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Background
We investigated the association between low cardiorespiratory fitness and liver fat content (LFC) in the general population.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated data from 2151 adults (51.1% women) from two population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analysed the cross-sectional associations of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with LFC, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, as well as serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminotransferase concentrations by multivariable regression models.
Results
We observed significant inverse associations of VO2peak with LFC and serum GGT, but not with serum aminotransferase levels. Specifically, a 1 L/min lower VO2peak was associated with a 1.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.73; P = .002) higher LFC and a 0.18 μkatal/L (95% CI: 0.09-0.26; P < .001) higher GGT levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of prevalent hepatic steatosis (HS) by a 1 L/min decrease in VO2peak was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22-2.13; P = .001). Compared to subjects with high VO2peak, obese and overweight individuals with low VO2peak had 1.78% (95% CI: 0.32-3.25; P = .017) and 0.94% (95% CI: 0.15-1.74; P = .021) higher mean LFC, respectively. Compared to those with high VO2peak, low VO2peak was independently associated with a higher risk of prevalent HS in the obese (adjusted-OR 2.29, 95% CI=1.48-3.56; P < .001) and overweight (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI=1.16-2.14; P = .04) groups.
Conclusions
Lower VO2peak was significantly associated with greater LFC and higher serum GGT levels in a population-based cohort of adult individuals. Our results suggest that low VO2peak might be a risk factor for HS.
Der Fokus der vorliegenden Studie lag auf der Untersuchung der Beziehung
zwischen CRF und RV-Struktur und Funktion in einer großen, bevölkerungsbasierten
Kohorte bestehend aus weitgehend körperlich inaktiven Erwachsenen. Damit
widmete sich diese Studie einer aktuellen Problemstellung, da die Bevölkerung
aufgrund des demographischen Wandels stets älter wird und der Prozentsatz an
körperlich inaktiven Erwachsenen bereits jetzt schon ein hohes Niveau erreicht hat
und zusätzlich bisher noch wenige Informationen für den RV-Umbau vorliegen.
Die Kohorte umfasste 2 844 Proband:innen aus zwei unabhängigen SHIP-Kohorten,
die eine CPET für die Bestimmung der VO2peak absolvierten.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Aspekt der Studie waren die beiden unterschiedlichen
bildgebenden Verfahren, die zur Bestimmung der RV-Struktur und Funktion
verwendet wurden. Alle Proband:innen erhielten eine Echokardiographie und 941
Proband:innen zusätzlich eine cMRT.
Die Ergebnisse, zusammengefasst in Abbildung 6, zeigen letztendlich, dass eine
geringere CRF mit einer kleineren Kammergröße und einer geringeren systolischen
Funktion, einem geringeren Schlagvolumen und einer geringeren Herzleistung des
rechten Herzens verbunden ist.
Dieser Zusammenhang könnte die zuvor beschriebene altersbedingte Abnahme der
Herzgröße erklären, wobei der bewegungsarme Lebensstil der meisten Personen
während des gesamten Lebens und der Alterungsprozess die wichtigsten Beiträge
hierzu sein könnten.
Diese Daten unterstützen somit die Idee, dass reduzierte VO2peak-Werte eine
Kombination aus körperlicher Inaktivität, Atrophie des Herzens und
Alterungsprozessen sind.
Weitere Studien sind jedoch erforderlich, um die Mechanismen dieser
Veränderungen für eine mögliche therapeutische Nutzung im Detail zu identifizieren
und mehr Informationen über die klinische Relevanz des rechten Ventrikels zu
entwickeln, möglicherweise auch in verschiedenen Ethnien.
Although a potential link between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a reasonable explanation for effects of tooth-related alterations seen on cardiometabolic diseases, evidence is currently limited. Thus, we investigated the association between clinically assessed periodontitis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Data from 2 independent cross-sectional population-based studies (5-y follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania [SHIP-1; N = 1,639] and SHIP-Trend-0 [N = 2,439]) were analyzed. Participants received a half-mouth periodontal examination, and teeth were counted. CPET was based on symptom limited-exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. Associations of periodontitis parameters with CPET parameters were analyzed by confounder-adjusted multivariable linear regression. In the total sample, mean pocket probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were consistently associated with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and exercise duration in both studies, even after restriction to cardiorespiratory healthy participants. Statistically significant associations with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), slope of the efficiency of ventilation in removing carbon dioxide, and peak oxygen pulse (VÉ/VCO2 slope) occurred. Further, interactions with age were identified, such that mainly older individuals with higher levels of periodontal disease severity were associated with lower peakVO2. Restricted to never smokers, associations with mean clinical attachment levels and the number of teeth mostly diminished, while associations of mean PPD with peakVO2, VO2@AT, VÉ/VCO2 slope, and exercise duration in SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend-0 were confirmed. In SHIP-1, mean peakVO2 was 1,895 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 1.6 mm and 1,809 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 3.7 mm. To conclude, only mean PPD reflecting current disease severity was consistently linked to cardiorespiratory fitness in 2 cross-sectional samples of the general population. If confirmed in well-designed large-scale longitudinal studies, the association between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a biologically plausible mechanism linking periodontitis with cardiometabolic diseases.