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Abstract
Saliva is an attractive sampling matrix for measuring various endogenous and exogeneous substances but requires sample treatment prior to chromatographic analysis. Exploiting supercritical CO2 for both extraction and chromatography simplifies sample preparation, reduces organic solvent consumption, and minimizes exposure to potentially infectious samples, but has not yet been applied to oral fluid. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of online supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography and single‐quadrupole mass spectrometry for monitoring the model salivary tracer caffeine. A comparison of 13C‐ and 32S‐labeled internal standards with external standard calibration confirmed the superiority of stable isotope‐labeled caffeine over nonanalogous internal standards. As proof of concept, the validated method was applied to saliva from a magnetic resonance imaging study of gastric emptying. After administration of 35 mg caffeine via ice capsule, salivary levels correlated with magnetic resonance imaging data, corroborating caffeine's usefulness as tracer of gastric emptying (R2 = 0.945). In contrast to off‐line methods, online quantification required only minute amounts of organic solvents and a single manual operation prior to online bioanalysis of saliva, thus demonstrating the usefulness of CO2‐based extraction and separation techniques for potentially infective biomatrices.
Introduction: Adiposity and excessive weight are on the rise in western industrialized countries. In cases where conservative measures fail and surgical interventions are not (yet) desired, gastric balloon therapy has proven to be a safe and reversible endoscopic method. Methods: Aside from weight progression under gastric balloon therapy and by using MRI, our research paper describes the behavior of different abdominal body fat compartments at the beginning and at the end of the gastric balloon therapy. Additionally, the volume of the left liver lobe as well as the fill volume and performance of the gastric balloon were analyzed over the duration of treatment. For assessing potential impacts of weight reduction on the muscle mass, we determined the area of the m. psoas on a comparable cross-sectional area at the beginning and at the end of the therapy. Results: We were able to verify a significant reduction of the layer of subcutaneous fat, adipose capsule of the kidney, and intra-abdominal fatty tissue during the therapy. The volume of the left liver lobe was shrinking in addition to a muscle loss during the balloon therapy. The volume of the gastric balloon remained stable (not hyperinflation). There were variable gas bubbles in the gastric balloon. Conclusion: The gastric balloon is a temporary and successful option for weight reduction by reducing body fat, liver volume, but also muscle mass.
An aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is a rare cutaneous soft-tissue tumour which accounts for approximately 0.06% of all dermatopathologies. Metastasis is exceedingly uncommon, to the point that there have only been eight reported cases in the scientific literature. We present the case of a 25-year-old male with a primary aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma located in the nuchal region which exhibited rapid growth and abrupt ulceration over a short time span and showed signs of locoregional aggressive infiltration. A subsequent histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of diffuse solid and cystic pulmonary metastases. Further genetic sequencing verified LAMTOR1-PRKCD fusion. This case report seeks to review the existing literature on aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma, discuss the challenges of differential diagnosis and propose standardised diagnostic criteria.