Refine
Year of publication
- 2015 (239) (remove)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (209)
- Article (29)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (239)
Keywords
- - (30)
- Sepsis (7)
- Staphylococcus aureus (6)
- Enzym (4)
- SHIP (4)
- Atmosphärendruckplasma (3)
- Beschichtung (3)
- Depression (3)
- Germany (3)
- IPMN (3)
Institute
- Institut für Physik (19)
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie (14)
- Institut für Community Medicine (12)
- Institut für Biochemie (10)
- Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin (9)
- Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie (8)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (8)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (8)
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum (8)
- Institut für Pharmakologie (7)
Publisher
- S. Karger AG (17)
- Frontiers Media S.A. (5)
- IOP Publishing (5)
- De Gruyter (3)
Microbial infections can be either caused by a single species or complex multi-species consortia. One of the most prominent opportunistic human pathogens leading to mono- or mixed-species infections is the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Understanding the molecular basis of its adaptation to infection-related stresses is an essential prerequisite for the prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. We therefore employed state-of-the-art proteomics approaches to elucidate the molecular adaptation mechanisms of P. aeruginosa to infection-related conditions. Moreover, structure, function and interaction of complex microbial consortia containing P. aeruginosa and causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections were investigated by metaproteomics analyses. Our investigations revealed that the adaptation of P. aeruginosa during infection is either based on gene expression changes caused by environmental signal integration or by gene mutations leading to a selective advantage in a particular host environment. In study I, investigating the proteome response of P. aeruginosa biofilms to the clinical relevant antibiotic ciprofloxacin, global changes in the protein profile were observed. Ciprofloxacin induced the expression of proteins involved in the Lex-induced SOS-response, drug efflux pumps and gene products of the ciprofloxacin-responsive prophage cluster and repressed the expression of porins and DNA-binding proteins. In study II the transcriptome and proteome of two clonal P. aeruginosa lineages during long-term colonization of cystic fibrosis (CF) patient’s lungs were analyzed. Point mutations in global regulator genes, i.e. retS, gacS, and gacA, were identified by genomic sequencing. Inactivation of RetS, found two years after the initial colonization, induced the expression of genes involved in chronic infections and coding for the type 6-secretion system (T6SS). Additional mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulatory system (TCS) were found to repress the expression of T6SS proteins and to induce the expression of proteins belonging to the type 3-secretion system (T3SS). In study III we elucidated the niche-specific adaptation of P. aeruginosa isolates from different infection sites by investigating their protein expression patterns and glucose metabolic fluxes. We could show that isolates from the urinary tract express a higher amount of proteins involved in the acquisition of micronutrients (i.e. iron) and carbohydrates compared to isolates from the CF lung. In study IV 16S rDNA sequencing and metaproteomics were employed to demonstrate that the investigated CAUTI-related biofilms consisted of two to five different species with one or two species dominating the mixed community. Following this line of research, we investigated in study V structure and function of a biofilm of a long-term catheterized patient, which was predominantly composed of P. aeruginosa and Morganella morganii, but also contained a minor proportion of the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides sp.. The comparison of in vivo and in vitro protein expression profiles of P. aeruginosa and M. morganii indicated that iron and carbohydrates are the major growth-limiting factors in the bladder. These results indicate different nutritional strategies of the two pathogens in the bladder environment. A comparison of urinary protein profiles of healthy persons and catheterized patients suggested that the human innate immune system is induced by CAUTIs. Moreover, numerous proteins involved in nutritional immunity, e.g. iron-, calcium- and magnesium-binding proteins, were found to be more abundant in the urine of catheterized patients. A follow-up (meta)proteomics study (study VI) aiming at the elucidation of interspecies interactions during multi-species infections indicated that the urease-positive uropathogen Proteus mirabilis induces the precipitation of metal ions by urine alkalization and thereby limits the availability of these important micronutrients for other co-infecting bacteria. This limitation seems to be sensed by the P. aeruginosa PhoP-PhoQ two-component system (TCS) leading to an increased resistance to antimicrobial peptides and biofilm-forming capacity of the pathogen. Also during co-cultivation of P. aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus a slight increase in the expression of the PhoP-PhoQ TCS and the alkaline protease could be observed (study VII). In study VIII a combined metagenomics and metaproteomics approach was employed to investigate structure and function of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, a complex consortium consisting of a fungus, an algal partner, cyanobacteria, and a highly diverse bacterial microbiome. The results presented in this work contribute to a better understanding of the manifold and complex bacterial adaptation mechanisms to infection-related and environmental stress and thereby foster the development of novel treatment and prevention strategies.
This thesis revolves around a new concept of independence of algebras. The independence nicely fits into the framework of universal products, which have been introduced to classify independence relations in quantum probability theory; the associated product is called (r,s)-product and depends on two complex parameters r and s. Based on this product, we develop a theory which works without using involutive algebras or states. The following aspects are considered: 1. Classification: Universal products are defined on the free product of algebras (the coproduct in the category of algebras) and model notions of independence in quantum probability theory. We distinguish universal products according to their behaviour on elements of length two, calling them (r,s)-universal products with complex parameters r and s respectively. In case r and s equal 1, Muraki was able to show that there exist exactly five universal products (Muraki’s five). For r equals s nonzero we get five one parameter families (q-Muraki’s five). We prove that in the case r not equal to s the (r,s)-product, a two parameter deformation of the Boolean product, is the only universal product satisfying our set of axioms. The corresponding independence is called (r,s)-independence. 2. Dual pairs and GNS construction: By use of the GNS construction, one can associate a product of representations with every positive universal product. Since the (r,s)-product does not preserve positivity, we need a substitute for the usual GNS construction for states on involutive algebras. In joint work with M. Gerhold, the product of representations associated with the (r,s)-product was determined, whereby we considered representations on dual pairs instead of Hilbert spaces. This product of representations is - as we could show - essentially different from the Boolean product. 3. Reduction and quantum Lévy processes: U. Franz introduced a category theoretical concept which allows a reduction of the Boolean, monotone and antimonotone independence to the tensor independence. This existing reduction could be modified in order to apply to the (r,s)-independence. Quantum Lévy processes with (r,s)-independent increments can, in analogy with the tensor case, be realized as solutions of quantum stochastic differential equations. To prove this theorem, the previously mentioned reduction principle in the sense of U. Franz and a generalization of M. Schürmann’s theory for symmetric Fock spaces over dual pairs are used. As the main result, we obtain the realization of every (r,s)-Lévy process as solution of a quantum stochastic differential equation. When one, more generally, defines Lévy processes in a categorial way using U. Franz’s definition of independence for tensor categories with inclusions, compatibility of the inclusions with the tensor category structure plays an important role. For this thesis such a compatibility condition was formulated and proved to be equivalent to the characterization proposed by M. Gerhold. 4. Limit distributions: We work with so-called dual semigroups in the sense of D. V. Voiculescu (comonoids in the tensor category of algebras with free product). The polynomial algebra with primitive comultiplication is an example for such a dual semigroup. We use a "weakened" reduction which we call reduction of convolution and which essentially consists of a cotensor functor constructed from the symmetric tensor algebra. It turns dual semigroups into commutative bialgebras and also translates the convolution exponentials. This method, which can be nicely described in the categorial language, allows us to formulate central limit theorems for the (r,s)-independence and to calculate the correponding limit distributions (convergence in moments). We calculate the moments appearing in the central limit theorem for the (r,s)-product: The even moments are homogeneous polynomials in r and s with the Eulerian numbers as coefficients; the odd moments vanish. The moment sequence that we get from the central limit theorem for an arbitrary universal product is the moment sequence of a probability measure on the real line if and only if r equals s greater or equal to 1. In this case we present an explicit formula for the probability measure.
Background: A telemedicine care concept based on telephone contacts and individualized text messages was developed for patients with mental disorders to continue treatment after therapy in a psychiatric day hospital. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the telemedicine interventions. Methods: The study had a 3-armed, randomized design with 2 intervention arms (intervention 1: telephone contacts; intervention 2: telephone contacts and short text messages; both took place over a period of 6 months and in addition to usual care), and a control group with usual care. Primary outcomes were 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) scores for anxiety, depression and somatization. All participants were recruited from psychiatric day hospitals. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00000662). Results: 113 participants were analyzed 6 months after starting the intervention. The average BSI-18 anxiety score after 6 months was -2.04 points lower in intervention group 2 than in the control group (p value: 0.042). The difference in BSI depression score between these two groups was marginally significant (p value: 0.1), with an average treatment effect of -1.73. In an exploratory sensitivity analysis restricted to the 75% of patients with the highest symptom scores at baseline, intervention group 1 yielded a significant effect for anxiety and depression compared to the control group (p = 0.036 and 0.046, respectively). Conclusions: Telemedicine provides a novel option in psychiatric ambulatory care with statistically significant effects on anxiety. A positive tendency was observed for depression, especially in cases with higher symptom load at baseline.
Liu–II coal pit is a typical example of China’s deep coal mines which is seriously threatened by groundwater inrush from the underlying carboniferous Taiyuan limestone formation. An exhaustive data set of this confined aquifer exists. The aquifer lies 45 m∼ 60 m below the major coal seam. A traditional artesian aquifer test has been performed in order to assess the hydraulic properties, e.g. transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S). This artesian aquifer test is conducted with four simultaneously operating production wells while the discharge of each production well varied with time. The results of this test suggest that the aquifer is heterogeneous. Therefore, the according problems are: (1) how to analyze the artesian aquifer test with linearly declining discharge; (2) how to deal with multiple production wells in an aquifer test; (3) how to adequately consider aquifer heterogeneity. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to solve these problems. 1) As opposed to classical above-ground pumping tests, it is difficult to control the discharge rate of the production well in a deep mine artesian aquifer test since the hydraulic pressure is extraordinary high. Moreover the discharge rate won’t descend rapidly to zero, thus the analytical solution of Jacob and Lohman (1952) type curve for the artesian aquifer test will not be applicable. It is more reasonable to analyze the test as a pumping test with variable discharge. It is considered to rebuild a hydrogeological conceptual model which is similar with Theis (1935) model but with the variable discharge. A general equation for any discharge variability is given. Its application for the linearly declining discharge is presented subsequently, and a type curve of this equation with linearly declining discharge is given as well. After that, a simple numerical model is built by FEFLOW to simulate an artificial pumping test with the linearly declining discharge by assigning different parameter sets for transmissivity and storage coefficient. The type curve method is applied to evaluate transmissivity and storage coefficient for the linearly declining discharge well. The deviation between the given values of transmissivity and storage coefficient in FEFLOW and the values of those calculated by matching point are sufficiently small. Thus, when the discharge of production well declines linearly, a type curve method as an empirical method is reasonable and gives satisfactory values of these hydrogeological parameters. 2) In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a pumping test (or an artesian aquifer test) with several pumping wells (or production wells) which work simultaneously in order to discharge maximum quantity of groundwater. Normally, the superposition method or numerical simulation is applied to analyze the test result. However, a new approach called “Well Generalization Method” is defined and analyzed in this thesis. It is an easy–to–use approach for hydrogeologist to estimate the aquifer parameters while conducting an aquifer test. Since the key point of this approach is using a generalization well to substitute the pumping (or production) wells, it is obvious that this approach will generate the estimated error of parameters. Accordingly, several scenarios are analyzed and discussed based on the artificial type aquifer designed in FEFLOW. A homogeneous aquifer and a heterogeneous aquifer which is generated by geostatistical stochastic simulation technique (see 3)) are discussed separately. As a result, this approach is feasible and applicable under some conditions when the calculated observation well is arranged more than about 2.5 times the scale of the multi–pumping–wells field away from the center of the multi–pumping–wells field, furthermore, the maximum deviation of drawdown resulting from these observation wells will be less than 0.5 m, and the estimated value of transmissivity will be 0.44% smaller than real value. 3) Finally aquifer heterogeneity is addressed, in order to check the introduced method for applicability under realistic conditions. It has been described that aquifer heterogeneity plays a major role in hydrodynamic processes (e.g. de Marsily et al., 1998). Geostatistics which is considered as a useful tool for characterizing the spatial variability of transmissivity is applied to solve this problem. Based on the results of the artesian aquifer test conducted in Liu–II coal pit, a model of spatial variability of transmissivity is developed. Sequentially, the variogram model is applied in ordinary kriging to interpolate the transmissivity distribution, and in sequential Gaussian simulation to simulate a random field of transmissivity data in order to reflect its small scale variability. A comparison of the results of estimation and simulation of transmissivity indicates that the simulated values better reflect the spatial variability, reversely, the estimated values are much smoother.
Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) is being widely accepted in the field of urology as a replacement for conventional laparoscopy (CL). Nevertheless, the process of its integration in clinical routines has been rather spontaneous. Objective: To determine the prevalence of robotic systems (RS) in urological clinics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the acceptance of RAL among urologists as a replacement for CL and its current use for 25 different urological indications. Materials and Methods: To elucidate the practice patterns of RAL, a survey at hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was conducted. All surgically active urology departments in Germany (303), Austria (37) and Switzerland (84) received a questionnaire with questions related to the one-year period prior to the survey. Results: The response rate was 63%. Among the participants, 43% were universities, 45% were tertiary care centres, and 8% were secondary care hospitals. A total of 60 RS (Germany 35, Austria 8, Switzerland 17) were available, and the majority (68%) were operated under public ownership. The perception of RAL and the anticipated superiority of RAL significantly differed between robotic and non-robotic surgeons. For only two urologic indications were more than 50% of the procedures performed using RAL: pyeloplasty (58%) and transperitoneal radical prostatectomy (75%). On average, 35% of robotic surgeons and only 14% of non-robotic surgeons anticipated RAL superiority in some of the 25 indications. Conclusions: This survey provides a detailed insight into RAL implementation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. RAL is currently limited to a few urological indications with a small number of high-volume robotic centres. These results might suggest that a saturation of clinics using RS has been achieved but that the existing robotic capacities are being utilized ineffectively. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed, and certain strategies to solve these problems are offered.
Adjuvante Poetry-Therapie in der Psychiatrie : eine Analyse von 50 Poetry-Gruppentherapiesitzungen
(2015)
Problem: In dieser Doktorarbeit werden 50 protokollierte Gruppentherapiestunden in der Psychiatrie aus den Jahren 1985 bis 1987 von SCHRÖDER (unveröff.), in denen Poetry-Therapie (PT) angewendet wird, in mehreren Ebenen analysiert. Methode: Die ersten 25 PT-Gruppenstunden werden in der geschlossenen Psychiatrie, die letzten 25 Stunden in der offenen Psychiatrie durchgeführt. Nach dem reihum Vorlesen eines vom Therapeutenteam ausgewählten dichterischen Textes folgt ein teils freies, teils vom Gruppentherapeuten strukturiertes Gruppengespräch über den zuvor gelesen Text. Währenddessen protokolliert der Gruppentherapeut anfangs schematisch, in späteren Stunden detailliert das PT-Gruppengespräch. Der PT-Gruppenstunde schließt sich eine ca. 15minütige Therapeutenteambesprechung ohne Anwesenheit der Patienten an. In den Gesprächsprotokollen lässt sich ein regelmäßiger PT-Gruppengesprächsverlauf beobachten, der in dieser Arbeit zu der Entwicklung einer Fünf-Phasen-Regel führt: Phase 1: Interpretation des Textes, Phase 2: Bewertung des Textes oder des Protagonisten, Phase 3: Einbringen von eigenen Erlebnissen in Bezug auf Inhalt des Textes, Phase 4: Gruppengespräch löst sich vom Text, Phase 5: Austausch von Erfahrungen, Gefühlen, Meinungen, Erinnerungen, Wünschen und Hoffnungen unabhängig vom Text. Des Weiteren ist bei der Bearbeitung der Gesprächsprotokolle eine Klassifizierung der ausgewählten Texte entstanden: in sehr gute, gute, mittelmäßige PT-Literatur. Die Einteilung erfolgt anhand von 10 Bewertungskriterien. Abschließend wird mithilfe der statistischen Tests von Kendalls Tau und Goodman und Kruskals Gamma überprüft, ob eine Korrelation zwischen der Literaturklassifizierung und der Fünf-Phasen-Regel existiert. Ergebnis: Es werden die einzelnen PT-Texte, die Gruppentherapieverläufe, die anschließende Teambesprechung sowie tabellarisch das Erreichen der verschiedenen Gesprächsphasen mit Gesprächsauszügen dargestellt. 75% der sehr gut geeigneten Literatur, 64% der gut geeigneten und 45% der mittelmäßig geeigneten Literatur führen zu einer guten Entwicklung des Gesprächs (Gesprächsphasen 4 und 5). 25% der sehr guten Literatur, 36% der guten und 54% der mittelmäßig geeigneten Literatur führen zu gering entwickelten Gesprächen (Gesprächsphasen 2 und 3). Es zeigt sich keine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen angewendeter Literaturklassifizierung und Gesprächsentwicklung nach der Fünf- Phasen-Regel. Diskussion: Eine solche oder ähnliche Einteilung bei angewendeter dichterischer PT findet sich bisher nicht in der Literatur, wohl aber testpsychologische Untersuchungen, die einen Erfolg adjuvanter PT mit verhaltenstherapeutischen Texten in der Behandlung z.B. von Depression, von Panikstörungen und zur Suizidprophylaxe, etc. verzeichnen. Aufgrund von Effektivität und Kostenersparnis sollte über einen breiteren Gebrauch von adjuvanter Poetry-Therapie in Deutschland nachgedacht werden.
AGnES in der Regelversorgung - Umsetzung des § 87 Abs. 2b S. 5 SGB V im Bundesmantelvertrag AGnES (AGnES: Arztentlastende, Gemeinde-nahe, E-Healthgestützte, Systemische Intervention) ist ein vom Institut für Community Medicine der Univeritätsmedizin Greifswald entwickeltes Modell zur Entlastung von Hausärzten, bei dem Hausbesuche auf speziell fortgebildete nicht-akademische Fachkräfte delegiert werden. Die Hausbesuche werden ohne Anwesenheit des Arztes durchgeführt und sollen gerade im ländlichen Raum Ärzte entlasten und dem Ärztemangel entgegenwirken. AgnES wurde von 2005 bis 2008 in mehreren Bundesländern erprobt. Im Jahr 2008 wurde im Rahmen einer Pflegereform (Pflege-Weiterentwicklungsgesetz) auch § 87 Abs. 2b S. 5 SGB V ergänzt. In dieser Norm werden die Behörden der Selbstverwaltung im Gesundheitswesen (in diesem Fall die Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, der Spitzenverband Bund der Krankenkassen und der Bewertungsausschuss) verpflichtet, Regelungen zur Vergütung von Hausbesuchen nicht ärztlicher Fachkräfte zu erlassen. Der Bundesgesetzgeber verfolgte mit der Schaffung dieser Norm gerade das Ziel, das AGnES-Projekt oder ein inhaltlich gleichwertiges, wissenschaftlich evaluiertes und breit erprobtes Delegationsmodell in der Regelversorgung der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung zu verankern. Die Selbstverwaltung im Gesundheitswesen hat hierfür 2009 einerseits den Bundesmantelvertrag durch eine Anlage ergänzt, die sog. Delegationsvereinbarung. Außerdem wurde der Einheitliche Bewertungsmaßstab als Leistungs- und Vergütungskatalog der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung um Abrechnungspositionen für nicht-ärztlich durchgeführte Hausbesuche erweitert. Delegationsvereinbarung und EBM bleiben weit hinter dem vom Gesetzgeber gemeinten AgnESProjekt zurück. Die Delegationsvereinbarung verstößt deshalb in vielfältiger Hinsicht gegen den Vorrang des Gesetzes. Sie lässt sich unter anderem hinsichtlich der bis Ende 2014 vorgenommenen Beschränkung auf unterversorgte Gebiete (§ 2 Abs. 2), der Einschränkung der infrage kommenden Patientengruppen (§ 3 lit. a) und b)), des Anstellungszwanges der Praxisassistentinnen bei den Praxen (§ 4 Abs. 2), der Notwendigkeit der ärztlichen Einzelfallanordnung (§ 5 Abs. 1 S. 1, Abs. 2 S. 2), den zugelassenen Ausgangsqualifikationen der Fachkräfte (§ 6 S. 2 lit.a)) und vor allem hinsichtlich der Dauer der Fortbildung und ihrer Inhalte u.a. (§ 7 Abs. 2) nicht mit dem von § 87 Abs. 2b S. 5 SGB V vorgegeben Anforderungen vereinbaren. Die Regelungen der Delegationsvereinbarung verfehlen nicht nur die vom parlamentarischen Gesetzgeber gestellten Anforderungen, sondern werden auch den anderen Beteiligten nicht gerecht: Durch die zu niedrig festgelegten Qualifikationsanforderungen wird die Sicherheit der Patienten möglicherweise gefährdet. Zudem werden durch die zu restriktiven Voraussetzungen, welche Patientengruppen überhaupt von Praxisassistentinnen versorgt werden dürfen, unnötig viele Patienten ausgeschlossen. Hinsichtlich der Praxisassistentinnen wird die Chance vertan, einen großen Schritt hin zur Steigerung der Attraktivität der Heilhilfsberufe zu unternehmen und diesen den Stellenwert im Gesundheitssystem einzuräumen, den sie in den anderen europäischen Ländern bereits haben und wo sowohl finanzielle als auch personelle Probleme mit Hilfe der Praxisassistentinnen abgefedert werden können. Schließlich werden die Regelungen der Delegationsvereinbarung und des EBM auch den Vertragsärzten nicht gerecht. Ihnen steht die dringend notwendige Entlastung bis Ende 2014 nur in unterversorgten Gebieten zur Verfügung, die notwendige Attraktivitätssteigerung des Hausarztberufes bleibt auf der Strecke. Schließlich sind Zahl und Schwierigkeitsgrad der delegierbaren Leistungen aufgrund der potentiell ungenügenden Qualifikation der Praxisassistentinnen nach der Delegationsvereinbarung und damit ihre Entlastungswirkung deutlich in Frage gestellt, wollen nicht Hausärzte und Praxisassistentinnen Gefahr laufen, deshalb haftungsträchtige Behandlungsfehler zu begehen.
Einleitung: Die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) mit seinem zugrunde liegenden bio-psycho-sozialen Modell wurde 2001 in Deutschland vom Gesetzgeber aufgegriffen und im Sozialgesetzbuch IX verankert sowie in das Zentrum rehabilitativer Bemühungen gestellt. Durch eine Vielzahl möglicher Erkrankungsfolgen charakterisieren unterschiedliche Behandlungs-konzepte, Struktur- und Prozessmerkmale die Umsetzung der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen in den verschiedenen Phasen neurologischer Rehabilitation. Bei der Erfassung der Ergebnisqualität in der neurologischen Rehabilitation gibt es eine Reihe ungeklärter Fragestellungen. Material und Methoden: In vier empirischen Studien wurden Strukturen und Prozesse in der ambulanten neurologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland sowie patientenbezogene Assessmentverfahren untersucht. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: In einer eigenen Untersuchung von Struktur- und Prozessdaten einer repräsentativen Stichprobe ambulanter Einrichtungen der Neurorehabilitation zeigen sich im Ergebnis vergleichbare strukturelle Voraussetzungen der Einrichtungen, die zumeist durch die Rahmenempfehlungen zur ambulanten neurologischen Rehabilitation der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation (BAR) und entsprechende Versorgungsverträge bedingt sind. Unterschiedliche konzeptionelle Ausrichtungen führen zu unterschiedlichen Prozessen. Es ergeben sich dabei deutliche Hinweise auf Unterschiede formaler sowie inhaltlicher Konzepte zur Umsetzung des sozialrechtlichen Rehabilitationsauftrags zwischen verschiedenen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen. Grundsätzlich zeigt sich ein oft noch ungenutztes Potenzial in der Kontextarbeit, dem durch den Einbezug des unmittelbaren personellen und materiellen Sozialraums der Rehabilitanden in die Therapie begegnet werden könnte. Bei der Untersuchung patientenbezogener Assessments zeigt sich, dass zur globalen Erfassung von Teilhabe der Index zur Messung von Einschränkungen der Teilhabe (IMET) gut geeignet ist. Die Studienergebnisse zum Selbstständigkeits-Index für die Neurologische und Geriatrische Rehabilitation (SINGER) sprechen für eine gute Eignung in der ambulanten Neurorehabilitation und eine eindeutige Überlegenheit des SINGER als Assessmentinstrument gegenüber den bisher am weitesten verbreiteten Instrumenten Barthel-Index (BI) und Funktioneller Selbstständigkeitsindex (FIM). Die Resilienzskala (RS-13) besitzt auch bei ambulanten neurologischen Rehabilitanden akzeptable psychometrische Eigenschaften und kann daher auch in der ambu-lanten neurologischen Rehabilitation eingesetzt werden. Die Beachtung des Resilienz-Konstrukts mit Blick auf therapeutische Interventionen, die auf eine Verbesserung der psychischen Widerstandsfähigkeit abzielen, erscheinen aufgrund einer Assoziation mit dem Reha-Outcome sinnvoll. Die zur Ergebnismessung eingesetzte Marburger Kompetenz Skala (MKS) erweist sich nur als bedingt geeignet. Jedoch kann der Vergleich von Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung im Therapieprozess systematisch genutzt werden. Fazit: Die ambulante neurologische Rehabilitation in Deutschland stellt innerhalb der Rehabilitationsforschung ein Forschungsgebiet mit spezifischen Fragestellungen dar. Die bestehenden Strukturen und Prozesse zielen auf die Umsetzung des gesetzlich verankerten Rehabilitationsauftrages ab. Zur Erfassung des Rehabilitationsergebnisses existieren mittlerweile eine Reihe geeigneter patientenbezogener Assessmentverfahren. Um ihre vollen spezifischen Vorteile zu entfalten, muss die ambulante Neurorehabilitation zu einem Behandlungssetting ausgebaut und weiterentwickelt werden, in dem evidenzbasiert nicht mehr nur an Funktionen und Aktivitäten sondern übergeordnet an der Teilhabe und selbstbestimmter Lebensführung der Rehabilitanden behandelt wird. Hierzu besteht jedoch noch Forschungsbedarf.
In this thesis an artificial enzyme cascade consisting of an ADH from Lactobacillus kefir, a CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 and lipase A from Candida antarctica has been investigated for the biocatalytic synthesis of the bulk chemical ε-caprolactone as well as several derivatives for their direct utilization as polymer building blocks. Due to major limitations, which hamper such a biocatalytic route, the first addressed demand in this work was the improvement of the stability of the CHMO. By structure-guided engineering, distinctively improved variants concerning the resistance against oxidation as well as temperature stability without compromising the catalytic activity were successfully created. Due to the incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to thermal and/or oxidative inactivation of enzymes, this study illustrates that the selection of mutations for increased protein stability is still hard to predict. Thus, these results can serve as a basis for further stability studies on this enzyme class to give better insights into the underlying mechanisms, which determine the stability of an enzyme. Such a highly stabilized biocatalyst will pave the way for the successful use of flavin-dependent enzymes for industrial applications. A further aim of this thesis was dedicated to the second major hurdle en route to polyester precursors represented by the product inhibition and enzyme deactivation caused by ε-caprolactone, particularly at higher concentrations. To overcome this limitation, we developed an elegant solution in which the ε-caprolactone produced by the one-pot two-step enzymatic method is directly subjected to ring-opening polymerization using the unique lipase A from Candida antarctica. Applying this enzyme cascade in a whole cell biocatalysis in combination with an improved cofactor regeneration approach, the problem of product inhibition problem was efficiently solved leading to the formation of oligo-ε-caprolactone at more than 20 g/L when starting from 200 mM cyclohexanol. By a process development approach through solvent engineering it was found that biotransformations proceed much faster in an isooctane-containing biphasic solvent system when using free enzymes. Finally, the improved enzyme cascade was applied for the synthesis of chiral substrates and provided access to functionalized chiral compounds in high yields (up to >99%) and optical purities (up to >99%ee). By subsequent enzymatic enantioselective ring-opening of the enantiopure monomers, oligomeric lactones were successfully synthesized, which can be directly serve as building blocks for the polymer industry.
Synopsis
A network of ion sources is being developed on the 300-kV acceleration platform of the cryogenic storage ring (CSR) at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik. It consists of several types of sources like a metal ion sputtering source (MISS), a Penning source, a laser vaporization (LVAP) source, and an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to produce a large variety of ions which can be studied for photon and electron interaction in a ro-vibrationally cold environment. Furthermore a storage device such as a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) is foreseen for internal state cooling and accumulation of rarely produced species.