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Aufgrund steigender Patientenzahlen gewinnt die Palliativmedizin in den Industrienationen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Häufig wünschen die Patienten, in der Häuslichkeit gepflegt zu werden und auch dort zu versterben. Eine Versorgung der Palliativpatienten in der Häuslichkeit ist möglich und muss der Versorgung im Krankenhaus um nichts nachstehen. Die ambulante Versorgung dieser Patienten stößt, gerade in dünn besiedelten Gebieten mit starken strukturassoziierten Veränderungen wie im Landkreis Ostvorpommern, auf Grenzen hinsichtlich regelmäßiger Hausbesuche von medizinischem Personal, insbesondere durch niedergelassene Ärzte. Durch eine randomisierte, prospektive Studie wurde geprüft, ob sich durch eine telemedizinische Intervention mit Hilfe regelmäßiger Telefonanrufe ein Vorteil der Versorgung für diese Patienten ergibt. Außerdem wurde geprüft, ob das Studiendesign durchführbar und machbar war. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie konnte die Patientenzielgruppe erreicht werden. Die Patientenrekrutierung erwies sich als schwierig. Außerdem zeigte sich eine hohe Schmerz- und Symptombelastung der Projektpopulation. Die zusätzlichen Telefonanrufe wurden von den Patienten positiv bewertet. Es konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der Patientengruppe, die regelmäßige Telefonanrufe erhalten hat, und der Gruppe, die nur die übliche palliativmedizinische Betreuung erhalten hat, hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der Schmerzen, der Lebensqualität, der Symptome, der Mobilität, der Aktivität, der Arztbesuche oder der Krankenhausverweildauer zur Base- Line und zur Follow- Up Befragung festgestellt werden. Bei einigen Interventionspatienten konnte eine temporäre Schmerzreduktion nach einer Intervention in Form einer telefonischen Umstellung der Schmerzmedikation erreicht werden. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Patienten, die regelmäßige Telefonanrufe erhalten haben, die Schmerzbedarfsmedikation als Selbstmedikation gezielt einsetzen konnten. Nach heutigem Kenntnisstand ist dies die erste Studie, die den Effekt von regelmäßigen Telefonanrufen zur Betreuung von in der Häuslichkeit gepflegten Palliativpatienten untersucht hat. Eine analoge Studie, durchgeführt bei chronischen Schmerzpatienten, bestätigt diese Ergebnisse. Auch hier erwiesen sich regelmäßige Telefonanrufe als wirkungsvoll, da eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion in der telemedizinisch betreuten Gruppe erreicht werden konnte.
Background
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times when women are at increased risk for depression and mental problems. This may also negatively affect the foetus. Thus, there is a need for interventions with low-threshold access and care. Telemedicine interventions are a promising approach to address these issues. This systematic literature review examined the efficacy of telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and/or new mothers to address mental health-related outcomes. The primary objective was to analyse whether telemedicine interventions can reduce mental health problems in pregnant women and new mothers. The secondary aim was to clarify the impact of type of interventions, their frequency and their targets.
Methods
Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials, with participants being pregnant women and/or new mothers (with infants up to twelve months), involving telemedicine interventions of any kind (e.g. websites, apps, chats, telephone), and addressing any mental health-related outcomes like depression, postnatal depression, anxiety, stress and others. Search terms were pregnant women, new mothers, telemedicine, RCT (randomised controlled trials), mental stress as well as numerous synonyms including medical subject headings. The literature search was conducted within the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Screening, inclusion of records and data extraction were performed by two researchers according to the PRISMA guidelines, using the online tool CADIMA.
Results
Forty four articles were included. A majority (62%) reported significantly improved mental health-related outcomes for participants receiving telemedicine interventions compared to control. In particular (internet-delivered) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy was successful for depression and stress, and peer support improved outcomes for postnatal depression and anxiety. Interventions with preventive approaches and interventions aimed at symptom reduction were largely successful. For the most part there was no significant improvement in the symptoms of anxiety.
Conclusion
Telemedicine interventions evaluated within RCTs were mostly successful. However, they need to be designed to specifically target a certain mental health issue because there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Further research should focus on which specific interventions are appropriate for which mental health outcomes in terms of intervention delivery modes, content, target approaches, etc. Further investigation is needed, in particular with regard to anxiety.
Introduction
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a general lockdown was enacted across Germany in March 2020. As a consequence, patients with mental health conditions received limited or no treatment in day hospitals and outpatient settings. To ensure continuity of care, the necessary technological preparations were made to enable the implementation of telemedical care via telephone or video conferencing, and this option was then used as much as possible. The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfaction and acceptance with telemedical care in a heterogeneous patient group of psychiatric outpatients in Germany during the first COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods
In this observational study, patients in ongoing or newly initiated outpatient psychiatric therapy as well as those who had to be discharged from the day clinic ahead of schedule received telemedical treatment via telephone. Data collection to assess the patients’ and therapists’ satisfaction with and acceptance of the telemedical care was adjusted to the treatment setting.
Results
Of 60 recruited patients, 57 could be included in the analysis. 51.6% of the patients and 52.3% of their therapists reported that the discussion of problems and needs worked just as well over the phone as in face-to-face consultations. In the subgroup of patients who were new to therapy due to being discharged from hospital early, acceptance was higher and telemedicine was rated as equally good in 87.5% of contacts. Both patients and therapists felt that telemedicine care during lockdown was an alternative for usual therapy in the outpatient clinic and that the option of telemedicine care should continue for the duration of the coronavirus pandemic.
Discussion
The results show a clear trend towards satisfaction with and acceptance of telemedicine care in a heterogeneous group of unselected psychiatric patients. Although the number of patients is small, the results indicate that the mostly positive results of telemedicine concepts in research projects can probably be transferred to real healthcare settings.
Conclusions
Telemedicine can be employed in healthcare for psychiatric patients either an alternative treatment option to maintain continuity of care or as a potential addition to regular care.