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In 2009, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) started its journey towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This study examines the evolution of financial risk protection and health outcomes indicators in the context of the commitment of DRC to UHC. To measure the effects of such a commitment on financial risk protection and health outcomes indicators, we analyse whether changes have occurred over the last two decades and, if applicable, when these changes happened. Using five variables as indicators for the measurement of the financial risk protection component, there as well retained three indicators to measure health outcomes. To identify time-related effects, we applied the parametric approach of breakpoint regression to detect whether the UHC journey has brought change and when exactly the change has occurred.
Although there is a slight improvement in the financial risk protection indicators, we found that the adopted strategies have fostered access to healthcare for the wealthiest quantile of the population while neglecting the majority of the poorest. The government did not thrive persistently over the past decade to meet its commitment to allocate adequate funds to health expenditures. In addition, the support from donors appears to be unstable, unpredictable and unsustainable. We found a slight improvement in health outcomes attributable to direct investment in building health centres by the private sector and international organizations. Overall, our findings reveal that the prevention of catastrophic health expenditure is still not sufficiently prioritized by the country, and mostly for the majority of the poorest. Therefore, our work suggests that DRC’s UHC journey has slightly contributed to improve the financial risk protection and health outcomes indicators but much effort should be undertaken.
Background
Medical research is increasingly interdisciplinary. However, not all projects are successful and cooperation is not always sustained beyond the end of funding. This study empirically assesses the effect of control and trust on the sustainability of interdisciplinary medical research in terms of its performance and satisfaction.
Methods
The sample consists of 100 German publicly funded medical research collaborations with scientists from medicine, natural and social sciences (N = 364). We develop a system model to analyze the influence of trust and control on performance and satisfaction of the cooperation.
Findings
Both control and trust are important prerequisites for sustainability, control mainly for the performance of the collaboration, and trust primarily for its satisfaction. While the level of interdisciplinarity is a positive moderator for performance, expectation of continuity is a negative intervening variable for the effect of trust and control on satisfaction. Moreover, trust principally adds to the positive impact of control on sustainability.
Conclusions
Interdisciplinary medical research requires a participative but systematic management of the respective consortium.
Strategic Management in Healthcare: A Call for Long-Term and Systems-Thinking in an Uncertain System
(2022)
Strategic management is becoming increasingly important for sustainable management in healthcare. The reasons for this can be seen in the increasing complexity, dynamics and uncertainty of the system’s regimes and the resulting need for strategic thinking in a long-term period. The scientific discussion of this issue is the aim of the present analytical framework. The starting point is the definition of the term strategic management itself, followed by a reflection on the requirements resulting from the changes in the political, social and economic value systems of our post-industrial society. In this context, Dynaxity Zone III is used to explain the long-term perspective, the high levels of complexity and uncertainty and the responsibility of strategic management as important parameters. For a practical illustration, we demonstrate two selected applications (German hospital financing systems and development process of implants) and how the implementation of strategic management in the health care system shows success.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the expectation formation process of professional forecasters by relying on survey data on forecasts regarding gross domestic product growth, consumer price index inflation and 3‐month interest rates for a broad set of countries. We examine the interrelation between macroeconomic forecasts and also the impact of uncertainty on forecasts by allowing for cross‐country interdependencies and time variation in the coefficients. We find that professional forecasts are often in line with the Taylor rule and identify significant expectation spillovers from monetary policy in the USA.
Parental gender preferences in Central and Eastern Europe and differential early life disadvantages
(2023)
Parental gender preferences may affect partnership decisions and as a result lead to early life disadvantages. We study these preferences in five post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, a region with strong traditional gender norms and persisting inequalities between women and men in labour market outcomes. Using subsamples of census from Belarus, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Russia around 2000 and 2010, we follow Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, to examine the effect of the gender of the first-born child(ren) on fertility decisions and relationship stability of their parents. We only find strong evidence of ‘boy preferences’ in fertility decisions in the cases of Romania and Russia. However, unlike Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, for the US, we cannot confirm a relationship between the children's gender and parental partnership decisions. This is the case for all examined Central and Eastern European countries, as well as for a number of countries from Western Europe. The cases of Romania and Russia raise questions about other potential consequences of the documented gender preferences. We argue that our approach can be applied more broadly to identify other countries characterised by parental gender preferences, and to motivate further examination of different forms of gender driven early life disadvantages.
Hintergrund und Ziel
Um die präklinische Notfallversorgung zu optimieren und aktuelle Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, wurde im Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald im Jahr 2017 ein Telenotarzt-System eingeführt. Es sollte aus medizinischer und ökonomischer Sicht geprüft werden, ob dies, insbesondere im ländlichen Raum, eine effiziente Ergänzung der präklinischen Notfallversorgung darstellt.
Methodik
Es wurden ca. 250.000 Einsatzdaten, vor und nach Einführung des Systems, über die Jahre 2015 bis 2020 ausgewertet und ein Prä-Post-Vergleich über die Einsatzstruktur erstellt. Die 3611 Einsätze der Telenotärztinnen und -ärzte (TNA) wurden nach medizinischen Indikationen und zeitlichen Faktoren analysiert sowie mit Einsätzen ohne TNA verglichen. Zusätzlich erfolgten eine Analyse der Gesamtkosten des neuen Versorgungskonzeptes sowie eine Kostenanalyse der prä- und innerklinischen Behandlungskosten ausgewählter Erkrankungen.
Ergebnisse
Das Einsatzspektrum des TNA umfasste alle Altersstufen mit verschiedenen Meldebildern, die zu 48,2 % eine mittlere Erkrankungsschwere (stationäre Behandlung erforderlich) hatten. Von Patient*innen und Mitarbeitenden wurde das System gut angenommen. Die Einsatzdaten zeigten einen signifikanten Rückgang der Notarztbeteiligung bei telenotarztfähigen Einsatzfahrzeugen um 20 %. Die jährlichen Kosten des Systems belaufen sich auf ca. 1,7 Mio. €.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse belegen die Vorteilhaftigkeit des TNA-Systems, sodass es über die Projektdauer hinaus implementiert wurde. Das System ist medizinisch sinnvoll, funktionsfähig sowie effizient und steht als Innovation für die Umsetzung in ganz Deutschland bereit.
Background and objective
Political, economic, communicative and cultural borders still limit the accessibility of acute healthcare services for patients so that they frequently have to accept longer distances to travel to the next provider within their own country. In this paper, we analyze the impact of borders and opening of borders on acute medical care in hospitals and on patients in border regions.
Methods
We develop a conceptual framework model of cross-border healthcare and apply it to the Polish–German border area. The model combines the distance decay effect, a catchment area analysis, economies of scale and the learning curve.
Results
Borders have a major impact on acute medical care in hospitals and on patients. Setting of new borders will reduce the accessibility of health facilities for patients or require the establishment of new hospitals. Reopening borders might induce a vicious circle leading to the insolvency of a hospital which might result in poorer health for some patients.
Conclusion
Strong effort should be invested to overcome political and cultural borders to improve the health of the population in border regions. Similarly, increased cross-border acute healthcare must be seen in the context of rural health and the special situation of small rural hospitals in rural peripheral areas.
Abstract
This article takes a novel look at the relationship between government activity, partisan preferences and varieties of capitalism. Evidence from panel regressions for 25 EU countries from 1990 to 2014 suggests that there are major divides among European countries in terms of the drivers of government activity, that is, government spending and government regulation. The European divide appears to be even more pronounced between liberal and coordinated economic systems than between the classical geographical divide of east and west, which is typically used in most contributions. While both divides apply to the determinants of government activity in general, a reversal of the classical partisan effect for the east is to be found only in specific cases and, is most likely in government spending in liberal eastern countries.