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(1) Background: In Germany, new recommendations for dental examinations of children and the use of fluorides have been introduced. The pediatrician (PA) should refer the patient to the dentist for dental examinations and check-ups (DEs) from the sixth month of age. Therefore, our aim was to determine with a questionnaire the extent to which PAs find DE useful, make referrals for DE and recommend fluoride. (2) Methods: The nationwide empirical survey was conducted with a self-developed and validated standardized online questionnaire. In addition to personal information, 16 items were collected. Agreement with the items was recorded using Likert scales. The data were primarily analysed descriptively. (3) Results: 696 PAs participated in the survey (age: 51.7 (8.4) years, women/men: 428/286 (61.5/38.5%). A total of 11% of PAs found referral by eruption of first tooth very important (important/neutral/unimportant: 13.8/32/43.2%), compared to 70% for complete deciduous teeth (21.3/7.3/1.4%). A total of 48.8% of PAs always recommended fluoridated toothpaste from the first tooth (often/occasionally/rarely/never: 18.3/7.8/8/17.1%) and 50.6% completely refused to recommend fluoride-free toothpaste (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 9.8/9/14.7/15.9%). A total of 44.8% never recommended the use of fluoridated toothpaste if the child cannot yet spit (always/often/occasionally/rarely: 19.2/13.9/7.8/14.3%). (4) Conclusions: Among PAs, referral to DEs was increasingly implemented as children grew older. Specific fluoride recommendations were accepted.
Ziel: Das richtige Zähneputzen ist für Kinder ein komplizierter Prozess. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, die Wirkung des häuslichen, differenziellen Lernens zur Verbesserung des Zähneputzens zu untersuchen.
Methoden: In dieser prospektiven, kontrollierten, einfach verblindeten, randomisierten klinischen Studie wurden 44 Kinder (Alter: 5,6 ± 1,6 Jahre; 24 weiblich, Baseline QHI [Quigley-Hein-Index] > 3, PBI [Papillenblutungsindex] > 0,3, mittlerer dmft = 9 bzw. DMFT = 1,6) zufällig einer Test- und einer Kontrollgruppe (jede Gruppe n = 22) zugeteilt, indem das Kind selbst einen unbeschrifteten Umschlag aus einer Kiste zog. Alle Kinder erhielten die Anweisungen und Informationen zur Mundhygiene in diesen verschlossenen Umschlägen und wurden aufgefordert, diese Anweisungen zu Hause zu befolgen. Lediglich die Kinder der Testgruppe erhielten Instruktionen mit Übungen nach der Methodik des differenziellen Lernens, während die Kinder der Kontrollgruppe Instruktionen zum Putzen nach der KAI-Putztechnik erhielten. Bei Studienbeginn und Follow-ups nach 4 und 12 Wochen wurden Plaque- und Gingivaindizes (QHI, PBI) in beiden Gruppen durch 2 kalibrierte und verblindete Untersucher (L.L. und M.K.) erhoben.
Ergebnisse: Zu Studienbeginn gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der Test- und der Kontrollgruppe in Bezug auf Plaque- und Gingivaindizes (QHI: 4,2 ± 0,5 und 4,2 ± 0,5; p = 0,9; PBI: 0,7 ± 0,4 und 0,6 ± 0,2; p = 0,8). Bei den Follow-ups nach 4 und 12 Wochen zeigten beide Gruppen bessere Mundgesundheitsindizes, die Testgruppe aber insgesamt deutlicher. Der Unterschied bei den Plaqueindizes verfehlte knapp die statistische Signifikanz (4-Wochen-Recall; QHI/Test: 2,1 ± 0,9; Kontrolle: 2,6 ± 0,9; p = 0,1). Dagegen zeigte sich im 4-Wochen-Recall bereits ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich der Gingivaindizes (PBI/Test: 0,1 ± 0,2 vs. Kontrolle: 0,4 ± 0,2; p <0,001). Beim 12-Wochen-Recall zeigte die Testgruppe statistisch signifikante und klinisch relevante bessere Mundgesundheitsindizes als die Kontrollgruppe (12-Wochen-Recall, QHI/Test: 1,9 ± 0,8 vs. Kontrolle: 3,3 ± 0,9; p <0,001; PBI/Test: 0,1 ± 0,1 vs. Kontrolle: 0,5 ± 0,2; p <0,001).
Schlussfolgerungen: Schlussfolgernd kann festgestellt werden, dass das differenzielle Lernen auch bei Kindern mit hohem Kariesrisiko und initial schlechter Mundhygiene zu Mundhygieneverbesserungen führt, die der konventionellen Lernmethode durch Wiederholung mittelfristig überlegen ist.
To assess whether the treatment of children with oral midazolam and pediatric hypnosis techniques can improve the compliance in consecutive sessions, a retrospective longitudinal practice-based observational study was designed and carried out. A total of 311 children between 3 and 12 years of age were treated under hypnosis and sedation with midazolam (0.40 mg/kg body weight). Treatments were performed in one to a maximum of three sessions. A total of 183 children received one, 103 received two and 25 children received three treatment sessions. The behavior of the children during the sessions was examined by means of the Venham score. The self-evaluation of the children was based on the Wong–Baker Scale. Child behavior using midazolam and hypnosis techniques showed little difference and good compliance between the sessions. Venham scores did not increase significantly regarding total treatment from the first (0.99 ± 1.41) to the second (1.17 ± 1.39) and to the third session (1.27 ± 1.20) (p > 0.05). However, considering the highest Venham scores that occurred in each case, the behavior of the children worsened significantly (p < 0.01) during the three treatment sessions, from 1.37 ± 1.31 (first) to 1.87 ± 1.74 (second) to 2.32 ± 1.33 (third). In 6.11% of the children, treatment was discontinued in the first session (n = 19), 0.96% in the second (n = 3) and 0% in the third. Treatment with low-dose midazolam, combined with hypnosis techniques, showed to be an effective option for dental treatment in children. Within the limitations of the current study, and with consideration of highest possible compliance, no more than two treatment sessions for pediatric dental treatment should be performed.
The European Organisation for Caries Research education platform 2020 had the aim to assess the undergraduate curriculum in cariology in Asian and Arabian countries in order to support structured teaching of cariology in these countries with about almost half of the global population. Representatives of 4 Asian and 4 Arabian countries completed a comprehensive questionnaire on structure of dental education in their country in general and the extent, the content, the responsibilities, structure and standardization regarding cariology in particular. In spite of a wide range from very few universities (Lebanon 3) to larger numbers of dental schools (India 313, China 121, Russia 52) there were similar statements on the list of content for cariology teaching. Often the catalogue was close to the Undergraduate Core Curriculum in Cariology (UCCC) covering most of the 5 domains from basic science to dental public health, but a national curriculum for cariology or dentistry was mostly missing. With various departments being involved, a need of coordination is obvious. Most representatives thought it possible and feasible to teach a standardized curriculum in cariology on the basis of the UCCC. In conclusion, many Arabian and Asian countries have implemented modern, evidence-based curricula in their universities, but an obligatory national curriculum in cariology would be advisable to standardize the quality in teaching.