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In the two present prospective cohort studies we conducted on population-based sample from the North-eastern adult Germans, the following main results were obtained. First, CP had a moderate effect on CVD and all-cause mortality [93]. In further analyses, we investigated the association of CP and mortality considering DM as a mediator in the CP-Mortality association. We did not, however, come up with enough evidence supporting this hypothesis. Furthermore, no substantial evidence was found on our hypothesis suggesting a joint effect of CP and DM on mortality [93]. Second, we studied the causal effect of CP on diabetes incidence or long-term change of Hba1c level using 11-years of follow-up data from SHIP. However, our data did not indicate any independent effect of CP on the incidence of diabetes mellitus after comprehensive confounder adjustment using DAGs. Models that consider baseline periodontal status effect on long term change of Hba1c revealed similar non-significant results [94].