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Objective: The study aimed to test the reliability of a semi-structured telephone interview for the classification of headache disorders according to the ICHD-3.
Background: Questionnaire-based screening tools are often optimized for single primary headache diagnoses [e.g., migraine (MIG) and tension headache (TTH)] and therefore insufficiently represent the diagnostic precision of the ICHD-3, which limits epidemiological research of rare headache disorders. Brief semi-structured telephone interviews could be an effective alternative to improve classification.
Methods: A patient population representative of different primary and secondary headache disorders (n = 60) was recruited from the outpatient clinic (HSA) of a tertiary care headache center. These patients completed an established population-based questionnaire for the classification of MIG, TTH, or trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC). In addition, they received a semi-structured telephone interview call from three blinded headache specialists individually. The agreement of diagnoses made either using the questionnaires or interviews with the HSA diagnoses was evaluated.
Results: Of the 59 patients (n = 1 dropout), 24% had a second-order and 5% had a third-order headache disorder. The main diagnoses were as follows: frequent primary headaches with 61% MIG, 10% TAC, 9% TTH, and 5% rare primary and 16% secondary headaches. Second-order diagnosis was chronic migraine throughout, and third-order diagnoses were medication overuse headache and TTH. Agreement between main headaches from the HSA was significantly better for the telephone interview than for the questionnaire (questionnaire: κ = 0.330; interview: κ = 0.822; p < 0.001). Second-order diagnoses were not adequately captured by questionnaires, while there was a trend for good agreement with the telephone interview (κ = 0.433; p = 0.074). Headache frequency and psychiatric comorbidities were independent predictors of HSA and telephone interview agreement. Male sex, headache frequency, severity, and depressive disorders were independently predictive for agreement between the questionnaire and HSA. The telephone interview showed high sensitivity (≥71%) and specificity (≥92%) for all primary headache disorders, whereas the questionnaire was below 50% in either sensitivity or specificity.
Conclusion: The semi-structured telephone interview appears to be a more reliable tool for accurate diagnosis of headache disorders than self-report questionnaires. This offers the potential to improve epidemiological headache research and care even in underserved areas.
Background: Many regions worldwide reported a decline of stroke admissions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It remains unclear whether urban and rural regions experienced similar declines and whether deviations from historical admission numbers were more pronounced among specific age, stroke severity or treatment groups.
Methods: We used registry datasets from (a) nine acute stroke hospitals in Berlin, and (b) nine hospitals from a rural TeleNeurology network in Northeastern Germany for primary analysis of 3-week-rolling average of stroke/TIA admissions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared course of stroke admission numbers with regional cumulative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) infections. In secondary analyses, we used emergency department logs of the Berlin Charité University hospital to investigate changes in age, stroke severity, and thrombolysis/thrombectomy frequencies during the early regional Sars-CoV-2 spread (March and April 2020) and compared them with preceding years.
Results: Compared to past years, stroke admissions decreased by 20% in urban and 20-25% in rural hospitals. Deviations from historical averages were observable starting in early March and peaked when numbers of regional Sars-CoV-2 infections were still low. At the same time, average admission stroke severity and proportions of moderate/severe strokes (NIHSS >5) were 20 and 20–40% higher, respectively. There were no relevant deviations observed in proportions of younger patients (<65 years), proportions of patients with thrombolysis, or number of thrombectomy procedures. Stroke admissions at Charité subsequently rebounded and reached near-normal levels after 4 weeks when the number of new Sars-CoV-2 infections started to decrease.
Conclusions: During the early pandemic, deviations of stroke-related admissions from historical averages were observed in both urban and rural regions of Northeastern Germany and appear to have been mainly driven by avoidance of admissions of mildly affected stroke patients.
Abstract
Background and purpose:Diagnosing a patient with headache as a migraineur is critical for state-of-the-art migrainemanagement. Screening tools are imperative means to improve the diagnostic yield in the primary care settings andspecialized clinics. This study aims to translate and assess the diagnostic accuracy of a German version of theID Migraine™as a widely used and efficient screening instrument.
Methods:
The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation methodology was used to translate theoriginal three-itemID Migraine™, including a fourth question for aura, from the English language into the German language.Diagnostic accuracy of the GermanID Migraine™and predictors of false screening results were assessed among patientspresenting to a headache outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center in Germany over a 6-month period.
Results:
The translation procedure yielded a harmonized GermanID Migraine™and its diagnostic accuracy was assessedin 105 patients (80 female, 46.5+17.2 years of age), including 79 patients (75.2%) with migraine. The three-item GermanID Migraine™provides a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 68%, and positive and negative predictive values of 90% and 95%,respectively, using a cutoff of2. Positive and negative predictive values in a general headache population are estimated tobe 74% and 98%, respectively. The aura question identified 18 out of 20 migraineurs with aura.
Conclusions:
The GermanID Migraine™is an accurate screening tool for migraine even in a challenging population of aspecialized outpatient clinic. Its diagnostic accuracy indicates a potential utility for screening in primary health care.
In der akuten Schlaganfallbehandlung nehmen die endovaskulären Revaskularisationsverfahren, insbesondere die intraarterielle Thrombolyse, einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein. Grundlage dafür ist die zentrumsspezifische Sicherheit und Durchführbarkeit, wobei nach den Zertifizierungskriterien der Deutschen Schlaganfallgesellschaft die intraarterielle Thrombolyse nur in zertifizierten überregionalen Stroke Units erfolgen sollte. Weiterhin existieren nur wenige Selektionsparameter zur Abschätzung des Risikos der intrakraniellen Blutung als wichtigste Komplikation gegenüber dem potenziellen Benefit der Behandlung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war 1. die Etablierung eines klinisch praktikablen Protokolls zur Entscheidung für eine intravenöse oder intraarterielle Thrombolyse sowie die systematische Untersuchung der zentrumsspezifischen Sicherheit und Durchführkeit der intraarteriellen Thrombolyse; 2. die Untersuchung des Einflusses der bekannten klinischen und radiologischen Faktoren, wie Zeit bis zur Thrombolyse oder Rekanalisation im vorliegenden Patientenkollektiv auf das neurologische Outcome; und 3. die Untersuchung der Perfusions-CT und der CT-Angiographie als Grundlage für weitere mögliche Selektionsparameter zur intraarteriellen Thrombolyse. Zwischen 02/2006 und 12/2008 konnten 26 Patienten eingeschlossen werden. Ein Patient verstarb innerhalb von 90 Tagen nach Schlaganfall aufgrund eines erneuten cerebrovaskulären Ereignisses. Die Rate der symptomatischen und asymptomatischen intrakraniellen Blutungen (8% bzw 8%) sowie die Rate der periprozeduralen Komplikationen sind trotz der eingeschränkten Vergleichbarkeit mit der Literatur als gleichwertig zu bewerten. Die Effektivitätsparameter Zeit bis Thombolyse (Durchschnitt +/- Standardabweichung: 4,03 ± 1,2), Rekanalisationsrate (73%) sowie das Ausmaß des guten funktionellen Outcome 90 Tage nach Schlaganfall (mRS <=2; 58%) sind ähnlich oder teilweise sogar besser als die in der Literatur veröffentlichen Ergebnisse für die intraarterielle und intravenöse Thrombolyse. Somit ist die intraarterielle Thrombolyse in dieser Studie als sicher und effektiv zu bewerten. Die Zeit bis zur Thrombolyse zeigte sich nicht signifikant mit dem neurologischen Outcome assoziiert, jedoch ergab sich ein Trend zu schlechterem Outcome mit größerer zeitlicher Latenz zwischen Symptom- und Therapiebeginn. Weiterhin konnte die Rekanalisaton als Prädiktor für das neurologische Outcome und die Infarktgröße bestätigt werden. Der prädiktive Wert des Ausmaßes der Kollateralen in der CT-Angiographie mittels eines von Tan et al. entwickelten Score für das finale Infarktvolumen konnte in diesem homogenen, hochselektionieren Patientengut bestätigt werden. Das Ausmaß der Kollateralen als ein neuer Selektionsparameter für die Thrombolyse sollte weiter detailiert untersucht werden. Weiterhin konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass mittels Perfusions-CT auf das kurzfristige Outcome mittels NIHSS zwischen Aufnahme und Entlassung geschlossen werden kann. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass der im Rahmen dieser Studie entwickelte Auswertealgorithmus der relativen Perfusions-CT-Parameter und der schon verwendete Algorithmus der ASPECTS-Perfusion, bezüglich der Vorhersagekraft des cerebralen Blutvolumens (CBV) gleichwertig sind, jedoch die relativen Perfusions-Parameter eine wesentliche bessere Interrater-Reliabiltät aufweisen. Bezüglich des cerebralen Blutflusses (CBF) ergab sich nach dem ASPECTS-Perfusions-Algorithmus keine Assoziation mit dem neurologischen Outcome. Bei den relativen Perfusionsparametern erreichte jedoch das CBF eine dem CBV vergleichbare Vorhersagefähigkeit gepaart mit einer besseren Interrater-Reliabilität als das CBV. Das aktuell weit verbreitete visuelle Abschätzen der Größe des tissue at risk zeigte weder eine Assoziation zum neurologischen Outcome nach intraarterieller Thrombolyse noch eine gute Interratervariabilität.