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Ziel. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, mit Hilfe des Survey of Neonates in Pomerania
(SNiP) einen umfassenden Überblick über die Schwangerenvorsorge in Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern zu geben.
Methode. Analysiert wurden die Daten von 4092 Schwangeren aus den Jahren 2004 bis 2008
des populationsbasierten Survey of Neonates in Pomerania.
Ergebnisse. Die Teilnahmequote an serologischen und sonographischen Screenings lag
zwischen 91 % bis 99 %. Die erste Vorsorgeuntersuchung erfolgte durchschnittlich in der
10. Schwangerschaftswoche (SD = 3.8 Schwangerschaftswochen). 3382 (86.1 %) Frauen
nahmen an mindestens zehn der nach den Mutterschaftsrichtlinien vorgesehenen
Vorsorgeuntersuchungen teil (Standardvorsorge). Bei 547 (13.9 %) Schwangeren erfolgte eine
Vorsorge unter Standard. Signifikante Prädiktoren für eine Unterversorgung waren eine
niedrige mütterliche Schulbildung (relatives Risikoratio [RRR] = 2.5, 95 % CI 1.6 – 3.8), das
mütterliche Alter und die Parität (χ2(6) = 24.923, p < .001). Die Gesundheitsprävention,
gemessen an Supplementeinnahme (Jod: χ2(3) = 125.934, p < .001; Folsäure: χ2(3) = 222.798,
p < .001) und Wahrnehmung schwangerschaftsbegleitender Angebote
(Geburtsvorbereitungskurse, Vorstellung in der Geburtsklinik, χ2(3) = 385.279, p < .001) hing
ebenfalls von der mütterlichen Bildung ab. Negative Einflüsse auf die Schwangerschaft standen
im Zusammenhang zum Einkommen. Das Risiko zu rauchen (OR 0.19, 95 % CI 0.15 – 0.24)
sank ebenso wie der BMI (Coef. = -.83, p < .000) mit der Höhe des Einkommens. Der
Alkoholkonsum dagegen stieg bei höherem Einkommen (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.15 – 1.48) an.
Schlussfolgerungen. Die Schwangerschaftsvorsorge ist in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern gut
etabliert. Dennoch sollten vermehrt präventive Ansätze gerade für jüngere Schwangere und für
diejenigen mit geringerer Schulbildung und niedrigerem Einkommen in den Vordergrund
gerückt werden, um auch hier optimale Bedingungen in der Schwangerschaft, bei der Geburt
und für das künftige Leben des Kindes zu schaffen.
Background. The German maternity guidelines require regular medical checkup (MC) during pregnancy as a measure of prevention. Socioeconomic factors such as education, profession, income and origin, but also age and parity may influence the preventive and health behavior of pregnant women. The aim was to investigate the influence of these factors on the participation rate in MC of pregnant women. Method. The current analysis is based on the prospective population-based birth cohort study Survey of Neonates in Pomerania, which was conducted in Western Pomerania, Germany. The data of 4092 pregnant women from 2004 to 2008 were analyzed regarding the antenatal care and health behavior. Up to 12 MC were regularly offered; participation in 10 MC is defined as standard screening according to maternity guidelines. Results. Women participated in the first preventive MC on average in the 10th (±3.8 SD) week of pregnancy. 1343 (34.2%) women participated in standard screening and 2039 (51.9%) took a screening above standard. 547 (13.92%) women participated in less than the 10 standard MCs. In addition, about one-third of the pregnancies investigated in this study were unplanned. Bivariate analyses showed an association between better antenatal care behavior and higher maternal age, stabile partnerships and mother born in Germany, p < 0.05. On the contrary antenatal care below standard were more often found by women with unplanned pregnancies, less educational women and women with lower equivalent income, p < 0.001. Health behaviors also influenced antenatal care. Whereas the risk of antenatal care below standard increased by smoking during pregnancy (RRR 1.64; 95% CI 1.25, 2.14) and alcohol consumption (RRR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01, 1.69), supplementation intake was associated with decreased risk (iodine—RRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.53, 0.81; folic acid—RRR 0.56; 95% CI 0.44, 0.72). The health behavior of pregnant women also differs according to their social status. Higher maternal income was negatively correlated with smoking during pregnancy (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.15, 0.24), but positively associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.15, 1.48) and lower pre-pregnancy BMI (Coef. = 0.083, p < 0.001). Lower maternal education was positively correlated with smoking during pregnancy (OR 59.0; 95% CI 28.68, 121.23). Conclusions. Prenatal care according to maternity guidelines is well established with a high participation rate in MC during pregnancy of more than 85%. However, targeted preventive measures may address younger age, socioeconomic status and health-damaging behaviors (smoking, drinking) of the pregnant women because these factors were associated with antenatal care below standard.