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Hintergrund:
Kardiovaskuläre Präventionsleitlinien empfehlen unterschiedliche Instrumente zur kardiovaskulären 10-Jahres-Risikobestimmung. In der hausärztlichen Praxis wird dafür häufig das arriba-Instrument verwendet und durch die Leitlinie „Hausärztliche Risikoberatung zur kardiovaskulären Prävention“ empfohlen. Ziel der Studie ist die Validierung der arriba-Risikoprädiktion auf Basis von Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsdaten der bevölkerungsbasierten Study of Health in Pomerania.
Methoden:
In einer retrospektiven Längsschnittanalyse wurde für Probanden ohne vorheriges kardiovaskuläres Ereignis das kardiovaskuläre 10-Jahres-Gesamtrisiko (Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall) zur Basisuntersuchung mit dem arriba-, SCORE-Deutschland- und PROCAM-Algorithmus (Myokardinfarkt) berechnet. Aus Daten der Folgeuntersuchungen wurden kardiovaskuläre Ereignisraten ermittelt und Diskriminierungs- und Kalibrierungsmaße für die Risikobestimmungsinstrumente berechnet.
Ergebnisse:
In die Analyse wurden 2277 Proband:innen (Durchschnittsalter 53 ± 13 Jahre, 50% Männer) eingeschlossen. Nach durchschnittlich 10,2 Jahren betrug die kardiovaskuläre Ereignisrate 8,6% (196/2277). Das Verhältnis aus prädizierter und beobachteter Ereignisrate betrug für Proband:innen mit niedrigem, mittlerem und hohem kardiovaskulären Risiko 0,8, 1,5 und 1,3. Arriba unterschätzte bei Frauen und überschätzte in den Altersgruppen 30-44 und 45-59 Jahren die kardiovaskulären Ereignisraten.
Schlussfolgerung:
Diskriminierungswerte für das arriba-Instrument sind mit SCORE-Deutschland und PROCAM vergleichbar, eine individuelle Anpassung an die Zielpopulation ist jedoch nötig.
Our study examined whether potentially critical indications from depression questionnaires, interviews, and single items on suicidal ideation among partici-pants in a large prospective population-based study are related to short-term sui-cides within one year. For this purpose, we studied the association between (a) the severity of depressive symptoms according to the M-CIDI and the PHQ-9, BDI-II, and CID-S depression screening and (b) elevated scores on single sui-cidal ideation items and mortality according to claims databases.
In the baseline cohort, the frequency of depressive symptoms measured by CID-S was 12.90% (SHIP-START-0). The frequency for “Moderate” to “Severe de-pression” measured by the PHQ-9 (≥ 10 points) and BDI-II (≥ 20 points) ques-tionnaires ranged from 5.40% (SHIP-LEGENDE) to 8.80% (SHIP-TREND Morbid-ity follow-up). The 1-month prevalence of unipolar depression, measured by the M-CIDI in SHIP LEGENDE, was 2.31%.
Between 5.90% (SHIP-TREND Morbidity follow-up) and 6.60% (SHIP-LEGENDE) of respondents showed a certain degree of suicidal ideation in the two weeks preceding the assessment, according to BDI-II and PHQ-9.
Our results show the high frequency of depressive symptoms in the study region, with women being affected more frequently than men, especially in the higher categories. Furthermore, women were more frequently affected by suicidal idea-tion, although this difference was not evident in the highest categories.
There was one potential suicide in the year after a SHIP examination.
From our results, we cannot conclude that severe self-reported symptoms from depression questionnaires should be reported back to participants of an obser-vational population-based study to prevent suicide deaths within one year.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte ein direkter Head-to-Head-Vergleich von ausgewählten Assessmentinstrumenten zur Ergebniserfassung von Heilverfahren bei Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen am Beispielkollektiv von Patienten mit traumatisch bedingter Fraktur eines Wirbels beziehungsweise zweier benachbarter Wirbel.
Die Studie war als prospektive, multizentrische Beobachtungsstudie über zwei Erhebungszeitpunkte konzipiert. Die Datenerhebung fand im Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin und in der BG-Unfallklinik Duisburg statt.
Die Patienten erhielten ein Fragebogenset, welches neben dem Indexinstrument EQ-5D als weitere Vertreter generischer Instrumente den SF-36 und das NHP sowie die spezifischen Instrumente FFbH-R, ODQ und RMDQ enthielt.
Um die geeignetste Methodik für Fragestellungen der rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen Forschung zu eruieren, aber auch Empfehlungen für die Auswahl von zur Routinedokumentation tauglichen Instrumenten zu generieren, wurden die genannten Instrumente hinsichtlich ihrer psychometrischen Eigenschaften analysiert. Betrachtet wurden hierbei die Verteilungseigenschaften (% Boden- und Deckeneffekte), die Praktikabilität (% fehlende Werte auf Skalenebene), die Änderungssensitivität anhand von t-Tests für gepaarte Stichproben und Effektgrößemaßen (standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenz, Effektgröße), die Reliabilität (Cronbach-Alpha) und die kriterienbezogene Validität mittels der Analyse der Pearson-Korrelationen.
Alle untersuchten spezifischen Fragebogen (FFbH-R, ODQ, RMDQ) sind zur Erfassung von patientenberichteten Outcomeparametern bei Wirbelkörperfrakturen geeignet und zeichnen ein ähnliches Bild der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität. Alle Instrumente sind in deutscher Sprache validiert, praktikabel und bilden Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf ab. Gleichwohl keines der Instrumente als allgemein überlegen erschien, kristallisierte sich der FFbH-R als besonders vorteilhaft raus. Hohe Praktikabilität sowohl für Probanden als auch für Anwender lassen ein breites Anwendungsspektrum zu.
Alle untersuchten generischen Instrumente (SF-36, NHP, EQ-5D) sind ebenfalls prinzipiell zur Erfassung des Gesundheitsstatus geeignet, wobei jedoch die analysierten Kennwerte hinter denen der spezifischen Instrumente zurückbleiben. Sie erfüllen die Standards der international geforderten Gütekriterien psychometrischer Methodik. Anhand der vorliegenden Analysen erscheint der SF-36 als günstigere Option eines Profilinstrumentes vor dem NHP. Der EQ-5D als einzig eingesetztes Indexinstrument zeigte kontinuierlich positive Eigenschaften.
Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität als ein derart komplexes Konstrukt ist nicht mittels eines einzelnen Maßes allumfassend zu beschreiben. Es gilt abhängig vom Untersuchungsziel ein Instrumentarium auszuwählen, welches sowohl den Gesundheitsstatus hinreichend operationalisiert als sich auch nach den praktischen Aspekten der geplanten Datenerhebung ausrichtet.
Eine Kombination verschiedener Instrumente ist erfolgversprechend. Für gesundheitsökonomische Analysen ist der Einsatz eines präferenzbasierten Indexinstrumentes unerlässlich. In der Bearbeitung verletzungsübergreifender Fragestellungen eignet sich ein generisches Instrument. Sobald das Patientenkollektiv hinsichtlich des Beschwerdebildes vergleichbar ist, sollte unweigerlich zusätzlich ein spezifisches Instrument eingesetzt werden.
Background: Fatigue, dyspnea, and lack of energy and concentration are commonly interpreted as indicative of symptomatic anemia and may thus play a role in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Objective: To investigate the association between symptoms commonly attributed to anemia and the actual presence of anemia. Methods: Data from two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were analyzed. Interview data, laboratory data, and physical examination were individually linked with claims data from the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. A complete case analysis using logistic regression models was performed to evaluate the association of anemia with symptoms commonly attributed to anemia. The models were adjusted for confounders such as depression, medication, insomnia, and other medical conditions. Results: A total of 5979 participants (53% female, median age 55) were included in the analysis. Of those, 30% reported fatigue, 16% reported lack of energy, 16% reported lack of concentration, and 29% reported dyspnea and/or weakness. Anemia was prevalent in about 6% (379). The symptoms were more prevalent in participants with anemia. However, participants with anemia were older and had a poorer health status. There was no association in multivariate logistic regression models between the symptoms fatigue, lack of concentration, dyspnea, and/or weakness and anemia. Anemia was associated (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.13–1.86) with lack of energy in the multivariate analysis. Other factors such as depression, insomnia, and medication were more strongly associated with the symptoms. Conclusion: The clinical symptoms commonly attributed to anemia are unspecific and highly prevalent both in non-anemic and anemic persons. Even in the presence of anemia, other diagnoses should be considered as causes such as depression, heart failure, asthma, and COPD, which are more closely associated with the symptoms. Further diagnostic research is warranted to explore the association of symptoms in different subgroups and settings in order to help clinical decision making.
Background
Elective surgeries are among the most common health stressors in later life and put a significant risk at functional and mental health, making them an important target of research into healthy aging and physical resilience. Large-scale longitudinal research mostly conducted in non-clinical samples provided support of the predictive value of self-rated health (SRH) for both functional and mental health. Thus, SRH may have the potential to predict favorable adaptation processes after significant health stressors, that is, physical resilience. So far, a study examining the interplay between SRH, functional and mental health and their relative importance for health changes in the context of health stressors was missing. The present study aimed at addressing this gap.
Methods
We used prospective data of 1,580 inpatients (794 complete cases) aged 70 years or older of the PAWEL study, collected between October 2017 and May 2019 in Germany. Our analyses were based on SRH, functional health (Barthel Index) and self-reported mental health problems (PHQ-4) before and 12 months after major elective surgery. To examine changes and interrelationships in these health indicators, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were applied.
Results
Our analyses provided evidence for improvements of SRH, functional and mental health from pre-to-post surgery. BLCS models based on complete cases and the total sample pointed to a complex interplay of SRH, functional health and mental health with bidirectional coupling effects. Better pre-surgery SRH was associated with improvements in functional and mental health, and better pre-surgery functional health and mental health were associated with improvements in SRH from pre-to-post surgery. Effects of pre-surgery SRH on changes in functional health were smaller than those of functional health on changes in SRH.
Conclusions
Meaningful changes of SRH, functional and mental health and their interplay could be depicted for the first time in a clinical setting. Our findings provide preliminary support for SRH as a physical resilience factor being associated with improvements in other health indicators after health stressors. Longitudinal studies with more timepoints are needed to fully understand the predictive value of SRH for multidimensional health.
Trial registration
PAWEL study, German Clinical Trials Register, number DRKS00013311. Registered 10 November 2017 – Retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013311.
Guidelines and Standard Frameworks for AI in Medicine: Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review
(2023)
Background: Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are pervasive in modern biomedical science. In fact, research results suggesting algorithms and AI models for different target diseases and conditions are continuously increasing. While this situation undoubtedly improves the outcome of AI models, health care providers are increasingly unsure which AI model to use due to multiple alternatives for a specific target and the “black box” nature of AI. Moreover, the fact that studies rarely use guidelines in developing and reporting AI models poses additional challenges in trusting and adapting models for practical implementation.
Objective: This review protocol describes the planned steps and methods for a review of the synthesized evidence regarding the quality of available guidelines and frameworks to facilitate AI applications in medicine.
Methods: We will commence a systematic literature search using medical subject headings terms for medicine, guidelines, and machine learning (ML). All available guidelines, standard frameworks, best practices, checklists, and recommendations will be included, irrespective of the study design. The search will be conducted on web-based repositories such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the EQUATOR (Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research) network. After removing duplicate results, a preliminary scan for titles will be done by 2 reviewers. After the first scan, the reviewers will rescan the selected literature for abstract review, and any incongruities about whether to include the article for full-text review or not will be resolved by the third and fourth reviewer based on the predefined criteria. A Google Scholar (Google LLC) search will also be performed to identify gray literature. The quality of identified guidelines will be evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. A descriptive summary and narrative synthesis will be carried out, and the details of critical appraisal and subgroup synthesis findings will be presented.
Results: The results will be reported using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. Data analysis is currently underway, and we anticipate finalizing the review by November 2023.
Conclusions: Guidelines and recommended frameworks for developing, reporting, and implementing AI studies have been developed by different experts to facilitate the reliable assessment of validity and consistent interpretation of ML models for medical applications. We postulate that a guideline supports the assessment of an ML model only if the quality and reliability of the guideline are high. Assessing the quality and aspects of available guidelines, recommendations, checklists, and frameworks—as will be done in the proposed review—will provide comprehensive insights into current gaps and help to formulate future research directions.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/47105
Background: Thorough data stewardship is a key enabler of comprehensive health research. Processes such as data collection, storage, access, sharing, and analytics require researchers to follow elaborate data management strategies properly and consistently. Studies have shown that findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data leads to improved data sharing in different scientific domains.
Objective: This scoping review identifies and discusses concepts, approaches, implementation experiences, and lessons learned in FAIR initiatives in health research data.
Methods: The Arksey and O’Malley stage-based methodological framework for scoping reviews was applied. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to access relevant publications. Articles written in English, published between 2014 and 2020, and addressing FAIR concepts or practices in the health domain were included. The 3 data sources were deduplicated using a reference management software. In total, 2 independent authors reviewed the eligibility of each article based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A charting tool was used to extract information from the full-text papers. The results were reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.
Results: A total of 2.18% (34/1561) of the screened articles were included in the final review. The authors reported FAIRification approaches, which include interpolation, inclusion of comprehensive data dictionaries, repository design, semantic interoperability, ontologies, data quality, linked data, and requirement gathering for FAIRification tools. Challenges and mitigation strategies associated with FAIRification, such as high setup costs, data politics, technical and administrative issues, privacy concerns, and difficulties encountered in sharing health data despite its sensitive nature were also reported. We found various workflows, tools, and infrastructures designed by different groups worldwide to facilitate the FAIRification of health research data. We also uncovered a wide range of problems and questions that researchers are trying to address by using the different workflows, tools, and infrastructures. Although the concept of FAIR data stewardship in the health research domain is relatively new, almost all continents have been reached by at least one network trying to achieve health data FAIRness. Documented outcomes of FAIRification efforts include peer-reviewed publications, improved data sharing, facilitated data reuse, return on investment, and new treatments. Successful FAIRification of data has informed the management and prognosis of various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases. Efforts to FAIRify data on a wider variety of diseases have been ongoing since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions: This work summarises projects, tools, and workflows for the FAIRification of health research data. The comprehensive review shows that implementing the FAIR concept in health data stewardship carries the promise of improved research data management and transparency in the era of big data and open research publishing.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/22505
An already existing shortage of nurses was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactive (former) nurses were regarded as a so-called silent reserve and were called upon by various agencies to volunteer for nursing. The question arose as to what factors might encourage or hinder such volunteering and facilitate deployment.
First, inactive nurses were asked via an online survey whether they had registered for deployment or not and what the reasons were for this decision. Further information on professional background was collected, including the reason for having left the profession in the first place. Based on the results of the online survey, focus group discussions were conducted with registered and unregistered inactive nurses, with nurses who had returned to the profession permanently, and with care home managers.
Only one third of the participants in the online survey said they had registered for a temporary assignment during the pandemic. The main reasons for registering were that inactive nurses ‘wanted to do their bit’ to manage the crisis, felt it was their duty and/or felt a sense of belonging to the nursing profession. The main reasons given for not having registered was that respondents ‘could not see a reason at the moment’, had health concerns, and ‘other relevant job commitments’. The majority of respondents still had jobs related to health, care or nursing.
The topics covered in the focus group discussions included the following: perception of the pandemic as a crisis, identity as a nurse and sense of professional commitment, role of current occupation in the decision to register, winning over inactive nurses with a very negative attitude towards returning to care during a crisis situation, support measures and offers regarding a deployment in nursing.
Both in the online survey and in the focus group discussions, a sense of belonging to the nursing profession was evident among many participants. However, this identity does not necessarily lead to a willingness to return to nursing during a crisis situation. Weighing up the risk of deployment against the positive or negative experiences gained during the active period can influence willingness. However, the possibility of taking a break from current work and returning to nursing at short notice is not always given. Many inactive nurses continue to work in the health sector and fulfil equally important tasks during a crisis situation which render them unavailable for deployment.
Different kinds of support for those willing to return to nursing during a crisis situation and communication on conditions of deployments need to be implemented and continuously improved to offer the inactive nurses the greatest possible security and to enable a largely unbureaucratic deployment.
Unsere Studie hat das Ziel mithilfe MRT-basierter manueller Segmentierungen der Milz und deren volumetrischen Daten einen Referenzbereich für die Milzgröße zu etablieren. Zudem wurden ausgewählte Parameter erfasst, die potenziell mit einem vergrößertem oder verkleinertem Milzvolumen assoziiert sein könnten. Auf Grundlage der populationsbasierten Kohortenstudie Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) wurden von 1106 Probanden volumetrische Daten in der diffusionsgewichteten Sequenz (b-Wert 50 s/mm2) der Milz generiert.
Der Referenzbereich der Milz reichte in einer milzgesunden Referenzpopulation (592 Probanden, 59,46 % Frauen, 40,54 % Männer) von 82,4 ml bis 346,3 ml (Frauen 79,8 ml - 306,3 ml, Männer 111,6 ml - 363,7 ml). In der Gesamtpopulation wiesen 92,4 % aller Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer eine Milzgröße im Referenzbereich auf. Eine vergrößerte Milz war bei 4,1 % und eine verkleinerte Milz bei 3,5 % der Studienteilnehmer zu beobachten. Das interpolierte Milzvolumen der Gesamtpopulation betrug im Mittelwert 193.7 ± 80.4 ml.
Es zeigte sich, dass sich das mediane Milzvolumen mit zunehmendem Lebensalter verringerte und dass Frauen gegenüber Männern ein kleineres Milzvolumen aufwiesen. Studienteilnehmer mit niedrigem Bildungsstand wiesen eine größere Milz im Vergleich zu besser gebildeten Personen auf. Aktuelle Raucher hatten im Median eine kleinere Milz als Nichtraucher. Anthropometrische Parameter hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Milzvolumen: Höhere Milzvolumina lagen vor bei zunehmender Körpergröße, zunehmendem Körpergewicht, BMI und Taillenumfang. Die Blutglukose-, Erythrozyten- und Hämoglobinwerte waren positiv mit dem Milzvolumen assoziiert. Probanden mit bekanntem Diabetes wiesen im Median eine größere Milz gegenüber Probanden ohne bekannten Diabetes auf. MCV, MCH, Thrombozytenzahl, Fibrinogen und Leukozyten waren mit einer Milzverkleinerung assoziiert. Mit zunehmendem hs- CRP sowie zunehmender ALAT und ASAT fanden sich größere Milzvolumina. Dabei zeigten Thrombozytenzahl und MCV die stärksten inversen Assoziationen mit dem Milzvolumen, wohingegen der Taillenumfang und das Körpergewicht die stärkste positive Assoziation mit dem Milzvolumen aufwiesen.
Diese Ergebnisse zeigen auf, die „4711“-Regel zu überdenken und die neuen Erkenntnisse der potenziellen Einflussfaktoren auf die Milzvergrößerung und -verkleinerung in den klinischen Alltag zu integrieren. In nachfolgenden Segmentierungsverfahren sollten eine Optimierung der Bildqualität und eine Minimierung der Schichtdicke vorgenommen werden.
Hintergrund
Die chronische Nierenkrankheit (CKD) ist eine häufige Erkrankung, insbesondere im höheren Alter. Um der Progression der Erkrankung und deren Komplikationen vorzubeugen, ist eine leitliniengerechte ambulante Versorgung von Patient:innen mit CKD anzustreben. Zur Messung und Bewertung der Versorgungsqualität können Qualitätsindikatoren (QI) genutzt werden. In Deutschland existieren bisher keine QI für CKD. Ziel der Arbeit war die Entwicklung von QI für die Qualitätsüberprüfung der ambulanten Versorgung von Patient:innen über 70 Jahren mit nichtdialysepflichtiger CKD.
Material und Methoden
Auf Grundlage der nationalen S3-Leitlinie CKD und eines Reviews internationaler QI wurde eine Liste von QI erstellt. Die ausgewählten QI wurden in 2 Sets eingeteilt: basierend auf Routinedaten (z. B. Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkassen) und auf Datenerhebung in der Praxis (Chart-Review). Expert:innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen sowie ein Patient:innenvertreter bewerteten diese in einem Delphi-Verfahren mit 2‑stufiger Onlinebefragung im Oktober 2021 und Januar 2022 und abschließender Konsensuskonferenz im März 2022. Zusätzlich wurden Ranglisten der wichtigsten QI von jedem Set erstellt.
Ergebnisse
Ein Inzidenz- und ein Prävalenzindikator wurden a priori festgelegt und standen nicht zur Abstimmung. Weitere 21 QI standen zur Abstimmung durch die Expert:innen. Für jedes QI-Set wurden die 7 wichtigsten Indikatoren ausgewählt. Nur 1 QI wurde von dem Expert:innenpanel für den zusätzlichen Einsatz bei Erwachsenen unter 70 Jahren als nicht geeignet eingestuft.
Diskussion
Die QI sollen es ermöglichen, die Qualität der ambulanten Versorgung von Patient:innen mit CKD zu untersuchen, mit dem Ziel, die leitlinienkonforme ambulante Versorgung zu optimieren.
The association between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(2023)
The relation between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) in children and adolescents is currently unclear. Cross-sectional data from the German Health
Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Baseline) was analyzed
to assess the association between thyroid function biomarkers and ADHD in a population-based,
nationally representative sample. The study cohort included 11,588 children and adolescents with
572 and 559 having an ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, respectively. ADHD symptoms were assessed
through the Inattention/Hyperactivity subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. ADHD
diagnosis was determined by a physician or psychologist. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined enzymatically.
Adjusted regression models were used to relate serum TSH, fT3, and fT4 with risk for ADHD diagnosis
or symptoms. In children, a 1 mIU/l higher TSH was related to a 10% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.90;
95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.00) of ADHD diagnosis. We found a significant positive association
between fT3 and continuously assessed ADHD symptoms in children (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.03–0.14).
Our results suggest that physical maturity may influence the association between thyroid function
biomarkers and risk for ADHD.
This dynamic cohort was established to evaluate the targeted individual promotion of children affected by developmental risks as part of the German federal state law for child day-care and preschools in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The project has been conducted in preschools in regions with a low socio-economic profile since 2011. Since 2017, the revision of the standardized Dortmund Developmental Screening for Preschools (DESK 3–6 R) has been applied. Developmental risks of 3 to 6-year-old children in the domains of motor, linguistic, cognitive and social competencies are monitored. The cohort is followed up annually. In 2020, n = 7,678 children from n = 152 preschools participated. At the baseline (2017), n = 8,439 children participated. Due to the defined age range of this screening, 3,000 to 4,000 5-6-year-old children leave the cohort annually. Simultaneously, an approximately equal number of 3-year-old children enters the cohort per survey wave. N = 702 children participated in all 4 survey waves. On the basis of DESK 3–6 R scores available from survey waves 2017 to 2019 it is possible to compute expected values for the survey wave 2020 and to compare those with the measured values to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. parental home care due to restrictions related to COVID-19).
Hintergrund
Zu Beginn des Covid-19-Pandemiegeschehens wurde die ambulante Patientenversorgung deutschlandweit vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. Insbesondere die mangelnde Verfügbarkeit von Schutzausrüstung und eine vermutete Überforderung des ambulanten und stationären Sektors machten die Entwicklung alternativer Versorgungsmodelle notwendig.
Auf Aufforderung der Landesregierung wurde von der Universitätsmedizin Greifswald eine sogenannte Fieberambulanz für Patienten mit möglichen Symptomen einer Covid-19-Infektion eingerichtet, die nicht telefonisch abgeklärt werden konnten.
Methoden
Es handelt sich um eine Mixed-Methods-Studie.
Im quantitativen Teil der Studie erfolgten die Auswertung des Konsultationsanlasses, der Symptome sowie Beratungsergebnisse mit einem selbst entwickelten Fragebogen. Einnahmen und Ausgaben der Fieberambulanz wurden erfasst.
Retrospektiv wurden leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit den hauptverantwortlichen Mitarbeitern der Fieberambulanz Greifswald, sowie niedergelassenen Ärzten und Vertretern aus den Bereichen Hygiene, sowie der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung MV und dem Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald geführt.
Ergebnisse
Es gelang innerhalb von zehn Tagen, die Fieberambulanz in den Räumlichkeiten einer Berufsschule aufzubauen. Besondere Herausforderungen, die in den Interviews beschrieben wurden, waren die Organisation von Logistik und Personal, Klärung der Verantwortlichkeiten, Kostenträgerschaft und Abrechnung. Es wurden Grenzen und Schwächen der Fieberambulanz aufgezeigt, sowie alternative Versorgungsmodelle in den Interviews diskutiert.
Im Zeitraum vom 08.04.-11.05.2020 wurden insgesamt 107 Konsultationen durchgeführt (53 % weiblich, Ø42 Jahre), bei deutlich mehr telefonischen Anfragen. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren akute Bronchitis (43%), obere Atemwegsinfekte (28%) und Fieber (8,4%).
In 42 Fällen wurde ein Nasen-Rachen-Abstrich durchgeführt. Schwerere Erkrankungen wie eitrige Tonsillitiden oder Asthma Exazerbationen wurden in <10% der Fälle diagnostiziert. Covid-19-Neuinfektionen wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Eine kosteneffiziente Auslastung konnte nicht erreicht werden.
Schlussfolgerung
Die Fieberambulanz wurde zu Pandemiebeginn als Anlaufstelle für Unsicherheiten im Umgang mit dem Infektionsgeschehen genutzt, als viele Versorgungssituationen noch ungeregelt waren. Sie erwies sich aber rückblickend bei niedriger Inzidenz als unwirtschaftlich und nicht notwendig. Der Großteil der Patienten konnte weiterhin hausärztlich betreut werden.
Background
Early diagnosis is mandatory for the medical care of children and adolescents with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). International guidelines (‘Porto criteria’) of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommend medical diagnostic procedures in PIBD. Since 2004, German and Austrian pediatric gastroenterologists document diagnostic and treatment data in the patient registry CEDATA-GPGE on a voluntary basis. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze whether the registry CEDATA-GPGE reflects the Porto criteria and to what extent diagnostic measures of PIBD according to the Porto criteria are documented.
Methods
Data of CEDATA-GPGE were analyzed for the period January 2014 to December 2018. Variables representing the Porto criteria for initial diagnostic were identified and categorized. The average of the number of measures documented in each category was calculated for the diagnoses CD, UC, and IBD-U. Differences between the diagnoses were tested by Chi-square test. Data on possible differences between data documented in the registry and diagnostic procedures that were actually performed were obtained via a sample survey.
Results
There were 547 patients included in the analysis. The median age of patients with incident CD (n = 289) was 13.6 years (IQR: 11.2–15.2), of patients with UC (n = 212) 13.1 years (IQR: 10.4–14.8) and of patients with IBD-U (n = 46) 12.2 years (IQR: 8.6–14.7).
The variables identified in the registry fully reflect the recommendations by the Porto criteria. Only the disease activity indices PUCAI and PCDAI were not directly provided by participants but calculated from obtained data. The category ‘Case history’ were documented for the largest part (78.0%), the category ‘Imaging of the small bowel’ were documented least frequently (39.1%). In patients with CD, the categories ‘Imaging of the small bowel’ (χ2 = 20.7, Cramer-V = 0.2, p < 0.001) and ‘Puberty stage’ (χ2 = 9.8, Cramer-V = 0.1, p < 0.05) were documented more often than in patients with UC and IBD-U.
Conclusion
The registry fully reproduces the guideline’s recommendations for the initial diagnosis of PIBD. The proportion of documented diagnostic examinations varied within the diagnostic categories and between the diagnoses. Despite technological innovations, time and personnel capacities at participating centers and study center are necessary to ensure reliable data entry and to enable researchers to derive important insights into guideline-based care.
Background
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times when women are at increased risk for depression and mental problems. This may also negatively affect the foetus. Thus, there is a need for interventions with low-threshold access and care. Telemedicine interventions are a promising approach to address these issues. This systematic literature review examined the efficacy of telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and/or new mothers to address mental health-related outcomes. The primary objective was to analyse whether telemedicine interventions can reduce mental health problems in pregnant women and new mothers. The secondary aim was to clarify the impact of type of interventions, their frequency and their targets.
Methods
Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials, with participants being pregnant women and/or new mothers (with infants up to twelve months), involving telemedicine interventions of any kind (e.g. websites, apps, chats, telephone), and addressing any mental health-related outcomes like depression, postnatal depression, anxiety, stress and others. Search terms were pregnant women, new mothers, telemedicine, RCT (randomised controlled trials), mental stress as well as numerous synonyms including medical subject headings. The literature search was conducted within the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Screening, inclusion of records and data extraction were performed by two researchers according to the PRISMA guidelines, using the online tool CADIMA.
Results
Forty four articles were included. A majority (62%) reported significantly improved mental health-related outcomes for participants receiving telemedicine interventions compared to control. In particular (internet-delivered) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy was successful for depression and stress, and peer support improved outcomes for postnatal depression and anxiety. Interventions with preventive approaches and interventions aimed at symptom reduction were largely successful. For the most part there was no significant improvement in the symptoms of anxiety.
Conclusion
Telemedicine interventions evaluated within RCTs were mostly successful. However, they need to be designed to specifically target a certain mental health issue because there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Further research should focus on which specific interventions are appropriate for which mental health outcomes in terms of intervention delivery modes, content, target approaches, etc. Further investigation is needed, in particular with regard to anxiety.
Background
Multimedia multi-device measurement platforms may make the assessment of prevention-related medical variables with a focus on cardiovascular outcomes more attractive and time-efficient. The aim of the studies was to evaluate the reliability (Study 1) and the measurement agreement with a cohort study (Study 2) of selected measures of such a device, the Preventiometer.
Methods
In Study 1 (N = 75), we conducted repeated measurements in two Preventiometers for four examinations (blood pressure measurement, pulse oximetry, body fat measurement, and spirometry) to analyze their agreement and derive (retest-)reliability estimates. In Study 2 (N = 150), we compared somatometry, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, body fat, and spirometry measurements in the Preventiometer with corresponding measurements used in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to evaluate measurement agreement.
Results
Intraclass correlations coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .84 to .99 for all examinations in Study 1. Whereas bias was not an issue for most examinations in Study 2, limits of agreement for most examinations were very large compared to results of similar method comparison studies.
Conclusion
We observed a high retest-reliability of the assessed clinical examinations in the Preventiometer. Some disagreements between Preventiometer and SHIP examinations can be attributed to procedural differences in the examinations. Methodological and technical improvements are recommended before using the Preventiometer in population-based research.
Background
Long periods of uninterrupted sitting, i.e., sedentary bouts, and their relationship with adverse health outcomes have moved into focus of public health recommendations. However, evidence on associations between sedentary bouts and adiposity markers is limited. Our aim was to investigate associations of the daily number of sedentary bouts with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of middle-aged to older adults.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from three different studies that took place in the area of Greifswald, Northern Germany, between 2012 and 2018. In total, 460 adults from the general population aged 40 to 75 years and without known cardiovascular disease wore tri-axial accelerometers (ActiGraph Model GT3X+, Pensacola, FL) on the hip for seven consecutive days. A wear time of ≥ 10 h on ≥ 4 days was required for analyses. WC (cm) and BMI (kg m− 2) were measured in a standardized way. Separate multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations of sedentary bouts (1 to 10 min, >10 to 30 min, and >30 min) with WC and BMI. Models were adjusted for potential confounders including sex, age, school education, employment, current smoking, season of data collection, and composition of accelerometer-based time use.
Results
Participants (66% females) were on average 57.1 (standard deviation, SD 8.5) years old and 36% had a school education >10 years. The mean number of sedentary bouts per day was 95.1 (SD 25.0) for 1-to-10-minute bouts, 13.3 (SD 3.4) for >10-to-30-minute bouts and 3.5 (SD 1.9) for >30-minute bouts. Mean WC was 91.1 cm (SD 12.3) and mean BMI was 26.9 kg m− 2 (SD 3.8). The daily number of 1-to-10-minute bouts was inversely associated with BMI (b = -0.027; p = 0.047) and the daily number of >30-minute bouts was positively associated with WC (b = 0.330; p = 0.001). All other associations were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The findings provide some evidence on favourable associations of short sedentary bouts as well as unfavourable associations of long sedentary bouts with adiposity markers. Our results may contribute to a growing body of literature that can help to define public health recommendations for interrupting prolonged sedentary periods.
Trial registration
Study 1: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00010996); study 2: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02990039); study 3: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03539237).
The incidence and prevalence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) are on the rise worldwide. Initial symptoms are often recognized with a delay, which reduces the quality of life and may lead to an increased rate of complications. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic delay in PIBD and to identify potential influencing factors. Therefore, data from the German-Austrian patient registry CEDATA-GPGE for children and adolescents with PIBD were analyzed for the period January 2014 to December 2018. There were 456 children identified in the data, thereof 258 children (57%) with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 198 children (43%) with Ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age was 13.3 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 10.9−15.0), and 44% were females. The median diagnostic delay was 4.1 months (IQR = 2.1–7.0) in CD and 2.4 months (IQR = 1.2–5.1) in UC (p = 0.01). UC was associated with earlier diagnosis than CD (p < 0.001). Only a few factors influencing the diagnostic delay have been verified, e.g., abdominal pain at night and if video capsule endoscopy was performed. Diagnostic delay improved over the years in participating centers, but the level of awareness needs to be high even in common symptoms like abdominal pain.
Background
The national Network Genomic Medicine (nNGM) Lung Cancer provides comprehensive and high-quality multiplex molecular diagnostics and standardized personalized treatment recommendation for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in Germany. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the nNGM precision medicine program in terms of overall survival (OS) using real-world data (RWD).
Methods
A historical nationwide cohort analysis of patients with aNSCLC and initial diagnosis between 04/2019 and 06/2020 was conducted to compare treatment and OS of patients with and without nNGM-participation. Patients participating within the nNGM (nNGM group) were selected based on a prospective nNGM database. The electronic health records (EHR) of the prospective nNGM database were case-specifically linked to claims data (AOK, German health insurance). The control group was selected from claims data of patients receiving usual care without nNGM-participation (non-nNGM group). The minimum follow-up period was six months.
Findings
Overall, n = 509 patients in the nNGM group and n = 7213 patients in the non-nNGM group met the inclusion criteria. Patients participating in the nNGM had a significantly improved OS compared to the non-nNGM group (median OS: 10.5 months vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.008, HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95). The 1-year survival rates were 46.8% (nNGM) and 41.3% (non-nNGM). The use of approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the first-line setting was significantly higher in the nNGM group than in the non-nNGM group (nNGM: 8.4% (43/509) vs. non-nNGM: 5.1% (366/7213), p = 0.001). Overall, patients receiving first-line TKI treatment had significantly higher 1-year OS rates than patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and/or chemotherapy (67.2% vs. 40.2%, p < 0.001).
Interpretation
This is the first study to demonstrate a significant survival benefit and higher utilization of targeted therapies for aNSCLC patients participating within nNGM. Our data indicate that precision medicine programs can enhance collaborative personalized lung cancer care and promote the implementation of treatment innovations and the latest scientific knowledge into clinical routine care.
Funding
The study was funded by the AOK Federal Association Germany.
Die Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung hat zum Ziel die Lebensqualität von Patient*innen mit einer unheilbaren Erkrankung zu erhalten und zu fördern. Jeder schwerkranke Mensch, der durch eine unheilbare Erkrankung eine Lebenserwartung von wenigen Tagen, Wochen oder Monaten hat, soll Zugang zur Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung erhalten. Im Rahmen der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung werden neben der pflegerischen und medizinischen Ebene, Betroffene und deren Angehörige auf psychischer und spiritueller Ebene begleitet. Dies setzt eine gute interdisziplinäre und sektorübergreifende Zusammenarbeit voraus. Ziel der vorliegenden kumulativen Dissertation ist die Erstellung einer versorgungsepidemiologischen Analyse der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern auf Basis von Interviews, einer standardisierten schriftlichen Befragung und einer Analyse von Krankenkassendaten. Spezielles Augenmerk hat die Identifizierung von Problemen sowie Brüchen in der Kontinuität der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung.
Die Dissertation besteht aus zwei Publikationen zur Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In der ersten Publikation wurden mögliche Problembereiche und Barrieren in der Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern anhand von qualitativen Interviews und einer darauf aufbauenden schriftlichen Befragung mit Leistungserbringer*innen der allgemeinen und spezialisierten Palliativversorgung und der Hospizversorgung ermittelt (im weiteren Verlauf der Dissertation „Befragungsstudie“ genannt). In der zweiten Publikation wurde die Kontinuität der Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung auf der Basis von Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkasse AOK-Nordost untersucht (im weiteren Verlauf der Dissertation „Kontinuitätsstudie“ genannt).
Wichtigste Ergebnisse der qualitativen Interviews und der Befragungsstudie sind eine teilweise unzureichende Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem ambulanten und stationären Sektor sowie zwischen der allgemeinen und der spezialisierten Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung. Insbesondere die Zusammenarbeit der Hausärzt*innen mit spezialisierten palliativmedizinischen Leistungserbringer*innen wurde weniger gut bewertet. Die Bewertungen der Zusammenarbeit der einzelnen Leistungserbringer*innen deutet drauf hin, dass die Kooperation der Versorgung einer besseren Koordination bedarf. Dieses Ergebnis wurde anhand von Routinedaten im Rahmen der Kontinuitätsstudie untersucht. Die Kontinuitätsstudie zeigt, dass ein Großteil der Palliativpatient*innen nach einer palliativmedizinischen stationären Versorgung eine palliativmedizinische Anschlussversorgung erhielt, jedoch nicht immer binnen 14 Tage. Die durch die Befragungen erwarteten Versorgungslücken in Form von großen zeitlichen Abständen konnten anhand der Kontinuitätsstudie teilweise gefunden werden.