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In classical Drude theory the conductivity is determined by the mass of the propagating particles and the mean free path between two scattering events. For a quantum particle this simple picture of diffusive transport loses relevance if strong correlations dominate the particle motion. We study a situation where the propagation of a fermionic particle is possible only through creation and annihilation of local bosonic excitations. This correlated quantum transport process is outside the Drude picture, since one cannot distinguish between free propagation and intermittent scattering. The characterization of transport is possible using the Drude weight obtained from the f-sum rule, although its interpretation in terms of free mass and mean free path breaks down. For the situation studied we calculate the Green's function and Drude weight using a Green's functions expansion technique, and discuss their physical meaning.
Based on distributions of local Green's functions we present a stochastic approach to disordered systems. specifically we address Anderson localisation and cluster effects in binary alloys. Taking Anderson localisation of Holstein polarons as an example we discuss how this stochastic approach can be used for the investigation of interacting disordered systems.
We discuss a numerical method to study electron transport in mesoscopic devices out of equilibrium. The method is based on the solution of operator equations of motion, using efficient Chebyshev time propagation techniques. Its peculiar feature is the propagation of operators backwards in time. In this way the resource consumption scales linearly with the number of states used to represent the system. This allows us to calculate the current for non-interacting electrons in large one-, two- and three-dimensional lead-device configurations with time-dependent voltages or potentials. We discuss the technical aspects of the method and present results for an electron pump device and a disordered system, where we find transient behaviour that exists for a very long time and may be accessible to experiments.
A novel method for time-resolved tuned diode laser absorption spectroscopy has been developed. In this paper, we describe in detail developed electronic module that controls time-resolution of laser absorption spectroscopy system. The TTL signal triggering plasma pulse is used for generation of two signals: the first one triggers the fine tuning of laser wavelength and second one controls time-defined signal sampling from absorption detector. The described method and electronic system enable us to investigate temporal evolution of sputtered particles in technological low-temperature plasma systems. The pulsed DC planar magnetron sputtering system has been used to verify this method. The 2" in diameter titanium target was sputtered in pure argon atmosphere. The working pressure was held at 2 Pa. All the experiments were carried out for pulse ON time fixed at 100 (is. When changing OFF time the discharge has operated between High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering regime and pulsed DC magnetron regime. The effect of duty cycle variation results in decrease of titanium atom density during ON time while length of OFF time elongates. We believe that observed effect is connected with higher degree of ionization of sputtered particles. As previously reported by Bohlmark et al., the measured optical emission spectra in HiPIMS systems were dominated by emission from titanium ions [1].
The interaction of partially ionized plasmas with an electromagnetic field is investigated using quantum statistical methods. A general statistical expression for the current density of a plasma in an electromagnetic field is presented and considered in the high field regime. Expressions for the collisional absorption are derived and discussed. Further, partially ionized plasmas are considered. Plasma Bloch equations for the description of bound-free transitions are given and the absorption coefficient as well as rate coefficients for multiphoton ionization are derived and numerical results are presented.
The relaxation of nonideal two-temperature plasmas is investigated with a kinetic approach. First the energy transfer between the electrons and ions is described using different approximations: the energy transfer through classical collisions (Landau-Spitzer approach) is reviewed; quantum diffraction and strong collisions are included by applying the quantum Boltzmann equation; the influence of collective modes is considered on the basis of the Lenard-Balescu equation (coupled modes) and with the Fermi-Golden-Rule approach (independent electron and ion modes). Finally, the evolution of the species temperature is investigated. In nonideal plasmas, changes in the correlation energy have to be taken into account during the relaxation. It is demonstrated that ionic correlations can significantly influence the relaxation particularly the evolution of the ion temperature).
We investigate the equilibration of nonideal plasmas from initial states where each species has already established a Maxwellian distribution, but the species temperatures and the chemical composition are not in equilibrium. On the basis of quantum kinetic equations, we derive hydrodynamic balance equations for the species densities and temperatures. The coupled density-temperature relaxation is then given in terms of the energy transfer between the subsystems and the population kinetics. We use the Landau-Spitzer approach for the energy transfer rates and a system of rate equations to describe the nonequilibrium plasma composition. Nonideality corrections are included in the rate coefficients and as potential energy contributions in the temperature equations on the simplest level of a Debye shift.
A research of the temperature effect of the muon cosmic ray (CR) component on the MuSTAnG super telescope data (Greifswald, Germany) for the whole period of its work (from 2007) was carried out. The primary hourly telescope's data were corrected for the temperature effect, using vertical temperature atmospheric profile at the standard isobaric levels obtained from the GFS model. To estimate the model accuracy and applicability the air sounding data for some years were used.
First-principle path integral Monte Carlo simulations were performed in order to analyze correlation effects in complex electron-hole plasmas, particularly with regard to the appearance of excitonic bound states. Results are discussed in relation to exciton formation in unconventional semiconductors with large electron hole mass asymmetry.
A quantum kinetic approach is presented to investigate the energy relaxation of dense strongly coupled two-temperature plasmas. We derive a balance equation for the mean total energy of a plasma species including a quite general expression for the transfer rate. An approximation scheme is used leading to an expression of the transfer rates for systems with coupled modes relevant for the warm dense matter regime. The theory is then applied to dense beryllium plasmas under conditions such as realized in recent experiments. Special attention is paid to the influence of correlation and quantum effects on the relaxation process.