzung (1)
- kortikale Verarbeitung (1)
- kraniofaziale Morphologie (1)
- krankenhaus (1)
- kw: Graph Theory (1)
- künstliche Selektion (1)
- label-free quantification (1)
- laminopathy (1)
- landscape dynamics (1)
- landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen (1)
- larval responses (1)
- laser ablation (1)
- laser atomic absorption (1)
- laser heating (1)
- latency of affect (1)
- latency of object recognition (1)
- lateral spread (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- lebensdauerabhängige Auftrittsgrößen (1)
- leisure activities (1)
- leucocytes (1)
- life cycle (1)
- lifestyle (1)
- lifetime-depentend appearance size (1)
- ligand-transporter interaction (1)
- light (1)
- light microscopy (1)
- light sheet fluorescence microscopy (1)
- linguistic landscapes (1)
- lipid domain growth (1)
- lipid monolayers (1)
- lipid oxidation (1)
- lipopeptide (1)
- literature review (1)
- live marker vaccine (1)
- live-cell imaging (1)
- liver ablation (1)
- livestock (1)
- local anesthetic, dentistry, pain, Inferior alveolar nerve block, RCT (1)
- lokales wissen (1)
- longitudinal cohort study (1)
- low-temperature plasma (1)
- luminescence-dating (1)
- lung function (1)
- lung volume (1)
- lymphocyte (1)
- mHealth (1)
- mRNA (1)
- magic number (1)
- magnetic field (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic marker monitoring (1)
- magnetic resonance images (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- major surgery (1)
- male sex pheromones (1)
- mapping (1)
- marine Sediment (1)
- marine bacteria (1)
- marine fungi (1)
- marine habitat mapping (1)
- marinen Pilze (1)
- mathematical statistics (1)
- mathematische Statistik (1)
- mating plug (1)
- mdx Maus (1)
- measurement error (1)
- mediation (1)
- medical ethics (1)
- membrane fusion (1)
- memory (1)
- menaquinones (1)
- mental chronometrics (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolic interactions (1)
- metabolic labeling of complete cells (1)
- metabolische markierung von Gesamtzellen (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolom (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metadynamics (1)
- metagenome (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal-insulator transition (1)
- metaproteome (1)
- mice pregnancy (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbial community (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microcirculation (1)
- microfluidics, cell mechanics, cells, holography, hologram, deformation, biomedicine, transfusion medicine, cytometry, viscoelasticity (1)
- microglia (1)
- microinstabilities (1)
- microinstabilitäten (1)
- microsite (1)
- microstructural analyses (1)
- microvascular decompression (1)
- migratory connectivity (1)
- mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- mimic scenario (1)
- minimal-invasiv (1)
- minimally invasive (1)
- minimally invasive therapy (1)
- minirhizotrons (1)
- miscarriage (1)
- mixed binomial point process (1)
- mixed chimerism (1)
- mixed model (1)
- mixed-race identity (1)
- mixed-valence correlations (1)
- mixture proposals (1)
- mobile Tierhaltung (1)
- mobile pastoralists (1)
- mode dynamics (1)
- modeling (1)
- molecular (1)
- molecular ecology (1)
- molecular epidemiology (1)
- molecular modelling (1)
- molekulare Epidemiologie (1)
- molybdopterin (1)
- money allocation (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monocyte (1)
- monolayer (1)
- morbidity (1)
- mortality (1)
- mortality costs (1)
- mosquito (1)
- motivation (1)
- mouse (1)
- multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1)
- multibeam echosounder (1)
- multilayer composition (1)
- multilevel analysis (1)
- multilingualism (1)
- multinomial distribution (1)
- multipopulation (1)
- mutations (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myxomycetes (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanowire (1)
- natural analougs (1)
- natural products (1)
- natürliches Analogon (1)
- negative Ionen (1)
- negative ions (1)
- neighbor map (1)
- neoclassic (1)
- neoklassisch (1)
- nervous system (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neue Virulenzfaktoren (1)
- neural stem cell (1)
- neurale Stammzelle (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neurodevelopmental disorders (1)
- neuron-rich calcium isotopes (1)
- neutralisierende Antikörper (1)
- neutralizing antibodies (1)
- neutron reflectometry (1)
- neutrophil (1)
- new virulence factors (1)
- nicht-Hermitizität (1)
- nichtlinear (1)
- nichtparametrische Dichteschätzung (1)
- nightglow (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen metastables (1)
- nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures (1)
- nitrous oxide (1)
- non-H5/H7 (1)
- non-Hermitian (1)
- non-commutative independences (1)
- non-equilibrium (1)
- non-homologous end joining (1)
- non-invasive genetics (1)
- nonlinear dynamics (1)
- nonparametric density estimation (1)
- nuclear egress (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- numerische simulation (1)
- nursing shortage (1)
- nutrients (1)
- nutrition (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- oak (1)
- objective test (1)
- observation process (1)
- offene Quantensysteme (1)
- oligodendrocyte precursor cells (1)
- oligonucleotide conjugate (1)
- oligonucleotides (1)
- oocyte (1)
- open quantum systems (1)
- optical diagnostics (1)
- optically active dithiolene (1)
- optokinetic nystagmus (1)
- optomechanics (1)
- oral health competence (1)
- orbital injury (1)
- organic (1)
- organic cation transporter 1 (1)
- organic farming (1)
- organofacies (1)
- oribatida (1)
- orodispersible (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- osmotic stress (1)
- osmotolerance (1)
- outbreak (1)
- oxidation processes (1)
- oxidative and nitrosative stress (1)
- oxidoreductase (1)
- oxygen (1)
- pH electrode (1)
- pH-Elektrode (1)
- pain (1)
- pancreatitis (1)
- pandemic (1)
- panic disorder (1)
- parallel current (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parametric bootstrap (1)
- parametrisches Bootstrap (1)
- parentage assignment (1)
- partial discharge (PD) (1)
- passive acoustic monitoring (1)
- pathogenesis (1)
- peat extraction (1)
- peat moss (1)
- peatlands (1)
- pectinase psychrophilic pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis ANT/505 (1)
- pediatric dentistry (1)
- performance (1)
- peri-implantitis (1)
- periodontal disease (1)
- periodontitis (1)
- peripheral dynamic stereovision (1)
- peritonitis (1)
- petroleum potential (1)
- phagocytes (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phenology (1)
- phosphate starvation (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- phosphotransferase system (1)
- photocurrent (1)
- photodetachment spectroscopy (1)
- photodynamic (1)
- phototdissociation (1)
- phycosphere (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physiological responses (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- phänotypische Plastizität (1)
- pig liver esterase (1)
- pitcher plant (1)
- plant-herbivore interaction (1)
- plasma chemistry (1)
- plasma current (1)
- plasma liquid chemistry (1)
- plasma physics (1)
- plasma theory (1)
- plasma-liquid-interaction (1)
- plastic (1)
- plate tectonics (1)
- platelet (1)
- platelet biomechanics (1)
- platelet cytoskeleton (1)
- platelets (1)
- pn: Nikolai Nøjgaard (1)
- pneumococcal carriage (1)
- pneumococcal infection (1)
- pneumococcal surface protein C (1)
- pneumococci (1)
- pneumococcus (1)
- pneumolysin (1)
- podocytes (1)
- point mutation (1)
- polarity regulators (1)
- pollution control (1)
- poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (1)
- polycrystalline gold (1)
- polyelectrolyte (1)
- polyelectrolyte multilayer (1)
- polyelectrolytes (1)
- polysaccharid (1)
- polysaccharide degradation (1)
- polyspecificity (1)
- polytrauma (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population-based (1)
- population-based studies (1)
- population-based study (1)
- populationsbasierte Studie (1)
- populationsbasierte Studien (1)
- positive Säule (1)
- positive column (1)
- post-reproductive phase (1)
- postreproduktive Phase (1)
- posttranslational modification (1)
- pre-ionization (1)
- precision mass measurements (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- preterm birth (1)
- primary (1)
- probabilistic interface labeling problem (1)
- probing depth (1)
- progeria (1)
- prolonged release tablet (1)
- prospective (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- proteasome (1)
- proteasomes (1)
- proteasomopathy (1)
- proteced area management effectiveness (1)
- protected area planning (1)
- protein (1)
- protein aggregate myopathy (1)
- protein biochemistry (1)
- protein kinase (1)
- protein quantification (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteolysis (1)
- proteolytic activation (1)
- proteome signatures (1)
- proteomic adaptation (1)
- proximal lesion (1)
- proximal sealant (1)
- public parks (1)
- pulse-chase SILAC (1)
- pulsed operation (1)
- purine degradation (1)
- pyrolysis (1)
- pyrrolobenzodiazepine (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quality-consciousness (1)
- quantum cascade laser (1)
- quantum groups (1)
- quantum phase transition (1)
- quantum probability (1)
- quinhydrone (1)
- quinone (1)
- r-Prozess (1)
- rabies virus (1)
- racial hybridity (1)
- radical polishing (1)
- radioactive nuclei (1)
- radiography (1)
- radiologie (1)
- radiology (1)
- randomization (1)
- range expansion (1)
- rangelands (1)
- rare (1)
- rat (1)
- rating scale (1)
- rational design (1)
- re-establishment of macrophages (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- reactive species (1)
- reactivity (1)
- receptor (1)
- receptor binding (1)
- recognition memory (1)
- recombinant Antigen (1)
- recombinant enzyme (1)
- recombinant protein (1)
- reconciliation (1)
- reconsolidation (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- redox chemistry (1)
- redox relay (1)
- redox-sensitive trace metals (1)
- reed (1)
- regional disparities (1)
- regionale Unterschiede (1)
- regulatorisches Netzwerk (1)
- regulatory network (1)
- rekombinantes Antigen (1)
- remote (1)
- removable dental prostheses (1)
- reproductive investment (1)
- reproductive phase (1)
- reproduktive Phase (1)
- reproduktives Investment (1)
- reprogramming (1)
- reserve (1)
- respiration (1)
- respiratory tract (1)
- restricted M-splines (1)
- retrieval (1)
- return (1)
- reverse Genetik (1)
- reward (1)
- riparian ecosystems (1)
- risk (1)
- risk factors (1)
- riskanter Konsum (1)
- root ecology (1)
- rotating spot method (1)
- räumliches Überleben (1)
- scale up for bulk chemical production (1)
- scaling (1)
- schlaganfall (1)
- schnelle optische und elektrische Diagnostik (1)
- scholartistic (1)
- scrape-off layer (1)
- sea level change (1)
- seasonal survival (1)
- secondary (1)
- secondary electron emission (1)
- secondary electrons (1)
- secondary metabolites (1)
- secondary plantmetabolites (1)
- secondary succession (1)
- secreted virulence factors (1)
- sedation (1)
- sediment (1)
- sekundäre Sukzession (1)
- self assembled monolayer (1)
- self-assembly (1)
- semantic vs. affective primacy (1)
- semi-empirical (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensors (1)
- sensory processing (1)
- sepsis (1)
- serotypes (1)
- setups (1)
- sex ratio (1)
- sexual conflict (1)
- sexual selection (1)
- short-lived nuclides (1)
- shrub growth (1)
- shrubecology (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- signalling pathways (1)
- similarity scaling (1)
- simultaneity judgments (1)
- skin (1)
- small mammals (1)
- small molecule (1)
- snail (1)
- snow cover manipulation (1)
- social-ecological system (1)
- socio-economic development (1)
- soil ecology (1)
- solid-state physics (1)
- solubility enhancement, drug delivery, oral administration, SNEDDS, nanoemulsions, polymer, adsorption, celecoxib, efavirenz, fenofibrate (1)
- solvents (1)
- sozial-ökologische Systeme (1)
- sozio-emotionale Stärken und Schwächen (1)
- space charge (1)
- spark discharges (1)
- sparsame Darstellung von Daten (1)
- sparse representation of data (1)
- spatial prioritization (1)
- spatial survival (1)
- species conversion (1)
- species differences (1)
- species richness (1)
- species turnover (1)
- specific dissolution potential (1)
- specific surface area (1)
- speckle-tracking (1)
- spectrum (1)
- speeded reaction time task (1)
- sperm competition (1)
- spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- spezifisches Auflösungspotential (1)
- spider phobia (1)
- spin-polarized current (1)
- split hairpin ribozyme (1)
- spontaneous reminding (1)
- spontanes Erinnern (1)
- spore (1)
- sporulation (1)
- stabile Isotopenmarkierung (1)
- stability studies (1)
- startle eyeblink (1)
- statistics (1)
- stereoscopy (1)
- stichprobenabhängige Partitionsregel (1)
- strain fields (1)
- stream ecology (1)
- streptococcal infection (1)
- streptococci (1)
- stress (1)
- stress response (1)
- stroke (1)
- structural analysis (1)
- structural evolution (1)
- structure-function relationship (1)
- strukturelle MRT (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid (1)
- success rate (1)
- suffocation fear (1)
- sugar pucker (1)
- suicidal ideation (1)
- suicide (1)
- sulfoxidation (1)
- superoxide anion (1)
- surface charges (1)
- surface exposure dating (1)
- surface forces (1)
- surface physics (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainability transitions (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- sustainable land use (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- symmetry (1)
- syndromic (1)
- synergistic (1)
- system dynamics model (1)
- tannic acid degradation pathway (1)
- tannin catabolism (1)
- taste (1)
- tectonic reconstruction (1)
- telos (1)
- temperature stress resistance (1)
- temporal order judgments (1)
- tertiary alcohol (1)
- tertiärer Alkohole (1)
- test of random effects (1)
- text mining (1)
- thermionische Emission (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermography (1)
- thermophilic (1)
- thin films (1)
- thiol stress (1)
- three-phase electrochemistry (1)
- tiling array (1)
- tiling, self-similarity, fractal, aperiodic, iterated function system (1)
- time course of recovery (1)
- time-correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC) (1)
- tissue optical clearing (1)
- titanium dioxide (1)
- tooth loss (1)
- topological insulator (1)
- topological insulators (1)
- torsin (1)
- tourism (1)
- tourist satisfaction (1)
- trace gas emission (1)
- trade-off (1)
- trans dimensional sampling (1)
- transaminases (1)
- transbilayer lipid (flip-flop) motion (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transient spark (1)
- transmission (1)
- transplant experiment (1)
- trauma (1)
- treatment (1)
- tree ring (1)
- tree size (1)
- tree-growth patterns (1)
- tree-rings (1)
- treeline (1)
- tropics (1)
- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (1)
- tundra vegetation (1)
- tungsten (1)
- two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (1)
- tyrphophilic (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ukrainisch-kanadische Literatur (1)
- universelles Produkt (1)
- unsolicited mental health diagnosis (1)
- urban dwellers (1)
- urban geography (1)
- utilitarianism (1)
- vaginal rings (1)
- valleytronics (1)
- variety-seeking (1)
- vector (1)
- vegetation patterns (1)
- vent (1)
- ventral-striatum (1)
- viral diagnosis (1)
- viral replication (1)
- virulence determinants (1)
- virulence factors (1)
- virulence genes (1)
- virulenz (1)
- virus discovery (1)
- vitamin K2 (1)
- vitronectin (1)
- voltage stabilization (1)
- warm glow (1)
- water column (1)
- water safety plan (1)
- waterlogging (1)
- wave interaction (1)
- wave magnetic field (1)
- wells (1)
- wetland plant (1)
- wetted area (1)
- whistler wave (1)
- white spruce (1)
- whole body multislice CT (1)
- wildlife species (1)
- winter ecology (1)
- witch trials (1)
- witchcraft (1)
- within-litter variation (1)
- wood density (1)
- wounds (1)
- x (1)
- xGND (1)
- xanthine oxidoreductase (1)
- xylogenesis (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zeta potential (1)
- zylindrische Welle (1)
- zytotoxische Aktivität (1)
- Änderung (1)
- Ätna (1)
- Ökobilanz (1)
- Ökologie / Pflanzen (1)
- Ökologische Ethik (1)
- Ökosystem-Modell (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistungen (1)
- Östrogen-Rezeptor-Modulator (1)
- Östrogene (1)
- Übergewicht (1)
- Überleben (1)
- Überlebenszeit , Prognose , Ultraschallkardiografie (1)
- Übersättigung (1)
- Überwachtes Lernen (1)
Institute
- Institut für Physik (130)
- Institut für Biochemie (93)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (80)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (54)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (46)
- Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie & Botanischer Garten (43)
- Institut für Pharmazie (42)
- Institut für Mathematik und Informatik (36)
- Institut für Mikrobiologie - Abteilung für Genetik & Biochemie (22)
- Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung (MNF) (22)
Publisher
- Nomos (1)
Impact of proteostasis and the ubiquitin proteasome system on myeloid cell function in the CNS
(2023)
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) maintains a functional proteome and thus proper cell function. Proteostasis is facilitated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), an intracellular protein turnover machinery ensuring clearance of damaged, misfolded, old and/or unneeded regulatory proteins. This is particularly important in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is linked to neurodegeneration. Disruptions of the proteostasis systems cause the accumulation of misfolded proteins which are commonly seen in progressive neurodegenerative diseases also linked to neuroinflammation. Proper UPS function can protect cells from the accumulation of defective proteins, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, it has been found that loss of function mutations in the genes encoding UPS components are linked to systemic inflammation including neuroinflammation and/or neurodevelopmental disorders. Proteasome defects in patients suffering from these disorders cause decreased proteasome activity, accumulation of proteins, activation of proteotoxic stress responses and systemic inflammation. However, the molecular link between proteotoxic stress and the initiation of inflammatory signalling remained unclear. In Article 2, we summarized the importance of the UPS in immune cell proteostasis and function including activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although UPS function is notably important in innate immune signalling, the current understanding of the role of UPS in myeloid cell function in the CNS is limited. We also indicated the involvement of impaired UPS function in sterile systemic inflammation including neuroinflammation as well as tumour diseases and pathogen manipulation of immune cells.
To investigate the molecular link behind proteasome impairment and systemic inflammation in the brain, we focused on microglia cells as the only immune residents of the CNS. In Article 1, we used a pharmacological inhibitor called bortezomib which targets β5 and β5i/LMP7 subunit activities in standard proteasome (SP) and immunoproteasome (IP), respectively. We showed for the first time on the molecular level that inhibition of proteasome activity by bortezomib triggers the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, proteotoxic stress responses and innate immune signalling activation depending on the induced proteotoxic stress response called unfolded protein response (UPR) in murine microglia. In particular, activation of the inositol-requiring protein 1α arm of UPR upon bortezomib treatment leads to systemic inflammation as indicated by type I interferon (IFN) response.
IP enhance the proteolytic capacity of UPS by rapid clearance of proteins upon immune signalling activation. Microglia, like other immune cells, exhibit constitutive expression of IP as well as SP to maintain their cellular proteostasis. In Manuscript 3, we studied the particular impact of IP impairment on microglial cellular function. We showed accumulation of ubiquitin-modified proteins and activation of proteotoxic stress responses in IP-impaired mouse and human microglia models. Moreover, we identified possible IP substrates in microglia using β5i/LMP7 knockout mice as an IP deficiency model and, examined how IP deficiency affects microglia function. IP deficient microglia affected the ubiquitylation levels of proteins involved in multiple pathways such as immune responses, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton organisation, cell cycle and ribosome function. Based on the molecular analysis, we confirmed sterile activation of innate immune signalling mechanisms in IP impaired microglia. This is driven by the proteotoxic stress sensor protein kinase R (PKR). In addition, we were able to show that IP impairment altered levels of the microglial activation markers, which are also involved in motility, adhesion and phagocytosis of microglia.
In this thesis, we highlight that UPS function is necessary to maintain microglial proteostasis and, that impairment of proteasome activities triggers sterile inflammation in microglia via activation of proteotoxic stress responses. The described activation of innate immune signalling mechanisms in microglia upon proteasome impairment may be considered as new therapeutic targets for patients suffering from rare protesomapathies or other disorders linked to dysregulated immune signalling.
Protamine (PRT) is a positively charged protein, which is widely used in medicine as an adjunct to certain preparations of insulin and as a rapidly-acting antidote for heparin, particularly to neutralize the effects of high heparin concentrations needed for anticoagulation during cardiac surgical procedures using cardiopulmonary bypass. It has been demonstrated that PRT and heparin form multimolecular complexes and that these complexes have high immunogenicity in a mouse model. Studies in this thesis provide new insights into the pathophysiology of anti-PRT/heparin antibodies. The results of study I showed that the administration of PRT combined with heparin is responsible for high immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunization after cardiac surgery. A subset of these antibodies was able to induce platelet activation in a way similar to that observed by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Using an animal model, we demonstrated that anti-PRT/heparin antibodies are capable of platelet destruction in the presence of PRT and heparin. Moreover, our data suggests that platelet-activating anti-PRT/heparin antibodies at surgery are potentially associated with postoperative thrombocytopenia and an increased risk for thromboembolic events. In study II, the immune response against PRT/heparin complexes was investigated. This study showed a relatively fast development of IgG with no general preceding IgM formation. In addition, patients undergoing liver transplantation developed anti-PRT/heparin antibodies without previous exposure to PRT. These results suggest that a previous contact with the antigen(s) itself or other antigens with molecular mimicry induced this immune response. In fact, we were able to identify Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin and core histones (DNA-binding proteins) as potentially antigenic candidates for a previous immunization. Furthermore, the findings of study III demonstrate the ability of anti-PRT/heparin antibodies to activate platelets in the presence of NPH insulin in a heparin-dependent way suggesting that diabetic patients may have an enhanced risk for thromboembolic complications if treated with NPH insulin and possibly while receiving prophylactic heparin. These observations justify further clinical investigations to assess the impact of the interaction between anti-PRT/heparin antibodies and PRT-mimicking antigens, such as NPH insulin or histones.
Oils and fats from natural origin are sustainable sources for a broad range of economically relevant products in food, feed, fuel, oleochemical, and cosmetic industries. Thereby, a huge variety of lipids or lipid-derived products exist which distinguish themselves by their unique physical properties making them suitable for their individual applications. To obtain such functional lipids in an environmentally friendly manner, enzymes can be employed. In that context, lipases have been proven to be valuable biocatalysts in lipid modification, which are broadly applied in industry. Even though they have been implemented successfully in the dairy, baking, and detergent industries, there is an increasing demand for the expansion of their utilization. New technologies like protein engineering and the implementation of process development are employed in solving this task. Within the enzymes in lipid modification, lipases are the most applied catalysts and in this thesis their utilization was expanded successfully to the implementation of novel separation processes and the production of improved drug delivery matrices.
Microalgae are aquatic, unicellular, eukaryotic organisms, which perform photosynthesis. They have gained interest within the last decades not only for biofuel production due to their high amount of lipids, but also for pharmaceutical and for nutraceutical purposes. Interesting compounds are proteins, carbohydrates, or pigments, such as carotenoids. However, microalgae possess strong and rigid cell walls, which hinder a sufficient and yet, gentle extraction of those valuable compounds. Although standard extraction techniques are available, several shortcomings occur, e.g. high energy demand, use of environmentally harmful solvents or alteration of compounds due to heat or chemicals. Therefore, an alternative method is needed, which is able to address these disadvantages. Physical plasmas were thus studied to answer the question whether they are able to disintegrate the cell walls of microalgae effectively and yet, without degradation of the extractives.
First step of the thesis was to find a suitable plasma source that has an effect on the cell walls because plasma effects, such as electric fields, shockwaves, UV light emission, and the generation of reactive species can be tailored with the respective setup. It was found that spark discharges are most effective for the extraction of Chlorella vulgaris, which was chosen as model organism. All extraction yields were compared to reference methods, whereat microwave radiation was found to be the most effective reference method and were hence, applied for comparative studies.
For the next step, proteins were selected as targets to answer the question, which differences can be determined between plasms-treated and microwave-radiated proteins are observable although the extraction yields were equal. Furthermore, plasma effects, especially the effects of reactive species on the extracted proteins had to be studied. Findings indicate that heat sensitive proteins, such as photosystem-related proteins, or histones are better extractable with spark discharges than with microwave exposure and the effect of reactive species is only minor.
The last step was to determine, which plasma effect is responsible for the observed cell wall disintegration. Therefore, the tensile strength of Chlorella vulgaris was determined and compared to the shockwave pressure, which is generated from the spark channel. It was proven that the shockwave pressure exceeds by far the tensile strength of the microalgae an can be thus held responsible for mechanism for cell wall rupture.
In this thesis, it was found that spark discharges are a promising alternative for the extraction of valuable compounds from microalgae. The discharges are not only effective, but also gentle enough for sensitive compounds, such as proteins or pigments.
Plus‐strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses are the largest group of viruses, medically highly relevant human pathogens, and are a socio‐economic burden. The current global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) shows how a virus has been rapidly spreading around the globe and that– without an antiviral treatment– virus trans mission is solely dependent on human behavior. However, other (+)RNA viruses such as rhino‐, noro‐, dengue‐ (DENV), Zika, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are constantly spreading and expanding geographically. As in the case of hepatitis C, since its first identification in the 1970s, it took more than 30 years to understand the HCV structure, genome organiza t ion, life cycle, and virus‐host interplay leading to the cure of a chronic and life‐threatening disease. However, no vaccination or antiviral treatment exists for most (+)RNA viruses. Con sequently, a precise and comprehensive analysis of the viruses, their life cycles, and parasitic interactions with their hosts remains an important field of research. In the presented thesis, we use mathematical modeling to study the life cycles of (+)RNA viruses. We analyze replication strategies of closely related (+)RNA viruses, namely HCV, DENV, and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), to compare their life cycles in the presence and ab sence of the host’s immune response and antiviral drug treatment and consider different viral spreading mechanisms. Host dependency factors shape the viral life cycle, contribut ing to permissiveness and replication efficiency. Our mathematical models predicted that host dependency factors, such as ribosomes, and thus the virus’ ability to hijack the host cell’s translation machinery play an essential role in the viral genome replication efficiency. Furthermore, our mathematical model suggested that the availability of ribosomes in the vi ral life cycle is a crucial factor in disease outcome: the development of an acute or chronic disease. Even though the host developed strategies to attack the virus, e.g., by degrading the viral genome, blocking the viral protein production, and preventing viral spread, viruses found strategies to countermeasure those so‐called host restriction factors derived from the immune system. Our mathematical models predicted that DENV might be highly effective in blocking the cell’s attempts to recognize the invader. Moreover, we found ongoing HCV RNAreplication even with highly effective antiviral drugs that block processes in the viral life cycle. Furthermore, we found alternative pathways of infection spread, e.g., by HCV RNA carrying exosomes, which may be a possible explanation for reported plasma HCV RNA at the end of treatment, found in a subset of patients. Hence, the mathematical models presented in this thesis provide valuable tools to study the viral replication mechanism in detail. Even though being a simplification of reality, our model predictions confirm and explain known and suggest novel biological mechanisms. In the pre sented thesis, I will summarize and discuss key findings and contextualize model predictions in the broader scientific literature to improve our understanding of the viral dynamics and the virus‐host interplay.
This thesis deals with thickness optimization of shells. The overall task is to find an optimal thickness distribution in order to minimize the deformation of a loaded shell with prescribed volume. In addition, lower and upper bounds for the thickness are given. The shell is made of elastic, isotropic, homogeneous material. The deformation is modeled using equations from Linear Elasticity. Here, a basic shell model based on the Reissner-Mindlin assumption is used. Both the stationary and the dynamic case are considered. The continuity and the Gâteaux-differentiability of the control-to-state operator is investigated. These results are applied to the reduced objective with help of adjoint theory. In addition, techniques from shape optimization are compared to the optimal control approach. In the following, the theoretical results are applied to cylindrical shells and an efficient numerical implementation is presented. Finally, numerical results are shown and analyzed for different examples.
This thesis draws a comprehensive picture about the radiation and diversification of truncatelloidean gastropods across the south pacific. It covers three more specifc studies focussing on the Truncelloideans from Fiji, Vanuatu and New Caledonia, respectively. And a conclusive analysis that combines the results of the three more specific studies and enhances them using species from the Austral Islands, Lord Howe Island, the Indonesian island Sulawesi as well as several species from New Zealand and Australia. Molecular phylogenies were calculated using four nuclear gene fragments (ITS2; 18S rRNA; 28S rRNA and Histone 3) besides the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA. Further molecuular data was used to calculate dated phylogenies, perform ancestral range reconstructions and develop a modified molecular barcoding approach.
Adaptation mechanisms within the B cell composition for successful human and murine pregnancies.
(2021)
Introduction
A well-balanced immune maternal status is essential for favourable outcome of pregnancy. Due to their complexities, not all immune adaptations that promote tolerance during pregnancy are known. To understand the adaptation of the B cell compartment, we analysed and compared B cell lymphopoiesis in different lymphoid tissues in a number of murine models.
Furthermore, we focused on the humoral immune response during pregnancy. We analysed immunoglobulin profiles in human subjects and mice during pregnancy.
These cellular alterations are subject to the influence of chemokines, among others. Therefore, we assessed serum levels of B cell activation factor to clarify its effects during pregnancy.
Methods
For analysis of the human peripheral B cell compartment, peripheral blood samples from age-matched non-pregnant and pregnant women without pregnancy complications, immunological disease or acute/chronic inflammation were collected and sub-classified into four different groups: non-pregnant, and first, second, or third trimester of pregnancy. The experiments, based on a mouse model, were performed with 8-week-old female mice: clinically healthy non-pregnant (CBA/J (H2k)), pregnant mice with normal gestation (BALB/c (H2d) x CBA/J (H2k)), and mice with pregnancy loss (DBA/2J (H2d) x CBA/J (H2k)). Subsequently, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood and lymphatic organs were isolated following standard protocols. The B cell analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The immunoglobulin serum levels of the human and murine subgroups were quantitated using Bio-Plex isotyping assay and analysed by a Bio-Plex reader. To quantify B cell activating factor (BAFF) in serum of pregnant and non-pregnant mice a BAFF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. The concentrations were determined by using a FLUOstar OPTIMA microplate reader. All statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test in GraphPad Prism software. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
We were able to demonstrate B cell lymphopenia in mice bone marrow downstream of pre-pro B cells, irrespective of pregnancy outcome. The mature bone marrow B cells did not show this adjustment mechanism during normal gestation.
Closer inspection of the splenic tissue revealed expansion and activation of marginal zone B cells in mice with a normal pregnancy. However, this was not observed in mice suffering from pregnancy disturbances. Natural antibodies secreted from marginal zone B cells were also present at higher concentrations in serum of pregnant mice, compared to non-pregnant animals.
We also found significantly higher levels of natural antibodies in serum of pregnant women compared to non-pregnant age-matched controls. Analysis showed significantly lower levels of BAFF in mice with normal pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant mice.
Conclusions
We are able to show mechanisms within the B cell compartment as well as the change within the natural antibodies that might be crucial for successful pregnancy in both humans and mice. Furthermore, BAFF seems to play a central role as a mediator of peripheral B cell compartment and B cell lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow for successful pregnancy.
Bats (Chiroptera) form the second largest order of mammals and with over 1,250 species, they represent about 20% of all mammalian species worldwide. They are the only mammals with true and sustained flight and distributed all over the world except the arctic regions. Moreover, bats entered specific ecological niches and with their food spectra, they reduce different arthropod populations as well as disperse seeds and pollen of plant species in various regions and habitats.
Bats also have a crucial role in spreading high-pathogenic and zoonotic viruses, harbor in general more viruses (zoonotic and non-zoonotic), and, related to the species, number even more than rodents. However, clinical symptoms of viral diseases are rarely reported in bat communities. Also seroconversions after infection were not reported for a variety of viruses found in bats. Since the incidence of virus-positive bats estimated in passive surveillance studies is usually very low, it is a question how such viruses can use bats as reservoir hosts. There is obviously a special evolutionary relationship between the pathogens and bats as hosts, which are based on possibly physiologic adaptations also in resistance and immunity.
In this thesis, the two lyssaviruses, European Bat Lyssavirus 1 and 2 (EBLV-1 and -2) were chosen as a model to investigate the immune response of European bats against viral infection in vitro. Lyssaviruses are the causative agents of rabies, a fatal zoonotic disease with neurotropic characteristics.
One main question to investigate was in which way bats act as reservoir host and developed a high disease resistance. The present thesis is based on three hypotheses about innate immune response against lyssavirus infection:
A) In bats specific peripheral resistance mechanisms evolved which reduce the risk of systemic viral infection after a hypothesized airborne transmission and infection via nasal epithelium supported by the social structure of and communication within bat communities.
B) The co-evolution of EBLV and the innate resistance of bats resulted in a very effective type I interferon response to inhibit a systemic lyssavirus infection.
C) The specific physiology of body temperature of bats with daily torpor depresses the viral replication but favours the type I interferon response.
To analyze the interferon-based resistance mechanisms, the type I interferon (IFN) genes of two European bats species (Eptesicus serotinus and Myotis myotis) were cloned and sequenced. Using established cell lines from the respiratory nasal epithelium (MmNep), olfactory nasal epithelium (MmNol), and Bulbus olfactorius brain (MmBr), the type I IFN response along a possible airborne infection route was investigated. The anti-viral effects and induction of IFNs/interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in each cell line were also investigated in detail after infection in vitro. Finally, the influence of different temperatures on lyssavirus replication was analyzed in cell culture experiments.
The results indicated that (a) along the hypothesized airborne infection route the susceptibility for lyssavirus infections is decreased, (b) the type I IFN activity in contrast is increased contributing to a limitation of lyssavirus replication and (c) an obvious influences of varying cultivation temperatures on the resistance against lyssavirus infections, which favor the IFN response and repressing lyssavirus replication.
The result from these in vitro studies supports the hypothesis of a special co-evolution between lyssaviruses and bats. However, in vivo studies on the relevance in infected animals are missing so far. This model could also explain the generally limited pathogenicity of bat-associated viruses.
Recent climate change has affected the forest system comprehensively. Northern hemisphere elevational treelines are considered as a key environment for monitoring the effects of current anthropogenic climate change. Moreover, trees from these areas are also widely employed in paleo-climate reconstructions. The stability of the tree growth climate relationship under current scenario is crucial for all tree ring based climate researches. It is important to investigate how trees respond to this rapid environmental change at altitudinal treelines. Tree cores from 21 treeline sites of three species (Pinus tabulaeformis, Picea crassifolia, and Sabina przewalskii) from Northeastern Tibetan have been conducted in this thesis. The instable correlations between tree growth and climate are the general response pattern of trees from all study sites in NE Tibetan Plateau. Picea crassifolia shows the most instable response to climate factors (mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation). Pinus tabulaeformis and Sabina przewalskii just showed instable and divergent responses to their main limiting climate factors but no clear trend was found which is limited by the few sample sites. Corresponding to divergent responses of Picea crassifolia to mean monthly temperature, most radial growth of Picea crassifolia were inhibited by this climate change type drought, only few trees within same sites grew faster due to temperature increasing during recent decades. The divergence response mainly started in last 30 years in six of eleven sample sites over the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. North-westerly drier sites showed a large percentage of trees per site with a negative correlation to temperature and mostly southerly moister sites showed more mixed responses with both negatively and positively responding trees within site. Concurrent with the regional pattern, low elevation sites show mostly negative correlations with temperature and high elevation sites show more mixed responses. As the hydrothermal conditions of the investigation area changed to a drier and warmer combination, drought stress on tree growth have been intensifying over time and expanding spatially from the middle to most of our study area during the last half century. The Picea crassifolia tree growth climate relationship conducted on an elevational gradient with four different levels from upper treeline to lower treeline at the NE Tibetan Plateau. Results show that upper treeline trees show divergent growth trends and divergent responses in recent decades. Trees from lower treeline show a strengthening drought stress signal over time and no divergent growth trends within sites. This potential ecological reaction of tree populations to changing environmental conditions shows an implications for using trees to reconstruct climate, since the indiscriminate use of tree ring data from sites showing opposite responses to increasing warming could cause mis-calibration of tree ring based climate reconstructions, and over- or underestimation of carbon sequestration potential in biogeochemical models. The physiological response of Sabina przewalskii tree growth to major limiting climate factors based on the Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model indicated that precipitation during the early growing season, especially in May and June, has significant effect on tree growth, while temperature mainly affects tree growth by warming-induced drought and by extending the growing season in the NE Tibetan Plateau. Under current and projected climate scenarios, modeling results predict an increase in radial growth of Sabina przewalskii around the Qaidam Basin, with the potential outcome that regional forests will increase their capacity to sequester carbon. However, most Picea crassifolia trees growing at lower elevations than Sabina przewalskii might be continue stressed by the warming induced drought and might decrease radial growth in future.
All types of muscles use Ca2+ as their main intracellular messenger. In skeletal muscle fibers abnormal levels of intracellular calcium result in altered contractile properties, altered energy metabolism, and altered gene expression. Moreover, long term failure of normal Ca2+ homeostasis can lead to cell death of muscle fibers by necrosis and apoptosis. Elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels are more and more regarded as the reason for pathological changes and muscle fiber damage in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a severe recessive x-linked muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The characteristics of DMD are muscle tissue wasting and fibrosis. Both muscle wasting and intracellular Ca2+ are to be reflected in changes of muscle force. Several Ca2+ conducting channels including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are supposed to account for the abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis in DMD. Gene expressions of TRP channels have been studied in human and mouse skeletal muscle and among others TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPV4 channels were found to occur in skeletal muscles. The present study followed the hypothesis that TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPV4 are functional in skeletal muscle fibers and that they contribute to muscular Ca2+ homeostasis. Further, it was assumed that dysfunction of the mentioned TRP channels contributes to abnormal contractile properties and pathology and of dystrophin-deficient muscle. To study Ca2+ changes in mouse skeletal muscle fibers the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2 was used. Further, the technique of Mn2+ quench of Fura-2 fluorescence was applied. Muscle force measurements of mouse soleus and diaphragm strips were performed. To elucidate abnormalities of TRP channel function in dystrophin-deficient muscle, muscles and muscle fibers of mdx mice were studied. Hyperforin, an activator of TRPC6 channels elicited increases of calcium levels in wildtype muscle fibers. These increases were partly inhibited by the TRPC6 inhibitor 1-(5-chloronaphthalenesulfonyl) homopiperazine hydrochloride (ML-9). The TRPC3/TPRC6 activator 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) resulted in increased calcium entry, which was attenuated by ML-9. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB), an unspecific TRP channel inhibitor, suppressed calcium entry in muscle fibers under basal conditions. In addition, the specific TRPC3 inhibitor Pyr3, strongly inhibited background calcium entry. The TRPV4 activator 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD) induced significant increased calcium entry and this increase could be inhibited by the TRPV4 inhibitor HC 067047. During muscle force recordings ML-9 significantly inhibited twitches and tetani and accelerated muscle fatigue during sustained repetitive stimulation. The results indicate that TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPV4 are functionally expressed in mouse muscle fibers. TRPC3 stays active under the basal conditions and contributes to background calcium entry. In contrast, TRPC6 and TRPV4 did not seem to be active at resting conditions, but could be pharmacologically activated. TRPC6 may play a role to counteract the calcium loss under long-term muscle fatigue. Though TRPC3 and C6 play a role for muscular Ca2+ homeostasis, it is unclear whether and how the two channels associate and cross-talk with each other in skeletal muscle cells. In mdx fibers Pyr3 inhibited background calcium influx stronger that in WT fibers, implying a possible over-activation of TRPC3 channels in mdx muscle fibers. At later stages mdx muscle showed marked decrease in force reflecting muscle wasting. Soleus showed moderate decrease and diaphragm showed severe decrease (more than 60%) in force. Resistance to muscle fatigue was shown in mdx soleus muscle when compared with WT soleus muscle. Diaphragm segments of mdx mice showed very strong resistance to muscle fatigue. The results indicate a substantial loss of muscle mass, an increase in oxidative fiber types and a reduction of fast fatigable muscle fibers. It is concluded that the hypothesis of functional expression of TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPV4 in mouse skeletal muscle has been confirmed. The results give improved knowledge about the relation of Ca2+ homeostasis, mdx pathology and TRP channels. Diaphragms of old mdx mice show severe muscle weakness but the remaining fibers of the diaphragm showed strong fatigue-resistance. The application of a TRPC3 inhibitor may be a promising treatment to prevent high Ca2+ mediated muscle damage in muscular dystrophy.
Liu–II coal pit is a typical example of China’s deep coal mines which is seriously threatened by groundwater inrush from the underlying carboniferous Taiyuan limestone formation. An exhaustive data set of this confined aquifer exists. The aquifer lies 45 m∼ 60 m below the major coal seam. A traditional artesian aquifer test has been performed in order to assess the hydraulic properties, e.g. transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S). This artesian aquifer test is conducted with four simultaneously operating production wells while the discharge of each production well varied with time. The results of this test suggest that the aquifer is heterogeneous. Therefore, the according problems are: (1) how to analyze the artesian aquifer test with linearly declining discharge; (2) how to deal with multiple production wells in an aquifer test; (3) how to adequately consider aquifer heterogeneity. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to solve these problems. 1) As opposed to classical above-ground pumping tests, it is difficult to control the discharge rate of the production well in a deep mine artesian aquifer test since the hydraulic pressure is extraordinary high. Moreover the discharge rate won’t descend rapidly to zero, thus the analytical solution of Jacob and Lohman (1952) type curve for the artesian aquifer test will not be applicable. It is more reasonable to analyze the test as a pumping test with variable discharge. It is considered to rebuild a hydrogeological conceptual model which is similar with Theis (1935) model but with the variable discharge. A general equation for any discharge variability is given. Its application for the linearly declining discharge is presented subsequently, and a type curve of this equation with linearly declining discharge is given as well. After that, a simple numerical model is built by FEFLOW to simulate an artificial pumping test with the linearly declining discharge by assigning different parameter sets for transmissivity and storage coefficient. The type curve method is applied to evaluate transmissivity and storage coefficient for the linearly declining discharge well. The deviation between the given values of transmissivity and storage coefficient in FEFLOW and the values of those calculated by matching point are sufficiently small. Thus, when the discharge of production well declines linearly, a type curve method as an empirical method is reasonable and gives satisfactory values of these hydrogeological parameters. 2) In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a pumping test (or an artesian aquifer test) with several pumping wells (or production wells) which work simultaneously in order to discharge maximum quantity of groundwater. Normally, the superposition method or numerical simulation is applied to analyze the test result. However, a new approach called “Well Generalization Method” is defined and analyzed in this thesis. It is an easy–to–use approach for hydrogeologist to estimate the aquifer parameters while conducting an aquifer test. Since the key point of this approach is using a generalization well to substitute the pumping (or production) wells, it is obvious that this approach will generate the estimated error of parameters. Accordingly, several scenarios are analyzed and discussed based on the artificial type aquifer designed in FEFLOW. A homogeneous aquifer and a heterogeneous aquifer which is generated by geostatistical stochastic simulation technique (see 3)) are discussed separately. As a result, this approach is feasible and applicable under some conditions when the calculated observation well is arranged more than about 2.5 times the scale of the multi–pumping–wells field away from the center of the multi–pumping–wells field, furthermore, the maximum deviation of drawdown resulting from these observation wells will be less than 0.5 m, and the estimated value of transmissivity will be 0.44% smaller than real value. 3) Finally aquifer heterogeneity is addressed, in order to check the introduced method for applicability under realistic conditions. It has been described that aquifer heterogeneity plays a major role in hydrodynamic processes (e.g. de Marsily et al., 1998). Geostatistics which is considered as a useful tool for characterizing the spatial variability of transmissivity is applied to solve this problem. Based on the results of the artesian aquifer test conducted in Liu–II coal pit, a model of spatial variability of transmissivity is developed. Sequentially, the variogram model is applied in ordinary kriging to interpolate the transmissivity distribution, and in sequential Gaussian simulation to simulate a random field of transmissivity data in order to reflect its small scale variability. A comparison of the results of estimation and simulation of transmissivity indicates that the simulated values better reflect the spatial variability, reversely, the estimated values are much smoother.
Bats belong to the most gregarious and diverse mammals with highly complex social behaviors. Despite extensive research on their ecology and social behavior in some bat species, gained insights are restricted to only few of the more than 1300 species. In the recent past, bats have also become a central topic of a different branch of research: Since the 1990s bats came to the fore of virologists and immunologists due to the bats’ apparent importance as reservoir hosts and vectors of several (mostly tropical) diseases. While this research is focused mainly on emerging infectious diseases linked to bats, and their zoonotic potential, little has been invested regarding the link between disease transmission and bat social systems.
In my work, I aim at filling this gap by merging automated daily roosting observations, social network analysis, and a virological screening in Natterer’s bats (Myotis nattereri). In a collaborative approach, my co-workers and I analyzed the social structure of individually marked Natterer’s bats, their astrovirus detection rate and transmission pathways within their colony, as well as roosting interactions between different co-occurring con- and heterospecific bat colonies.
We discovered Natterer’s bats to display a very divergent social network structure that contradicts the findings of previous studies on large fission-fusion groups. Contrary to the modular social network structure found in e.g. primates or other bats species, the social network of Natterer’s bats consists of only one highly interconnected community. Moreover, although the close proximity between bat hosts in the colony should strongly promote direct transmission, we found indications that astrovirus infections follow at least partly an indirect transmission pathway via contaminated roost use. Lastly, our results prove that co-occurring con- and heterospecific bat colonies, e.g. as in this study Natterer’s bats, brown long-eared bats and Bechstein’s bats, can influence each other in their roost use by avoiding conspecific roosts and by being attracted towards those of heterospecifics. This holds implication for the transmission of parasites and pathogens within and between different colonies with opportunities for spillovers. To conclude, this multidisciplinary study led to valuable insights in the hitherto hidden mechanisms within and among bat colonies.
In this thesis we have revisited the formation of the excitonic insulator (EI), which realizes an exciton condensate. In contrast to optically created exciton condensates, the EI forms in thermal equilibrium and is solely driven by the Coulomb attraction between electrons and holes. The EI phase is anticipated to occur near the semimetal-semiconductor (SM-SC) transition at low temperatures. Depending from which side the EI is approached, it forms due to a BCS-type condensation of electron-hole pairs or a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons. The extended Falicov-Kimball model (EFKM) is the minimal model the EI can be described with. This model describes spinless fermions in two dispersive bands (f band and c band), that interact via a local Coulomb repulsion. The EFKM is also used to describe electronic ferroelectricity (EFE). Both phases, the EI and EFE-type ordering, are characterized by a spontaneous f-c hybridization in the EFKM. We have presented the EI phase, the EFE phase, and the orderings they compete with. Moreover, we have determined the ground-state phase diagram of the EFKM. We have focused particularly on the anticipated BCS-BEC crossover within the EI and have analyzed the formation scenarios. The exciton spectrum and the exciton density in the normal phase close to the critical temperature give information about relevant particles and therefore the nature of the transition. We have demonstrated that the whole EI is surrounded by a halo", that is, a phase composed of electrons, holes and excitons. However, on the SM side, only excitons with a finite momentum exist. These excitons appear only in a small number and barely influence the SM-EI transition. This phase transition is driven by critical electron-hole fluctuations, generated by electrons and holes at the Fermi surface. On the SC side, excitons with arbitrary momenta exist. Most notably, we have found the number of zero-momentum excitons to diverge at the SC-EI transition, signaling the BEC of these particles. Within the EI phase, there is a smooth crossover from the BCS regime to the BEC regime. One of the promising candidates to observe the EI experimentally, is the transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. Strong evidences were found favoring an EI scenario of the charge-density-wave (CDW) formation in this material. However, some aspects point to a lattice instability to drive the CDW transition. We have addressed this issue by analyzing the recently discovered chiral property of the CDW in 1T-TiSe2. We have found that the EI scenario is insufficient to explain a stable, long range chiral charge ordering. Lattice degrees of freedom must be taken into account. In particular, nonlinear electron-phonon coupling and phonon-phonon interaction are crucial. By estimating appropriate model parameters for 1T-TiSe2, we have suggested a combination of excitonic and lattice instability to drive the CDW transition in this material. Experiments in 1T-TiSe2 and other materials suggest that the coupling to the lattice is non-negligible. We have extended therefore the model by an explicit exciton-phonon interaction, and have analyzed crucial effects of this interaction. While the single-particle spectrum is not modified qualitatively, the electron-hole pair spectrum changes significantly. The inclusion of the phonons lead to a massive collective mode in the ordered ground state in contrast to the case for vanishing exciton-phonon coupling, where the mode is acoustic. We have suggested that a gapless collective mode leads to off-diagonal long range order. This questions that the ground state for finite exciton-phonon coupling represents a condensate.
For many years, rangeland ecologists have debated about whether the state of semi-arid and arid rangelands is the expression of an ecological equilibrium or non-equilibrium dynamics reached in response to grazing livestock. Since the problem has been considered at different spatial scales, it is recognised that the competing concepts of equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics need to be integrated. Furthermore, the role of environmental variables as vegetation driving factors has long been ignored in the discussion on grazing effects on ecosystems. Present thesis, examines the dependence of plant communities on environmental in particular site-ecological conditions in three ecosystems of Western Mongolia established along a precipitation gradient to detect the vegetation-driving ecological factors involved. Furthermore, grazing impact is exemplary assessed in a desert steppe at additional spatial scales of plant communities and population. At the landscape level, a classification of plant communities in dependence on environmental conditions is carried out. Additionally, the investigations focused on the impact of grazing on soil and on the occurrence of grazing-mediated plant communities. Data were sampled along an altitudinal gradient between 1150 m to 3050 m a.s.l. from arid lowland with desert steppe via semi-arid mountain steppe to humid alpine belt. Within each altitudinal belt, data sampling was carried out along grazing gradients, established from grazing hot spots to areas distant from them. By means of an environmentally based vegetation classification, factors with highest explanation values for largest variation in vegetation were identified and considered as most responsible for vegetation patterns. To validate and affirm the classification, three different statistical methods are applied: environmentally adjusted table work of vegetation relevés supported by cluster analysis of species distribution, detrended correspondence analysis of vegetation data separately from environmental data, and the principle component analysis of only environmental data. Vegetation-driving factors change along the altitudinal gradient from abiotic forces in the desert steppe, as e.g. altitude and soil texture, to abiotic and biotic forces in the alpine belt represented by soil texture, soil nutrients and grazing. Vegetation and soil of all ecosystems respond to grazing but with different patterns and to a different extent. While desert steppe does not indicate grazing communities, mountain steppe demonstrates grazing communities at fertilised sites and alpine belt at nutrients depleted sites. Thus, the grazing sensitiveness of the ecosystems is assumed to be linked with plant productivity and the role of vegetation as site-determining factor (Chapter 2). To examine grazing impact at lower spatial scales on desert steppe as the ecosystem with lowest grazing sensitiveness at the landscape scale, at community scale the total number of species, the total vegetation cover, the percentage of annual species, the cover of annual species, and properties of soil nutrient along gradients of grazing intensity within three different communities were assessed. Vegetation parameters respond to grazing in different ways, and the responses of the same parameters vary between plant communities. Correlations with grazing intensity indicate only partly statistical significance. Significant correlations of grazing intensity with concentrations of soil nutrient point to eutrophication in two communities. A comparison of vegetation and soil properties refers to a greater indirect influence of grazing via increased soil nutrients than the direct effect on vegetation (Chapter 4). At the population level, data about stand density, aboveground biomass, individual plant weight, and the proportion of flowering plants of the dominant dwarf semi-shrub Artemisia xerophytica were collected along a grazing gradient. Soil data were used to distinguish between grazing and edaphic influences. All parameters of Artemisia xerophytica reflect the assumed gradient of grazing intensity up to 800 m distance from the grazing hot spot. As grazing pressure decreases, plant density and total biomass per plot increase. The average shrub weight, an indicator of plant vitality, is related to both: distance from the grazing hot spot and stand density, which may be explained by additional intraspecific competition at higher densities. At a longer distance, these effects are masked by variations in soil parameters determining water availability, leading to quite similar degradation forms. These results are in contrast to other studies carried out at the scale of plant communities which did not detect significant changes along a grazing gradient. One explanation is the different map scale: the study took place only within a single plant community comparing populations of one species (Chapter 3). The comparative study demonstrates that even arid desert steppes of western Mongolia display equilibrial and non-equilibrial properties, depending on the observational scale: while no grazing mediated plant communities could be identified at the landscape scale as predicted by the non-equlilibrium model, at the community level vegetation parameters imply an intermediate position between equilibrium and non-equilibrium system. At the population level, the results clearly reflect the grazing gradient as predicted by the equilibrium model (Chapter 4). As a consequence, the assessment of vegetation dynamics and grazing impact in rangelands requires a multiple-scale approach that duly considers different vegetation properties responding differently to grazing, climatic and edaphic variability at different spatial scales. It is further suggested, that future research should draw comparisons between landscapes that co-evolved with herbivory, and those that did without (Chapter 4).
A slice is an intersection of a hyperplane and a self-similar set. The main purpose of this work is the mathematical description of slices. A suitable tool to describe slices are branching dynamical systems. Such systems are a generalisation of ordinary discrete dynamical systems for multivalued maps. Simple examples are systems arising from Bernoulli convolutions and beta-representations. The connection between orbits of branching dynamical systems and slices is demsonstrated and conditions are derived under which the geometry of a slice can be computed. A number of interesting 2-d and 3-d slices through 3-d and 4-d fractals is discussed.
We present classical and hybrid modeling approaches for genetic regulatory networks focusing on promoter analysis for negatively and positively autoregulated networks. The main aim of this thesis is to introduce an alternative mathematical approach to model gene regulatory networks based on piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMP). During somitogenesis, a process describing the early segmentation in vertebrates, molecular oscillators play a crucial role as part of a segmentation clock. In mice, these oscillators are called Hes1 and Hes7 and are commonly modeled by a system of two delay differential equations including a Hill function, which describes gene repression by their own gene products. The Hill coefficient, which is a measure of nonlinearity of the binding processes in the promoter, is assumed to be equal to two, based on the fact that Hes1 and Hes7 form dimers.However, by standard arguments applied to binding analysis, we show that a higher Hill coefficient is reasonable. This leads to results different from those in literature which requires a more sophisticated model. For the Hes7 oscillator we present a system of ordinary differential equations including a Michaelis-Menten term describing a nonlinear degradation of the proteins by the ubiquitinpathway. As demonstrated by the Hes1 and Hes7 oscillator, promoter behavior can have strong influence on the dynamical behavior of genetic networks. Since purely deterministic systems cannot reveal phenomenons caused by the inherent random fluctuations, we propose a novel approach based on PDMPs. Such models allow to model binding processes of transcription factors to binding sites in a promoter as random processes, where all other processes like synthesis, degradation or dimerization of the gene products are modeled in deterministic manner. We present and discuss a simulation algorithm for PDMPs and apply it to three types of genetic networks: an unregulated gene, a toggle switch, and a positively autoregulated network. The different regulation characteristics are analyzed and compared by numerical means. Furthermore, we determine analytical solutions of the stationary distributions of one negatively, and three positively autoregulated networks. Based on these results, we analyze attenuation of noise in a negative feedback loop, and the question of graded or binary response in autocatalytic networks.
The six extraocular muscles (EOMs) are arranged around the eyeball as agonist-antagonist pairs performing the eye movements. The EOMs comprise a distinct muscle group that is fundamentally different from other skeletal muscle, which is reflected on many levels, such as functionality, anatomy as well as in their molecular make-up. Physiologically EOMs are considered superfast, high endurance muscles that are continuously active. In addition, EOMs contain unusual slow-tonic fibers that share features with amphibian and avian slow-tonic fibers. EOMs also express slow/cardiac isoforms of proteins and genes along with the typical isoforms of fast muscle fibers. Another striking hallmark of EOM is their differential involvement in a number of diseases. For instance, EOMs are preferentially spared in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is the most common fatal, genetic disease in males clinically characterized by progressive muscle wasting. Mutations in the dystrophin gene result in a destabilization of the muscle membrane causing muscle fiber damage. While all other skeletal muscles deteriorate the EOMs remain morphologically and functionally healthy. In the pathogenesis of DMD elevated Ca2+ levels are believed to be an early event and it has been shown that EOMs are protected from pharmacologically induced Ca2+ damage. The goal of this study was to characterize the spared EOMs, in particular their Ca2+ homeostasis, in the context of DMD pathology to reveal new potential therapeutic targets for the disease. A combination of physiological, molecular and biochemical methods was used to investigate the Ca2+ homeostasis of EOMs to demonstrate clear differences compared with the fast limb muscle tibialis anterior (TA). Ca2+ handling of stimulated cultured EOM myotubes suggested more efficient Ca2+ removal from the cytoplasm after induced Ca2+ influx compared with cultured myoblasts from TA. Subsequent mRNA and protein expression analyses of myoblasts and adult muscle tissue revealed high expression levels of many key Ca2+ regulating and buffering proteins in rodent EOMs compared with TA. Among these Ca2+ proteins were slow/cardiac proteins, which normally are not found in fast muscles. For instance, the sarcoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase SERCA2 was elevated along with its regulator phospholamban (PLN). Further, PLN was preferentially endogenously phosphorylated at Thr17 suggesting continuous activation of SERCA2 and possibly the fast isoform SERCA1, the main Ca2+ pumps responsible for removing Ca2+ from the cytoplasm after muscle contraction. Furthermore, Ca2+ buffers, such as calsequestrin (CASQ2) and parvalbumin (PARV) were elevated. These results suggest that EOMs are endowed with a unique and superior Ca2+ homeostasis that facilitates efficient Ca2+ buffering and removal from the cytoplasm. This is in agreement with their continuous and fast activation cycles, as well as with a potential protective mechanism in prevention of Ca2+ overload in DMD. The extreme activity patterns of EOM suggested that a high activity of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays a critical part to replenish Ca2+ for rapid and continuous cycles of contractions. To extend the data on general Ca2+ homeostasis and because of possible implications of store-operated Ca2+ influx and other Ca2+ influx pathways in DMD, the expression patterns of group 1 transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the proteins Orai1 and STIM1 were studied. The TRP channels, TRPC1, TRPC6 and TRPV4 channel proteins in addition to STIM1 showed higher expression in EOM compared with TA. High TRPC1, TRPV4 and STIM1 levels could play a significant role in the high fatigue resistance, muscle differentiation and SOCE in EOM. In addition, tissue from the mdx mouse model of DMD was investigated. The only channels differentially expressed in mdx EOM compared with normal EOM were TRPM4 and TRPM7 (decreased in mdx EOM) and TRPV4 (increased in mdx EOM). Although, these changes in mdx EOM were of small magnitude, they could point toward subtle compensatory changes related to the disease process. In general, EOMs seem to be unaffected by the disease and inherently protected. In conclusion, the results in this thesis have improved the understanding of the Ca2+ homeostasis in EOMs and suggest that EOM may be better able to prevent prolonged elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. These data may help to design new therapeutic approaches targeting Ca2+ handling proteins to ameliorate muscular dystrophy.
In the present thesis, a systematic study of beam driven Alfvén eigenmodes in high-density and low-temperature plasmas of the W7-AS stellarator is performed. The device went out of operation in 2002 and the study is based on stored experimental data. Alfvén instabilities can roughly be divided into ideal MHD Alfvén eigenmodes and those existing due to kinetic effects. The spectrum of ideal MHD Alfvén waves in toroidal fusion devices consists of a continuum of stable waves that are strongly localized. Weakly damped, discrete eigenmodes can exist in gaps of the continuous spectrum which are formed by plasma inhomogeneities and the coupling of Alfvén continua. This allows an identification of ideal MHD Alfvén eigenmodes in terms of their frequency and mode numbers. Kinetic effects can modify this spectrum and cause additional types of eigenmodes, the kinetic Alfvén eigenmodes (KAE) and energetic particle modes (EPM). The goal of this thesis is twofold: (I) identification and description of fast particle driven Alfvén instabilities in W7-AS, and (II) study of energetic particle losses induced by Alfvén instabilities. The reconstruction of the ideal MHD plasma equilibrium for each discharge with sufficient accuracy is the very foundation of all subsequent steps. This is achieved, based on measured plasma parameter profiles that are further refined by validating them to the measurements of other, independent plasma diagnostics. The applied scheme is inspired by an approach of Integrated Data Analysis (IDA) to combine different diagnostic data and provide combined uncertainties. After mode number analysis and eigenmode identification, the theoretically expected, linear growth rate of the instability is calculated where possible, and the various contributions of the fast particle drive to the instability of the mode are identified. Alfvénic activity recorded by the Mirnov diagnostic is analyzed, which consists of a set of spatially distributed coils that measure magnetic fluctuations. On W7-AS, the probes are arranged in three poloidal arrays at different toroidal positions. The spacing between the probes is non-equidistant. In addition, the signals of one probe array are digitized with a different sample rate. These characteristics prohibit the straight-forward use of standard tools available for harmonic analysis. Instead, a new tool has been developed and thoroughly tested. It is a multi-dimensional extension of the Lomb periodogram, able to provide reliable time-resolved frequency and mode number spectra in the case of uneven datapoint spacing. Numerical studies of this periodogram show a good performance with respect to mode number resolution given the low number of available probes, and robustness against perturbations of the signal. Only two of the probe arrays can be used for the analysis of eigenmodes with frequencies >70 kHz, such that for high-frequency phenomena insufficient information about the mode numbers is available. A total of 133 different Alfvén eigenmodes is studied in discharges from different experimental campaigns. A restriction to discharges from various high-beta campaigns with neutral beam heating is required to allow for a realistic reconstruction of plasma equilibrium and velocity distribution functions of energetic particles. The discharges are characterized by high density, ne = 5 x 1019 m-3 to 2.5 x 1020 m-3 at relatively low temperatures of Te = Ti = 150 ... 600 eV. Alfvén eigenmodes often appear transiently in the startup phase of these discharges, where density and heating power are being ramped up. Occasionally, Alfvén eigenmodes are seen in the stationary, high-beta phase in the presence of considerable neutral beam heating. Most of the Alfvén eigenmodes are successfully classified as ideal MHD eigenmodes. 19 global, 47 toroidicity-induced and 8 ellipticity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (GAEs, TAEs, and EAEs, respectively) are unambiguously identified by their mode numbers and frequencies. Excellent agreement between experimentally observed mode number spectra and theoretically calculated eigenmode structure is shown for a TAE example. Additional 13 events are found to have frequencies inside the EAE gap and could possibly be EAEs. Evidence for high-frequency Alfvén eigenmodes (mirror- and helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes) is seen, but can not be proven rigorously due to uncertain mode numbers and the complexity of the Alfvén continuum. The remaining 41 Alfvén eigenmodes can not be classified to be one of the above cases. Reasons are either high frequencies, mode numbers obscured by far-field effects, or mode numbers that could not be related to ideal MHD Alfvén eigenmodes. A selection of these shows indications of strong non-linear wave-particle interactions and are assumed to be EPMs. Kinetic Alfvén eigenmodes are not expected to exist in the experimental conditions that were studied. The radially resolved velocity distribution function is used to describe the parameter regimes in which the modes are observed in terms of the dimensionless parameters vb/vA (beam velocity normalized to the Alfvén velocity) and ßfast/ßth, where beta is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure. The first parameter describes through which of the possible resonance velocities particles can interact with the eigenmode. A peculiarity of the fast particle dynamics in fusion devices is that they can resonantly interact with Alfvén eigenmodes through sideband resonances even if v < vA. The second parameter describes the energy content of the destabilizing fast particle population compared to the potentially stabilizing thermal plasma component. These parameters contain relevant information about the instability of an eigenmode and such diagrams are given for all observed modes. In addition to that, the expected linear growth rate of gap modes is calculated based on a theoretical model that extends the ideal MHD by a perturbative, drift-kinetic description of the energy exchange between waves and circulating particles, neglecting the effects of trapped particles. For the discharges under consideration the thermal electron speed is comparable to vA and the electrons provide a significant Landau damping contribution. Due to strong density gradients near the plasma boundary in most of the discharges, the thermal ions can provide a small drive via the spatial inhomogeneity which does not overcome the electron damping, however. The drive by spatial inhomogeneity of thermal ions requires a certain propagation direction of the mode and is equally stabilizing for opposite mode numbers. The fast particles also contribute to the growth rate via spatial inhomogeneity, velocity gradients and velocity anisotropy terms are negligible in W7-AS. Most of the observed GAE or EAE modes have negative mode numbers, which correspond to a propagation direction for which the spatial inhomogeneity of thermal and beam ions is predicted to be stabilizing. A fast particle drive of these modes is not confirmed, whereas the TAEs are found to be strongly destabilized by neutral beam injection. The distribution of plasma parameters for discharges showing TAEs in terms of the dimensionless stability parameters suggests an instability threshold that is qualitatively confirmed by an exploration of the parameter space with the theoretical model. Wave-induced, resonant losses of energetic ions scale linearly with the wave amplitude. To identify them, correlations between ion loss probe signals and wave amplitudes are searched, where correlation times in the order of the slowing-down time of energetic particles are expected. Significant correlations can be established only exceptionally for 3 of the identified ideal MHD Alfvén eigenmodes. Those Alfvén eigenmodes, however, which are assumed to be EPMs frequently show severe losses of energetic ions that are visible in the time traces of the plasma energy as well.
Technological advances in light microscopy have always gone hand in hand with unprecedented biological insight. For microbiology, light microscopy even played a founding role in the conception of the entire discipline. The ability to observe pathogens that would otherwise evade human observation makes it a critical necessity and an indispensable tool to infectious disease research. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to optimize, extend, and functionally apply advanced light microscopy techniques to elucidate spatio-temporal and spatio-morphological components of bacterial and viral infection in vitro and in vivo.
Pathogens are in a constant arms race with the host’s immune system. By finding ways to circumvent host-mediated immune responses, they try to evade elimination and facilitate their own propagation. The first study (publication I) demonstrated that the obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii is not just able to infect natural killer (NK) cells, but is actually capable of surviving the harsh degradative conditions in the cytotoxic lymphocyte’s granules. Using live-cell imaging of reporter-expressing Coxiella burnetii, the transient NK cell passage was closely monitored to provide detailed spatio-temporal information on this dynamic process in support of a range of static analyses. Bacterial release from NK cells was pinpointed to a time frame between 24 to 48 hours post-infection and the duration of release to about 15 minutes.
The second approach (publications II-V) aimed at shedding light on the greater spatio-morphological context of virus infection. Thus far, most studies investigating the distribution or tropism of viruses in vivo have used conventional immunohistochemistry in thin sections. Omitting the native spatial context of the infection site in vivo inherently bears the risk of incomplete description. While the microscopic tools and sample preparation protocols needed for volumetric 3D immunofluorescence imaging have recently been made available, they had not gained a foothold in virus research yet. An integral part of this thesis was concerned with the assessment and optimization of available tissue optical clearing protocols to develop an immunofluorescence-compatible 3D imaging pipeline for the investigation of virus infection inside its intact spatio-morphological environment (publication II). This formed the basis for all subsequent volumetric analyses of virus infection in vivo presented here. Consequently, this thesis provided a valuable proof of concept and blueprints for future virus research on the mesoscopic scale of host-pathogen interactions in vivo (publications II-V), using rabies virus (RABV; publications II-IV) and the newly-emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; publication V) as infection models for the nervous system and the respiratory tract, respectively.
Applying and further improving this volumetric 3D imaging workflow enabled unprecedented insights into the comprehensive in vivo cell tropism of RABV in the central (CNS) (publication III) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) (publication IV). Accordingly, differential infection of CNS-resident astrocytes by pathogenic and lab-attenuated RABV was demonstrated (publication III). While either virus variant showed equal capacity to infect neurons, as demonstrated by quantitative image analysis, only pathogenic field RABVs were able to establish non-abortive infection of astrocytes via the natural intramuscular inoculation route. A combined 3D LSFM-CLSM workflow further identified peripheral Schwann cells as a relevant target cell population of pathogenic RABV in the PNS (publication IV). This suggested that non-abortive infection of central and peripheral neuroglia by pathogenic RABV impairs their immunomodulatory function and thus represents a key step in RABV pathogenesis, which may contribute significantly to the establishment of lethal rabies disease.
Finally, utilizing the full volumetric acquisition power of LSFM, a further refined version of the established 3D imaging pipeline facilitated a detailed mesoscopic investigation of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract of the ferret animal model (publication V). Particularly for this newly-emerged pathogen of global concern, in-depth knowledge of host-pathogen interactions is critical. By preserving the complete spatio-morphological context of virus infection in the ferret respiratory tract, this thesis provided the first specific 3D reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the first report of 3D visualization of respiratory virus infection in nasal turbinates altogether. 3D object segmentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in large tissue volumes identified and emphasized a distinct oligofocal infection pattern in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of ferrets. Furthermore, it corroborated a preferential replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret URT, as only debris-associated virus antigen was detected in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets, thus providing crucial information on the spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2.