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Background: It has not been investigated whether there are associations between urinary iodine (UI) excretion measurements some years apart, nor whether such an association remains after adjustment for nutritional habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between iodine-creatinine ratio (ICR) at two measuring points 5 years apart. Methods: Data from 2,659 individuals from the Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed. Analysis of covariance and Poisson regressions were used to associate baseline with follow-up ICR. Results: Baseline ICR was associated with follow-up ICR. Particularly, baseline ICR >300 µg/g was related to an ICR >300 µg/g at follow-up (relative risk, RR: 2.20; p < 0.001). The association was stronger in males (RR: 2.64; p < 0.001) than in females (RR: 1.64; p = 0.007). In contrast, baseline ICR <100 µg/g was only associated with an ICR <100 µg/g at follow-up in males when considering unadjusted ICR. Conclusions: We detected only a weak correlation with respect to low ICR. Studies assessing iodine status in a population should take into account that an individual with a low UI excretion in one measurement is not necessarily permanently iodine deficient. On the other hand, current high ICR could have been predicted by high ICR 5 years ago.
Scope
Previous work identified three metabolically homogeneous subgroups of individuals (“metabotypes”) using k‐means cluster analysis based on fasting serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose. The aim is to reproduce these findings and describe metabotype groups by dietary habits and by incident disease occurrence.
Methods and results
1744 participants from the KORA F4 study and 2221 participants from the KORA FF4 study are assigned to the three metabotype clusters previously identified by minimizing the Euclidean distances. In both KORA studies, the assignment of participants results in three metabolically distinct clusters, with cluster 3 representing the group of participants with the most unfavorable metabolic characteristics. Individuals of cluster 3 are further characterized by the highest incident disease occurrence during follow‐up; they also reveal the most unfavorable diet with significantly lowest intakes of vegetables, dairy products, and fibers, and highest intakes of total, red, and processed meat.
Conclusion
The three metabotypes originally identified in an Irish population are successfully reproduced. In addition to this validation approach, the observed differences in disease incidence across metabotypes represent an important new finding that strongly supports the metabotyping approach as a tool for risk stratification.