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The aim of the present study was to construct a biological age score reflecting one’s physiologic capability and aging condition with respect to tooth loss over 10 y. From the follow-up to the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (i.e., SHIP-2), 2,049 participants were studied for their baseline biomarker measures 10 y before (i.e., in SHIP-0). Metabolic and periodontal data were regressed onto chronological age to construct a score designated as “biological age.” For either sex separately, the impact of this individualized score was used to predict tooth loss in the follow-up cohort in comparison with each participant’s chronological age. Outcome data after 10 y with respect to tooth loss, periodontitis, obesity, and inflammation were shown to be better for biologically younger subjects than as expected by their chronological age, whereas for the older subjects, data were worse. Especially for tooth loss, a striking increase was observed in subjects whose biological age at baseline appeared to be higher than their chronological age. Biological age produced significantly better tooth loss predictions than chronological age (P < 0.001). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for tooth loss of ≥3 teeth in men during follow-up were 0.811 and 0.745 for biological and chronological age, respectively. For women, these figures were 0.788 and 0.724. For total tooth loss, areas under the curve were 0.890 and 0.749 in men and 0.872 and 0.752 in women. Biological age combines various measures into a single score and allows identifying individuals at increased risk of tooth loss.
Over the last years, there has been a resurge in the interest to study the relationship between interoception and emotion. By now, it is well established that interoception contributes to the experience of emotions. However, it may also be possible that interoception contributes to the regulation of emotions. To test this possibility, we studied the relationship between interoception and emotion regulation in a sample of healthy individuals (n = 84). We used a similar heartbeat detection task and a similar self-report questionnaire for the assessment of interoceptive accuracy and emotion regulation as in previous studies. In contrast to previous studies, we differentiated between male and female individuals in our analyses and controlled our analyses for individual characteristics that may affect the relationship between interoceptive accuracy and emotion regulation. We found sex-differences in interoceptive accuracy and emotion regulation that amounted to a sex-specific relationship between interoceptive accuracy and emotion regulation: Whereas interoceptive accuracy was related to reappraisal but not to suppression in male individuals, interoceptive accuracy was unrelated to reappraisal and suppression in female individuals. These findings indicate that the relationship between interoception and emotion regulation is far more complex than has been suggested by previous findings. However, these findings nonetheless support the view that interoception is essential for both, the regulation and experience of emotions.