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Body-size variability results from a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors (environmental and biological influences) underpinned by phylogeny. In ostracodes it is assumed that body size is predominantly controlled by ecological conditions, but investigations have mostly focused on local or regional study areas. In this study, we investigate the geographical size variability (length, height, and width) of Holocene and Recent valves of the salinity-tolerant ostracode species Cyprideis torosa within a large geographical area (31°–51° latitude, and 12°–96° longitude). It is shown that distant local size clusters of Cyprideis torosa are framed within two large-scale geographical patterns. One pattern describes the separation of two different size classes (i.e., morphotypes) at around ∼42° N. The co-occurrence of both size morphotypes in the same habitats excludes an environmental control on the distribution of the morphotypes but rather could point to the existence of two differentiated lineages. Generally, correlations between valve size and environmental parameters (salinity, geographical positions) strongly depend on the taxonomic resolution. While latitude explains the overall size variability of C. torosa sensu lato (i.e., undifferentiated for morphotypes), salinity-size correlations are restricted to the morphotype scale. Another large-scale pattern represents a continuous increase in valve size of C. torosa with latitude according to the macroecological pattern referred as Bergmann trend. Existing explanations for Bergmann trends insufficiently clarify the size cline of C. torosa which might be because these models are restricted to intraspecific levels. The observed size-latitude relationship of C. torosa may, therefore, result from interspecific divergence (i.e., size ordered spatially may result from interspecific divergence sorting) while environmental influence is of minor importance. Our results imply that geographical body-size patterns of ostracodes are not straightforward and are probably not caused by universal mechanisms. Consideration of phylogenetic relationships of ostracodes is therefore necessary before attempting to identify the role of environmental controls on body size variability.
Hintergrund
Die Zertifizierung von Zentren für Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation (NNFR) durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) ist seit dem 01.10.2021 möglich.
Ziel der Arbeit
Die Ergebnisse der Zertifizierung von Einrichtungen im ersten Jahr nach Aufnahme des Verfahrens werden vorgestellt.
Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen der Zertifizierung werden 28 Kriterien geprüft, darunter eine Reihe mandatorisch zu erfüllender Charakteristika der Einrichtung. Die Kriterien gliedern sich in Strukturkriterien (i = 7), Diagnostikkriterien (i = 6), Personalkriterien (i = 3), Kriterien der internen Organisation (i = 7) und Qualitätsmanagementkriterien (i = 5).
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 13 Zentren wurden im ersten Jahr zertifiziert, die zusammen über 283 Betten zur Beatmungsentwöhnung („weaning“) in der NNFR verfügen und im Jahr vor der Zertifizierung 2278 Personen im Weaning betreuten, im Median pro Einrichtung 134 (Bereich [Min-Max] 44–414). Nur selten war das Weaning nicht erfolgreich, sodass vor Entlassung auf eine Heimbeatmung eingestellt werden musste (invasive Heimbeatmung Median pro Einrichtung 10 Personen, Bereich 2–25; nichtinvasive Heimbeatmung Median 0 Personen, Bereich 0–57). Festgestellt wurde ein hohes Maß an Prozess- und Strukturqualität in den zertifizierten Zentren: Über alle Prüfbereiche hinweg waren die Prüfkriterien zu allermeist erfüllt (Median Erfüllungsgrad 86 %) bzw. erfüllt mit von den Auditor*innen dokumentierten Verbesserungspotenzialhinweisen (Median 11 %).
Schlussfolgerung
Erfolgreiches Weaning in der NNFR und ein hohes Maß an Prozess- und Strukturqualität lassen sich anhand der Zertifizierungsergebnisse der Zentren belegen, die diesen integrativen Ansatz bei der Beatmungsentwöhnung verfolgen.
Background: Methanogenic archaea represent a less investigated and likely underestimated part of the intestinal tract microbiome in swine.
Aims/Methods: This study aims to elucidate the archaeome structure and function in the porcine intestinal tract of healthy and H1N1 infected swine. We performed multi-omics analysis consisting of 16S rRNA gene profiling, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics.
Results and discussion: We observed a significant increase from 0.48 to 4.50% of archaea in the intestinal tract microbiome along the ileum and colon, dominated by genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera. Furthermore, in feces of naïve and H1N1 infected swine, we observed significant but minor differences in the occurrence of archaeal phylotypes over the course of an infection experiment. Metatranscriptomic analysis of archaeal mRNAs revealed the major methanogenesis pathways of Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera to be hydrogenotrophic and methyl-reducing, respectively. Metaproteomics of archaeal peptides indicated some effects of the H1N1 infection on central metabolism of the gut archaea.
Conclusions/Take home message: Finally, this study provides the first multi-omics analysis and high-resolution insights into the structure and function of the porcine intestinal tract archaeome during a non-lethal Influenza A virus infection of the respiratory tract, demonstrating significant alterations in archaeal community composition and central metabolic functions.
Aims
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid, which is involved in several cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The associations of serum S1P levels with cardiac geometry and function are still not clear. We investigated the associations of S1P with cardiac structure and systolic function in a population-based sample.
Methods and results
We performed cross-sectional analyses of 858 subjects (467 men; 54.4%), aged 22 to 81 years, from a sub-sample of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). We analyzed the associations of serum S1P with structural and systolic function left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) parameters as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. In men, MRI data showed that a 1 µmol/L lower S1P concentration was associated with an 18.1 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.66–32.6; p = 0.014) larger LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), a 0.46 mm (95% CI 0.04–0.89; p = 0.034) greater LV wall thickness (LVWT) and a 16.3 g (95% CI 6.55–26.1; p = 0.001) higher LV mass (LVM). S1P was also associated with a 13.3 mL/beat (95% CI 4.49–22.1; p = 0.003) greater LV stroke volume (LVSV), an 18.7 cJ (95% CI 6.43–30.9; p = 0.003) greater LV stroke work (LVSW) and a 12.6 mL (95% CI 1.03–24.3; p = 0.033) larger LA end-diastolic volume (LAEDV). We did not find any significant associations in women.
Conclusions
In this population-based sample, lower levels of S1P were associated with higher LV wall thickness and mass, larger LV and LA chamber sizes and greater stroke volume and work of the LV in men, but not in women. Our results indicate that lower levels of S1P were associated with parameters related with cardiac geometry and systolic function in men, but not in women.
Body surface scan anthropometrics are related to cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population
(2022)
The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important tool for prognosis evaluation of cardiovascular events. The gold standard to measure CRF is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). However, CPET is not only time consuming but also expensive and is therefore not widely applicable in daily practice. The aim of our study was to analyze, whether and which anthropometric markers derived from a 3D body scanner were related to VO2peak in a general population-based study. We analyzed data (SHIP-START-3) from 3D body scanner and CPET of 1035 subjects (529 women; 51.1%, age range 36–93). A total of 164 anthropometric markers were detected with the 3D body scanner VITUS Smart XXL using the software AnthroScan Professional. Anthropometric measurements were standardized and associated with CRF by sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age and height. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the − log- p values derived from these regression models. In men a greater left and right thigh-knee-ratio, a longer forearm-fingertip length, a greater left thigh circumference and greater left upper arm circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. In women a greater left and right thigh circumference, left calf circumference, thigh thickness and right calf circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. The detected VO2peak-related anthropometric markers could be helpful in assessing CRF in clinical routine. Commonly used anthropometric markers, e.g. waist and hip circumference, were not among the markers associated with VO2peak.
Background and objectives
Various cross-sectional studies have observed an association between high circulating concentrations of the adipokine chemerin and an unfavorable metabolic profile. However, the prognostic value of chemerin for the risk of associated diseases and mortality was examined only in a few studies mostly using small and highly selected patient populations. We aimed to analyze the association between plasma chemerin concentrations and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality in the general population.
Study design and methods
From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), participants of two independent cohorts (SHIP-START-1 [n = 3037], SHIP-TREND-0 [n = 4193]) were followed up for 15 and 9 years (median), respectively. The association between plasma chemerin and all-cause mortality was analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. Additionally, cause-specific hazards for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality were modeled considering competing events.
Results
A total number of 507 and 208 deaths occurred during follow-up in SHIP-START-1 and SHIP-TREND-0, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses revealed a significant association between high plasma chemerin concentrations and greater overall mortality that was independent of major confounders. Each 30 ng/mL increase in chemerin was associated with a 17% higher risk of all-cause mortality (95%-confidence interval: 1.10–1.26). Cause-specific analyses further showed that the chemerin concentration was significantly associated with cancer mortality but not with CVD mortality.
Conclusion
The present study detected a positive association between plasma chemerin concentrations and all-cause mortality in a large population-based study sample. Cause-specific analyses have shown that chemerin is likely to play a decisive role in cancer-related deaths. However, a direct association with cardiovascular mortality could not be established.
Background
We investigated the association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and liver fat content (LFC) in the general population.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated data from 2151 adults (51.1% women) from two population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analysed the cross-sectional associations of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with LFC, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, as well as serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminotransferase concentrations by multivariable regression models.
Results
We observed significant inverse associations of VO2peak with LFC and serum GGT, but not with serum aminotransferase levels. Specifically, a 1 L/min lower VO2peak was associated with a 1.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.73; P = .002) higher LFC and a 0.18 μkatal/L (95% CI: 0.09-0.26; P < .001) higher GGT levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of prevalent hepatic steatosis (HS) by a 1 L/min decrease in VO2peak was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22-2.13; P = .001). Compared to subjects with high VO2peak, obese and overweight individuals with low VO2peak had 1.78% (95% CI: 0.32-3.25; P = .017) and 0.94% (95% CI: 0.15-1.74; P = .021) higher mean LFC, respectively. Compared to those with high VO2peak, low VO2peak was independently associated with a higher risk of prevalent HS in the obese (adjusted-OR 2.29, 95% CI=1.48-3.56; P < .001) and overweight (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI=1.16-2.14; P = .04) groups.
Conclusions
Lower VO2peak was significantly associated with greater LFC and higher serum GGT levels in a population-based cohort of adult individuals. Our results suggest that low VO2peak might be a risk factor for HS.