Kliniken und Polikliniken für Innere Medizin
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Purpose
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are increasingly important in evaluating medical care. The increased integration of technology within the healthcare systems allows for collection of PROs electronically. The objectives of this study were to Ashley et al. J Med Internet Res (2013) implement an electronic assessment of PROs in inpatient cancer care and test its feasibility for patients and Dawson et al. BMJ (2010) determine the equivalence of the paper and electronic assessment.
Methods
We analyzed two arms from a study that was originally designed to be an interventional, three-arm, and multicenter inpatient trial. A self-administered questionnaire based on validated PRO-measures was applied and completed at admission, 1 week after, and at discharge. For this analysis — focusing on feasibility of the electronic assessment — the following groups will be considered: Group A (intervention arm) received a tablet version, while group B (control arm) completed the questionnaire on paper. A feasibility questionnaire, that was adapted from Ashley et al. J Med Internet Res (2013), was administered to group A.
Results
We analyzed 103 patients that were recruited in oncology wards. ePRO was feasible to most patients, with 84% preferring the electronic over paper-based assessment. The feasibility questionnaire contained questions that were answered on a scale ranging from “1” (illustrating non achievement) to “5” (illustrating achieving goal). The majority (mean 4.24, SD .99) reported no difficulties handling the electronic tool and found it relatively easy finding time for filling out the questionnaire (mean 4.15, SD 1.05). There were no significant differences between the paper and the electronic assessment regarding the PROs.
Conclusion
Results indicate that electronic PRO assessment in inpatient cancer care is feasible.
Scribble complex proteins can influence cell fate decisions and self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic cells. While specific cellular functions of Scribble complex members are conserved in mammalian hematopoiesis, they appear to be highly context dependent. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screening, we have identified Scribble complex-related liabilities in AML including LLGL1. Despite its reported suppressive function in HSC self-renewal, inactivation of LLGL1 in AML confirms its relevant role for proliferative capacity and development of AML. Its function was conserved in human and murine models of AML and across various genetic backgrounds. Inactivation of LLGL1 results in loss of stemness-associated gene-expression including HoxA-genes and induces a GMP-like phenotype in the leukemia stem cell compartment. Re-expression of HoxA9 facilitates functional and phenotypic rescue. Collectively, these data establish LLGL1 as a specific dependency and putative target in AML and emphasizes its cell-type specific functions.
Aims
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid, which is involved in several cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The associations of serum S1P levels with cardiac geometry and function are still not clear. We investigated the associations of S1P with cardiac structure and systolic function in a population-based sample.
Methods and results
We performed cross-sectional analyses of 858 subjects (467 men; 54.4%), aged 22 to 81 years, from a sub-sample of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). We analyzed the associations of serum S1P with structural and systolic function left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) parameters as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. In men, MRI data showed that a 1 µmol/L lower S1P concentration was associated with an 18.1 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.66–32.6; p = 0.014) larger LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), a 0.46 mm (95% CI 0.04–0.89; p = 0.034) greater LV wall thickness (LVWT) and a 16.3 g (95% CI 6.55–26.1; p = 0.001) higher LV mass (LVM). S1P was also associated with a 13.3 mL/beat (95% CI 4.49–22.1; p = 0.003) greater LV stroke volume (LVSV), an 18.7 cJ (95% CI 6.43–30.9; p = 0.003) greater LV stroke work (LVSW) and a 12.6 mL (95% CI 1.03–24.3; p = 0.033) larger LA end-diastolic volume (LAEDV). We did not find any significant associations in women.
Conclusions
In this population-based sample, lower levels of S1P were associated with higher LV wall thickness and mass, larger LV and LA chamber sizes and greater stroke volume and work of the LV in men, but not in women. Our results indicate that lower levels of S1P were associated with parameters related with cardiac geometry and systolic function in men, but not in women.
Purpose
The WHO 2016 re-classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms resulted in a separation of essential thrombocythemia (ET) from the pre-fibrotic and fibrotic (overt) phases of primary myelofibrosis (MF). This study reports on a chart review conducted to evaluate the real life approach regarding clinical characteristics, diagnostic assessment, risk stratification and treatment decisions for MPN patients classified as ET or MF after implementation of the WHO 2016 classification.
Methods
In this retrospective chart review, 31 office-based hematologists/oncologists and primary care centers in Germany participated between April 2021 and May 2022. Physicians reported available data obtained from patient charts via paper–pencil based survey (secondary use of data). Patient features were evaluated using descriptive analysis, also including diagnostic assessment, therapeutic strategies and risk stratification.
Results
Data of 960 MPN patients diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) (n = 495) or myelofibrosis (MF) (n = 465) after implementation of the revised 2016 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms was collected from the patient charts. While they met at least one minor WHO-criteria for primary myelofibrosis, 39.8% of those diagnosed with ET did not have histological BM testing at diagnosis. 63.4% of patients who were classified as having MF, however, did not obtain an early prognostic risk assessment. More than 50% of MF patients showed characteristics consistent with the pre-fibrotic phase, which was emphasized by the frequent use of cytoreductive therapy. Hydroxyurea was the most frequently used cytoreductive medication in 84.7% of ET and 53.1% of MF patients. While both ET and MF cohorts showed cardiovascular risk factors in more than 2/3 of the cases, the use of platelet inhibitors or anticoagulants varied between 56.8% in ET and 38.1% in MF patients.
Conclusions
Improved histopathologic diagnostics, dynamic risk stratification including genetic risk factors for cases of suspected ET and MF are recommended for precise risk assessment and therapeutic stratification according to WHO criteria.
Purpose
Outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) patients who are refractory to daratumumab are dismal and no standard of treatment exists for this patients’ population. Here, we investigate the role of pomalidomide combinations in daratumumab-refractory MM patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of myeloma patients treated at four referral centers (three in Germany and one in Italy). Review chart identified 30 patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma, who progressed during treatment with daratumumab and were treated with pomalidomide-based combinations in the subsequent lines of therapy.
Results
Responses improved from 37% with daratumumab to 53% with pomalidomide. Of seven patients with extramedullary MM (EMM), four achieved a clinical stabilization with pomalidomide, including one patient with a long-lasting complete response. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6 and 12 months, respectively. Pomalidomide combinations were well tolerated, no patient discontinued treatment due to adverse events.
Conclusion
These data show that pomalidomide-based combinations can be an effective and safe salvage regimen for daratumumab-refractory patients, including those with EMM.
Das wichtigste Ziel am Ende des Lebens im Rahmen der Palliativmedizin ist eine ausreichende Symptomkontrolle, um die Lebensqualität bestmöglich zu erhalten oder sogar zu steigern. Dennoch leiden weiterhin Menschen an ihren letzten Tagen an Schmerzen. Bei onkologischen Patienten spielt insbesondere der Durchbruchschmerz eine große Rolle. Es ist bekannt, dass Opioide wie unter anderem Morphin eine gute Möglichkeit bieten, die Beschwerden zu reduzieren. Bislang gibt es keine Übersichten oder Empfehlungen für mögliche Dosierungen. Weiterhin herrscht eine große Angst vor möglichen Nebenwirkungen und einer Überdosierung.
Ziel dieser Studie ist es zu helfen, die schmerzmedizinische Unterversorgung zu reduzieren. Durch eine individuelle Betrachtung der jeweiligen Tumorerkrankungen und ggf. Metastasierung ist es möglich, eine gezielte Opioidtherapie zu gewährleisten. Das Erheben der Schmerzstärken und die jeweils erhaltene Opioiddosierung helfen, Dosierungen besser an die tatsächlichen Schmerzen anzupassen. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Übersicht zu den Opioiddosierungen entwickelt, um den Behandlern eine Unterstützung zu geben.
Für diese retrospektive Studie wurden die Daten von insgesamt 292 verstorbenen Tumorpatienten (ohne chronisches Schmerzsyndrom) auf der Palliativstation der Universität Greifswald im Zeitraum von 3 Jahren ausgewertet. Die durchschnittliche Liegedauer betrug 7,4 Tage. Patienten mit Bronchialkarzinom waren am häufigsten vertreten, Prostatakarzinom am seltensten. 11,6% litten an einem zweiten Primärtumor und fast Dreiviertel litten an einer Metastasierung. Lebermetastasen waren am häufigsten vertreten. Durchschnittlich litten die Patienten an Schmerzen in Ruhe von 2,7/10 am Aufnahmetag und von 1,1/10 am Sterbetag. Der Opioidbedarf schwankte am Aufnahmetag zwischen 0 und 1323 mg Opioid in Morphin-oral-Äquivalent mit durchschnittlich 117 mg. Am Sterbetag verdoppelte sich der Maximalwert auf 2778 mg und der Durchschnittswert stieg auf 211 mg Morphin-Oral-Äquivalent.
Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren litten bei Aufnahme an den stärksten Schmerzen mit durchschnittlich 4 von 10 und benötigten signifikant höhere Opioiddosierungen (durchschnittlich 256 mg Morphin-Oral-Äquivalent). Das Vorhandensein von Metastasen verdoppelte im Gesamtkollektiv signifikant den Opioidbedarf am Sterbetag von durchschnittlich 113 mg auf 244 mg Morphin-Oral-Äquivalent.
Die Studie zeigt, dass teils deutlich höhere Opioiddosierungen als bisher in der Praxis üblich nötig sind, um das Ziel einer Schmerzstärke von 3/10 in Ruhe, bzw. 5/10 bei Belastung zu erreichen. Die herausgearbeitete Übersicht ermöglicht eine bessere Anpassung der nötigen Opioiddosierungen in Abhängigkeit der Tumorlokalisation und der jeweiligen Metastasierung am Ende des Lebens. Nicht zuletzt soll diese Arbeit dazu beitragen, Vorbehalte gegen eine zur Schmerzfreiheit notwendige, hoch erscheinende Opioiddosierung auszuräumen.
Gleichzeitig spielen in einem multimodalen Schmerzkonzept nicht nur Opioide eine wichtige Rolle. Vielmehr ist es ein interdisziplinäres Konzept, welches auf alle Aspekte des bio-psycho-sozialen Modelles eingehen muss, um eine optimale Behandlung für den Menschen am Ende des Lebens zu gewährleisten. Weiterhin sind insbesondere regelmäßige palliativmedizinische Fort- und Weiterbildungen aller Fachdisziplinen entscheidend, damit unter anderem im Bereich der Schmerzmedizin Aufklärung betrieben werden kann. Diese Studie und die daraus resultierenden Ergebnisse bilden einen wichtigen Schritt zum Erreichen einer adäquaten schmerzmedizinischen Versorgung am Ende des Lebens.
Background and Purpose
Development and progression of heart failure involve endothelial and myocardial dysfunction as well as a dysregulation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signalling pathway. Recently, we reported that the sGC stimulator riociguat has beneficial effects on cardiac remodelling and progression of heart failure in response to chronic pressure overload. Here, we examined if these beneficial effects of riociguat were also reflected in alterations of the myocardial proteome and microRNA profiles.
Experimental Approach
Male C57BL/6N mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and sham-operated mice served as controls. TAC and sham animals were randomised and treated with either riociguat or vehicle for 5 weeks, starting 3 weeks after surgery, when cardiac hypertrophy was established. Afterwards, we performed mass spectrometric proteome analyses and microRNA sequencing of proteins and RNAs, respectively, isolated from left ventricles (LVs).
Key Results
TAC-induced changes of the LV proteome were significantly reduced by treatment with riociguat. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that riociguat improved TAC-induced cardiovascular disease-related pathways, metabolism and energy production, for example, reversed alterations in the levels of myosin heavy chain 7, cardiac phospholamban and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1. Riociguat also attenuated TAC-induced changes of microRNA levels in the LV.
Conclusion and Implications
The sGC stimulator riociguat exerted beneficial effects on cardiac structure and function during pressure overload, which was accompanied by a reversal of TAC-induced changes of the cardiac proteome and microRNA profile. Our data support the potential of riociguat as a novel therapeutic agent for heart failure.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and a steady rising diagnosis for inpatient hospitalization. About one in four patients, who experience an episode of AP, will develop chronic pancreatitis (CP) over time. While the initiating causes of pancreatitis can be complex, they consistently elicit an immune response that significantly determines the severity and course of the disease. Overall, AP is associated with a significant mortality rate of 1-5%, which is caused by either an excessive pro-inflammation, or a strong compensatory inhibition of bacterial defense mechanisms which lead to a severe necrotizing form of pancreatitis. At the time-point of hospitalization the already initiated immune response is the only promising common therapeutic target to treat or prevent a severe disease course. However, the complexity of the immune response requires fine-balanced therapeutic intervention which in addition is limited by the fact that a significant proportion of patients is in danger of development or progress to recurrent and chronic disease. Based on the recent literature we survey the disease-relevant immune mechanisms and evaluate appropriate and promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Mutations of the JAK2 gene are frequent aberrations in the aging hematopoietic system and in myeloid neoplasms. While JAK-inhibitors efficiently reduce hyperinflammation induced by the constitutively active mutated JAK2 kinase, the malignant clone and abundance of mutated cells remains rather unaffected. Here, we sought to assess for genetic vulnerabilities of JAK2-mutated clones. We identified lysine-specific demethylase KDM4C as a selective genetic dependency that persists upon JAK-inhibitor treatment. Genetic inactivation of KDM4C in human and murine JAK2-mutated cells resulted in loss of cell competition and reduced proliferation. These findings led to reduced disease penetrance and improved survival in xenograft models of human JAK2-mutated cells. KDM4C deleted cells showed alterations in target histone residue methylation and target gene expression, resulting in induction of cellular senescence. In summary, these data establish KDM4C as a specific dependency and therapeutic target in JAK2-mutated cells that is essential for oncogenic signaling and prevents induction of senescence.